An Innovative Approach to Studying and Treating Cancer: Targeting pH describes one of the few characteristics of cancer that is not shared by normal tissues: the reversal or inversion of the pH gradient when intracellular pH becomes alkaline and extracellular pH becomes acid. This is now recognized as one of the most selective and differential hallmarks of all cancer cells and tissues, being the opposite of the condition found in normal tissues and a potential target in order to achieve either a stable disease or even regression with no toxicity.
The book discusses topics such as lactic acid and its transport system in the pH paradigm, mechanisms to decrease extra cellular pH and increase intracellular pH, NHE-1 activity in cancer, carbonic anhydrases, vacuolar ATPase proton pump, and the sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter system. Additionally, it discusses complementary pharmacological interventions, cellular acidification and extracellular alkalinization as a new and integral approach to cancer treatment.
1. Chapter 1: Introduction - p. page_xvii 2. Chapter 2: Cancer metabolism - p. page_13 3. Chapter 3: The pH-centered paradigm in cancer - p. page_52 4. Chapter 4: Lactic acid and its transport system - p. page_97 5. Chapter 5: The sodium hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1) - p. page_123 6. Chapter 6: Voltage gated sodium channels - p. page_141 7. Chapter 7: Carbonic anhydrases - p. page_155 8. Chapter 8: The vacuolar H+ ATPase proton pump - p. page_176 9. Chapter 9: The sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) family - p. page_191 10. Chapter 10: pH gradient inversion, aquaporins and cancer - p. page_204 11. Chapter 11: Migration, invasion, invadopodia, and the inversion of the pH gradient - p. page_241 12. Chapter 12: The Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) transcription factor - p. page_269 13. Part II: Therapeutics - p. page_285 14. Chapter 13: The inverted pH gradient in cancer: Pharmacological interventions. Part I - p. page_285 15. Chapter 14: Pharmacological interventions part II - p. page_307 16. Chapter 15: Pharmacological interventions part III - p. page_333 17. Chapter 16: Pharmacological interventions part IV: Metabolic modifiers - p. page_359 18. Chapter 17: New horizons on pH regulators as cancer biomarkers and targets for pharmacological intervention - p. page_416 19. Chapter 18: Treating the pH gradient inversion - p. page_450 20. Chapter 19: Metronomic anti-angiogenesis: The ideal companion of pH-centered treatments - p. page_465 21. Chapter 20: Preventing metastasis with pH regulation - p. page_487 22. Chapter 21: Vacuolar-ATPase proton pump inhibition in cancer therapy: Veterinary and human experience - p. page_508 23. Chapter 22: Taking advantage of cancer’s pH alterations: pH-sensitive nanoparticles - p. page_522 24. Chapter 23: Summary and final conclusions - p. page_540 25. Abbreviations - p. page_549 26. Index - p. page_551
An Innovative Approach to Studying and Treating Cancer: Targeting pH describes one of the few characteristics of cancer that is not shared by normal tissues: the reversal or inversion of the pH gradient when intracellular pH becomes alkaline and extracellular pH becomes acid. This is now recognized as one of the most selective and differential hallmarks of all cancer cells and tissues, being the opposite of the condition found in normal tissues and a potential target in order to achieve either a stable disease or even regression with no toxicity.
The book discusses topics such as lactic acid and its transport system in the pH paradigm, mechanisms to decrease extra cellular pH and increase intracellular pH, NHE-1 activity in cancer, carbonic anhydrases, vacuolar ATPase proton pump, and the sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter system. Additionally, it discusses complementary pharmacological interventions, cellular acidification and extracellular alkalinization as a new and integral approach to cancer treatment.
1. Chapter 1: Introduction - p. page_xvii 2. Chapter 2: Cancer metabolism - p. page_13 3. Chapter 3: The pH-centered paradigm in cancer - p. page_52 4. Chapter 4: Lactic acid and its transport system - p. page_97 5. Chapter 5: The sodium hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1) - p. page_123 6. Chapter 6: Voltage gated sodium channels - p. page_141 7. Chapter 7: Carbonic anhydrases - p. page_155 8. Chapter 8: The vacuolar H+ ATPase proton pump - p. page_176 9. Chapter 9: The sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) family - p. page_191 10. Chapter 10: pH gradient inversion, aquaporins and cancer - p. page_204 11. Chapter 11: Migration, invasion, invadopodia, and the inversion of the pH gradient - p. page_241 12. Chapter 12: The Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) transcription factor - p. page_269 13. Part II: Therapeutics - p. page_285 14. Chapter 13: The inverted pH gradient in cancer: Pharmacological interventions. Part I - p. page_285 15. Chapter 14: Pharmacological interventions part II - p. page_307 16. Chapter 15: Pharmacological interventions part III - p. page_333 17. Chapter 16: Pharmacological interventions part IV: Metabolic modifiers - p. page_359 18. Chapter 17: New horizons on pH regulators as cancer biomarkers and targets for pharmacological intervention - p. page_416 19. Chapter 18: Treating the pH gradient inversion - p. page_450 20. Chapter 19: Metronomic anti-angiogenesis: The ideal companion of pH-centered treatments - p. page_465 21. Chapter 20: Preventing metastasis with pH regulation - p. page_487 22. Chapter 21: Vacuolar-ATPase proton pump inhibition in cancer therapy: Veterinary and human experience - p. page_508 23. Chapter 22: Taking advantage of cancer’s pH alterations: pH-sensitive nanoparticles - p. page_522 24. Chapter 23: Summary and final conclusions - p. page_540 25. Abbreviations - p. page_549 26. Index - p. page_551
