Edited by a team of leading echocardiography experts and endorsed by the American Society of Echocardiography, ASE’S Comprehensive Echocardiography, 3rd Edition, covers the full spectrum of sonography of the heart in one succinct, authoritative resource. This highly regarded text provides must-know information on everything from basic foundations and principles to clinical application, written and edited by ASE members with expertise in each specific area. Case studies, numerous tables, high-quality images and videos highlight the latest uses of echocardiography, including the most recent 2D and 3D advances.
Discusses all the latest methods to assess cardiac chamber size and function, valvular stenosis/regurgitation, cardiomyopathies, coronary artery disease, complications of myocardial infarction, and other cardiac pathologies.
Covers recent advances in critical care echocardiography, cardio-oncology, structural heart disease, interventional/intraoperative echocardiography, strain imaging of left and right heart chambers, multimodality imaging in systemic diseases, and novel 3D techniques.
Contains more than 1,200 updated images: echocardiograms (including 2D, 3D, and Doppler), diagrams, anatomic drawings, algorithmic drawings, and more.
Provides access to nearly 600 full-motion echocardiography video clips.
Keeps you up to date with the latest echocardiography practice guidelines and advanced technologies.
1. 12. Introduction to Transesophageal Echocardiography: Indications, Risks, Complications, and Protocol - p. 79 2. 13. Transesophageal Echocardiography Tomographic Views - p. 82 3. 14. Applications of Transesophageal Echocardiography - p. 93 4. 15. Pitfalls and Artifacts in Transesophageal Echocardiography - p. 102 5. Section IV. Handheld Echocardiography - p. 106 6. 16. Cardiac Point-of-Care Ultrasound: Background, Instrumentation, and Technique - p. 107 7. 17. Focused Cardiac Ultrasound in Emergency Clinical Settings - p. 115 8. Section V. Contrast Echocardiography - p. 121 9. 18. Ultrasound-Enhancing Agents - p. 123 10. 19. Physical Properties of Microbubble Ultrasound Contrast Agents - p. 125.e1 11. 20. Applications of Ultrasound Contrast Agents - p. 129 12. 21. Use of Contrast in the Intensive Care Unit and Emergency Department - p. 134 13. 22. Technical Aspects of Contrast Echocardiography - p. 138 14. Section VI. Left Ventricular Systolic Function - p. 140 15. 23. Left Ventricular Systolic Function: Basic Principles - p. 141 16. 24. Global Left Ventricular Systolic Function: Ejection Fraction Versus Strain - p. 146 17. 25. Regional Left Ventricular Systolic Function - p. 149 18. 26. Myocardial Strain in Valvular Heart Disease - p. 155 19. Section VII. Right Heart - p. 162 20. 27. Right Ventricular Anatomy - p. 163 21. 28. The Physiologic Basis of Right Ventricular Echocardiography - p. 166 22. 29. Imaging the Right Heart: Limitations and Technical Considerations - p. 178 23. 30. Assessment of Right Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function - p. 185 24. 31. Right Ventricular Hemodynamics - p. 194 25. 32. The Right Atrium - p. 198 26. 33. Pulmonary Embolism - p. 202 27. Section VIII. Diastolic Function - p. 209 28. 34. Physiology of Diastole - p. 211 29. 35. Echo Doppler Parameters of Diastolic Function - p. 213 30. 36. Clinical Recommendations for Echocardiography Laboratories for Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function and Filling Pressures - p. 221 31. 37. Causes of Diastolic Dysfunction - p. 224 32. Section IX. Left Atrium - p. 230 33. 38. Assessment of Left Atrial Size - p. 231 34. 39. Assessment of Left Atrial Function - p. 237 35. Section X. Ischemic Heart Disease - p. 241 36. 40. Ischemic Heart Disease: Which Test to Use? - p. 243 37. 41. Ischemic Heart Disease: Basic Principles - p. 249 38. 42. Acute Chest Pain Syndromes: Differential Diagnosis - p. 251 39. 43. Echocardiography in Acute Myocardial Infarction - p. 256 40. 44. Echocardiography in Stable Coronary Artery Disease - p. 260 41. 45. Old Myocardial Infarction - p. 263 42. 46. End-Stage Cardiomyopathy Due to Coronary Artery Disease - p. 270 43. 47. Coronary Artery Anomalies - p. 274 44. 48. Coronary Artery Imaging - p. 282 45. Section XI. Stress Echocardiography - p. 286 46. 49. Effects of Exercise, Pharmacologic Stress, and Pacing on the Cardiovascular System - p. 287 47. 50. Diagnostic Criteria and Accuracy - p. 290 48. 51. Stress Echocardiography: Methodology - p. 296 49. 52. Stress Echocardiography: Image Acquisition - p. 298 50. 53. Stress Echocardiography: Prognosis - p. 301 51. 54. Echocardiography for the Assessment of Myocardial Viability in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy - p. 305 52. 55. Ultrasound-Enhanced Stress Echocardiography - p. 308 53. 56. Stress Echocardiography for Valve Disease: Aortic Regurgitation and Mitral Stenosis - p. 317 54. 57. Stress Echocardiography: Comparison With Other Techniques - p. 321 55. Section XII. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathies - p. 325 56. 58. Pathophysiology and Variants of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - p. 327 57. 59. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology, Functional Features, and Treatment of Outflow Tract Obstruction - p. 334 58. 60. Differential of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Versus Secondary Conditions That Mimic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - p. 339 59. 61. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Assessment of Therapy - p. 347 60. 62. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Screening of Relatives - p. 351 61. 63. Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - p. 354 62. 64. The Role of Echocardiography in the Screening and Evaluation of Athletes - p. 361 63. 65. Echocardiographic Assessment of Myocarditis - p. 367 64. Section XIII. Dilated and Other Cardiomyopathies - p. 371 65. 66. Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Echocardiographic Evaluation - p. 373 66. 67. Echocardiographic Predictors of Outcome in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy - p. 378 67. 68. Right Ventricle in Dilated Cardiomyopathy - p. 382 68. 69. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: Classification - p. 386 69. 70. Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy - p. 388 70. 71. Hereditary and Acquired Infiltrative Cardiomyopathy - p. 391 71. 72. Endomyocardial Fibrosis - p. 396 72. 73. Restriction Versus Constriction - p. 403 73. 74. Echocardiography in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy - p. 409 74. 75. Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - p. 413 75. 76. Familial Cardiomyopathies - p. 417 76. 77. Echocardiography in Cor Pulmonale and Pulmonary Heart Disease - p. 422 77. Section XIV. Aortic Stenosis - p. 427 78. 78. Aortic Stenosis Morphology - p. 429 79. 79. Quantification of Aortic Stenosis Severity - p. 441 80. 80. Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis - p. 455 81. 81. Aortic Stenosis: Risk Stratification and Timing of Surgery - p. 460 82. 82. Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis With Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction - p. 464 83. 83. Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis With Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction - p. 468 84. 84. Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis - p. 473 85. 85. Subaortic Stenosis - p. 477 86. Section XV. Aortic Regurgitation - p. 482 87. 86. Aortic Regurgitation: Etiologies and Left Ventricular Responses - p. 483 88. 87. Aortic Regurgitation: Pathophysiology - p. 487 89. 88. Quantitation of Aortic Regurgitation - p. 490 90. 89. Risk Stratification: Timing of Surgery and Percutaneous Interventions for Aortic Regurgitation - p. 495 91. Section XVI. Mitral Stenosis - p. 497 92. 90. Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis - p. 499 93. 91. Quantification of Mitral Stenosis - p. 504 94. 92. Nonrheumatic Etiologies of Mitral Stenosis: Situations That Mimic Mitral Stenosis - p. 509 95. 93. Role of Hemodynamic Stress Testing in Mitral Stenosis - p. 512 96. 94. Consequences of Mitral Stenosis - p. 515 97. Section XVII. Mitral Regurgitation - p. 520 98. 95. Etiologies and Mechanisms of Mitral Valve Dysfunction - p. 521 99. 96. Mitral Valve Prolapse - p. 524 100. 97. Secondary Mitral Regurgitation - p. 530 101. 98. Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation - p. 536 102. 99. Asymptomatic Severe Mitral Regurgitation - p. 542 103. 100. Role of Exercise Stress Testing in Mitral Regurgitation - p. 543 104. Section XVIII. Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valve Disease - p. 549 105. 101. Tricuspid Valve Complex: Anatomy by Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Echocardiography - p. 551 106. 102. Epidemiology, Etiology, and Natural History of Tricuspid Regurgitation - p. 557 107. 103. Quantification of Tricuspid Regurgitation - p. 561 108. 104. Indications for Tricuspid Valve Intervention - p. 569 109. 105. Imaging for Surgical and Percutaneous Tricuspid Valve Procedures - p. 572 110. 106. Device Lead–Associated Tricuspid Regurgitation - p. 581 111. 107. Pulmonic Regurgitation: Etiology and Quantification - p. 585 112. 108. Tricuspid and Pulmonic Stenosis - p. 587 113. Section XIX. Prosthetic Valves - p. 593 114. 109. Classification of Prosthetic Valve Types and Fluid Dynamics - p. 595 115. 110. Aortic Prosthetic Valves - p. 605 116. 111. Mitral Prosthetic Valves - p. 612 117. 112. Mitral Valve Repair - p. 618 118. 113. Tricuspid and Pulmonic Prosthetic Valves - p. 622 119. Section XX. Infective Endocarditis - p. 628 120. 114. Infective Endocarditis: Role of Transthoracic Versus Transesophageal Echocardiography - p. 629 121. 115. Echocardiography for Prediction of Cardioembolic Risk - p. 632 122. 116. Limitations and Technical Considerations in Infective Endocarditis - p. 638 123. 117. Echocardiography and Decision Making for Surgery - p. 644 124. 118. Intraoperative Echocardiography in Infective Endocarditis - p. 648 125. Section XXI. Pericardial Disease - p. 650 126. 119. Normal Pericardial Anatomy - p. 651 127. 120. Pericarditis - p. 655 128. 121. Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade - p. 658 129. 122. Constrictive Pericarditis - p. 663 130. 123. Effusive Constrictive Pericarditis - p. 667 131. 124. Pericardial Cysts and Congenital Absence of the Pericardium - p. 670 132. Section XXII. Tumors and Masses - p. 673 133. 125. Primary Benign, Malignant, and Metastatic Tumors of the Heart - p. 675 134. 126. Left Ventricular Thrombus - p. 682 135. 127. Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus - p. 686 136. 128. Right Heart Thrombi - p. 691 137. 129. Normal Anatomic Variants and Artifacts - p. 699 138. Section XXIII. Diseases of the Aorta - p. 708 139. 130. Aortic Atherosclerosis and Embolic Events - p. 709 140. 131. Aortic Aneurysm - p. 712 141. 132. Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm - p. 716 142. 133. Aortic Dissection - p. 721 143. 134. Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer and Intramural Hematoma - p. 728 144. 135. Blunt Aortic Trauma - p. 735 145. 136. Intraoperative Echocardiography - p. 741 146. 137. Postoperative Echocardiography of the Aorta - p. 744 147. 138. Aortitis - p. 749 148. Section XXIV. Adult Congenital Heart Diseases - p. 754 149. 139. Congenital Heart Disease: Basic Principles - p. 755 150. 140. Systematic Approach to Adult Congenital Heart Disease - p. 757 151. 141. Common Congenital Heart Defects Associated With Left-to-Right Shunts - p. 764 152. 142. Obstructive Lesions - p. 774 153. 143. The Adult With Unrepaired Complex Congenital Heart Defects - p. 779 154. 144. Adult Congenital Heart Disease With Prior Surgical Repair - p. 787 155. Section XXV. Systemic Diseases - p. 794 156. 145. Hypertension - p. 795 157. 146. Diabetes Mellitus - p. 799 158. 147. End-Stage Renal Disease - p. 803 159. 148. Obesity - p. 808 160. 149. Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease - p. 811 161. 150. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - p. 815 162. 151. Antiphospholipid Syndrome - p. 819 163. 152. Carcinoid Heart Disease - p. 822 164. 153. Amyloid - p. 825 165. 154. Sarcoidosis - p. 828 166. 155. Cardiac Involvement in Hypereosinophilic Syndrome - p. 832 167. 156. Endocrine Disease - p. 835 168. 157. Chagas Cardiomyopathy - p. 839 169. 158. Sickle Cell Disease - p. 843 170. 159. Human Immunodeficiency Virus - p. 846 171. 160. Cardiotoxic Effects of Cancer Therapy - p. 849 172. 161. Pregnancy and the Heart - p. 857 173. 162. Cocaine - p. 865 174. 163. Incidental Noncardiovascular Findings on Echocardiography - p. 867 175. Section XXVI. Interventional Echocardiography - p. 873 176. 164. Evaluation of Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement - p. 875 177. 165. Mitral Valve Balloon Valvuloplasty - p. 881 178. 166. Percutaneous Mitral Edge-to-Edge Repair - p. 893 179. 167. Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement - p. 899 180. 168. Transcatheter Valve-in-Valve Implantation - p. 902 181. 169. Atrial and Ventricular Septal Defect Closure - p. 905 182. 170. Transcatheter Closure of Cardiac Pseudoaneurysms - p. 911 183. 171. Echocardiographic Imaging of Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion - p. 915 184. 172. Periprosthetic Leaks - p. 924 185. 173. Echocardiography-Guided Biopsy of Intracardiac Masses - p. 932 186. 174. Vacuum Extraction of Intracardiac Masses - p. 934 187. Section XXVII. Echocardiography in Heart Failure - p. 939 188. 175. Systematic Echocardiographic Approach to Left Ventricular Assist Device Therapy - p. 941 189. 176. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Impella, and Other Circulatory Mechanical Support - p. 949 190. 177. Post Heart Transplant Echocardiographic Evaluation - p. 956 191. 178. Pulmonary Hypertension - p. 963 192. 179. Echocardiography in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction - p. 969 193. Index - p. 975
Edited by a team of leading echocardiography experts and endorsed by the American Society of Echocardiography, ASE’S Comprehensive Echocardiography, 3rd Edition, covers the full spectrum of sonography of the heart in one succinct, authoritative resource. This highly regarded text provides must-know information on everything from basic foundations and principles to clinical application, written and edited by ASE members with expertise in each specific area. Case studies, numerous tables, high-quality images and videos highlight the latest uses of echocardiography, including the most recent 2D and 3D advances.
Discusses all the latest methods to assess cardiac chamber size and function, valvular stenosis/regurgitation, cardiomyopathies, coronary artery disease, complications of myocardial infarction, and other cardiac pathologies.
Covers recent advances in critical care echocardiography, cardio-oncology, structural heart disease, interventional/intraoperative echocardiography, strain imaging of left and right heart chambers, multimodality imaging in systemic diseases, and novel 3D techniques.
Contains more than 1,200 updated images: echocardiograms (including 2D, 3D, and Doppler), diagrams, anatomic drawings, algorithmic drawings, and more.
Provides access to nearly 600 full-motion echocardiography video clips.
Keeps you up to date with the latest echocardiography practice guidelines and advanced technologies.
1. 12. Introduction to Transesophageal Echocardiography: Indications, Risks, Complications, and Protocol - p. 79 2. 13. Transesophageal Echocardiography Tomographic Views - p. 82 3. 14. Applications of Transesophageal Echocardiography - p. 93 4. 15. Pitfalls and Artifacts in Transesophageal Echocardiography - p. 102 5. Section IV. Handheld Echocardiography - p. 106 6. 16. Cardiac Point-of-Care Ultrasound: Background, Instrumentation, and Technique - p. 107 7. 17. Focused Cardiac Ultrasound in Emergency Clinical Settings - p. 115 8. Section V. Contrast Echocardiography - p. 121 9. 18. Ultrasound-Enhancing Agents - p. 123 10. 19. Physical Properties of Microbubble Ultrasound Contrast Agents - p. 125.e1 11. 20. Applications of Ultrasound Contrast Agents - p. 129 12. 21. Use of Contrast in the Intensive Care Unit and Emergency Department - p. 134 13. 22. Technical Aspects of Contrast Echocardiography - p. 138 14. Section VI. Left Ventricular Systolic Function - p. 140 15. 23. Left Ventricular Systolic Function: Basic Principles - p. 141 16. 24. Global Left Ventricular Systolic Function: Ejection Fraction Versus Strain - p. 146 17. 25. Regional Left Ventricular Systolic Function - p. 149 18. 26. Myocardial Strain in Valvular Heart Disease - p. 155 19. Section VII. Right Heart - p. 162 20. 27. Right Ventricular Anatomy - p. 163 21. 28. The Physiologic Basis of Right Ventricular Echocardiography - p. 166 22. 29. Imaging the Right Heart: Limitations and Technical Considerations - p. 178 23. 30. Assessment of Right Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function - p. 185 24. 31. Right Ventricular Hemodynamics - p. 194 25. 32. The Right Atrium - p. 198 26. 33. Pulmonary Embolism - p. 202 27. Section VIII. Diastolic Function - p. 209 28. 34. Physiology of Diastole - p. 211 29. 35. Echo Doppler Parameters of Diastolic Function - p. 213 30. 36. Clinical Recommendations for Echocardiography Laboratories for Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function and Filling Pressures - p. 221 31. 37. Causes of Diastolic Dysfunction - p. 224 32. Section IX. Left Atrium - p. 230 33. 38. Assessment of Left Atrial Size - p. 231 34. 39. Assessment of Left Atrial Function - p. 237 35. Section X. Ischemic Heart Disease - p. 241 36. 40. Ischemic Heart Disease: Which Test to Use? - p. 243 37. 41. Ischemic Heart Disease: Basic Principles - p. 249 38. 42. Acute Chest Pain Syndromes: Differential Diagnosis - p. 251 39. 43. Echocardiography in Acute Myocardial Infarction - p. 256 40. 44. Echocardiography in Stable Coronary Artery Disease - p. 260 41. 45. Old Myocardial Infarction - p. 263 42. 46. End-Stage Cardiomyopathy Due to Coronary Artery Disease - p. 270 43. 47. Coronary Artery Anomalies - p. 274 44. 48. Coronary Artery Imaging - p. 282 45. Section XI. Stress Echocardiography - p. 286 46. 49. Effects of Exercise, Pharmacologic Stress, and Pacing on the Cardiovascular System - p. 287 47. 50. Diagnostic Criteria and Accuracy - p. 290 48. 51. Stress Echocardiography: Methodology - p. 296 49. 52. Stress Echocardiography: Image Acquisition - p. 298 50. 53. Stress Echocardiography: Prognosis - p. 301 51. 54. Echocardiography for the Assessment of Myocardial Viability in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy - p. 305 52. 55. Ultrasound-Enhanced Stress Echocardiography - p. 308 53. 56. Stress Echocardiography for Valve Disease: Aortic Regurgitation and Mitral Stenosis - p. 317 54. 57. Stress Echocardiography: Comparison With Other Techniques - p. 321 55. Section XII. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathies - p. 325 56. 58. Pathophysiology and Variants of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - p. 327 57. 59. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology, Functional Features, and Treatment of Outflow Tract Obstruction - p. 334 58. 60. Differential of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Versus Secondary Conditions That Mimic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - p. 339 59. 61. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Assessment of Therapy - p. 347 60. 62. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Screening of Relatives - p. 351 61. 63. Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - p. 354 62. 64. The Role of Echocardiography in the Screening and Evaluation of Athletes - p. 361 63. 65. Echocardiographic Assessment of Myocarditis - p. 367 64. Section XIII. Dilated and Other Cardiomyopathies - p. 371 65. 66. Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Echocardiographic Evaluation - p. 373 66. 67. Echocardiographic Predictors of Outcome in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy - p. 378 67. 68. Right Ventricle in Dilated Cardiomyopathy - p. 382 68. 69. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: Classification - p. 386 69. 70. Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy - p. 388 70. 71. Hereditary and Acquired Infiltrative Cardiomyopathy - p. 391 71. 72. Endomyocardial Fibrosis - p. 396 72. 73. Restriction Versus Constriction - p. 403 73. 74. Echocardiography in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy - p. 409 74. 75. Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - p. 413 75. 76. Familial Cardiomyopathies - p. 417 76. 77. Echocardiography in Cor Pulmonale and Pulmonary Heart Disease - p. 422 77. Section XIV. Aortic Stenosis - p. 427 78. 78. Aortic Stenosis Morphology - p. 429 79. 79. Quantification of Aortic Stenosis Severity - p. 441 80. 80. Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis - p. 455 81. 81. Aortic Stenosis: Risk Stratification and Timing of Surgery - p. 460 82. 82. Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis With Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction - p. 464 83. 83. Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis With Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction - p. 468 84. 84. Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis - p. 473 85. 85. Subaortic Stenosis - p. 477 86. Section XV. Aortic Regurgitation - p. 482 87. 86. Aortic Regurgitation: Etiologies and Left Ventricular Responses - p. 483 88. 87. Aortic Regurgitation: Pathophysiology - p. 487 89. 88. Quantitation of Aortic Regurgitation - p. 490 90. 89. Risk Stratification: Timing of Surgery and Percutaneous Interventions for Aortic Regurgitation - p. 495 91. Section XVI. Mitral Stenosis - p. 497 92. 90. Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis - p. 499 93. 91. Quantification of Mitral Stenosis - p. 504 94. 92. Nonrheumatic Etiologies of Mitral Stenosis: Situations That Mimic Mitral Stenosis - p. 509 95. 93. Role of Hemodynamic Stress Testing in Mitral Stenosis - p. 512 96. 94. Consequences of Mitral Stenosis - p. 515 97. Section XVII. Mitral Regurgitation - p. 520 98. 95. Etiologies and Mechanisms of Mitral Valve Dysfunction - p. 521 99. 96. Mitral Valve Prolapse - p. 524 100. 97. Secondary Mitral Regurgitation - p. 530 101. 98. Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation - p. 536 102. 99. Asymptomatic Severe Mitral Regurgitation - p. 542 103. 100. Role of Exercise Stress Testing in Mitral Regurgitation - p. 543 104. Section XVIII. Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valve Disease - p. 549 105. 101. Tricuspid Valve Complex: Anatomy by Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Echocardiography - p. 551 106. 102. Epidemiology, Etiology, and Natural History of Tricuspid Regurgitation - p. 557 107. 103. Quantification of Tricuspid Regurgitation - p. 561 108. 104. Indications for Tricuspid Valve Intervention - p. 569 109. 105. Imaging for Surgical and Percutaneous Tricuspid Valve Procedures - p. 572 110. 106. Device Lead–Associated Tricuspid Regurgitation - p. 581 111. 107. Pulmonic Regurgitation: Etiology and Quantification - p. 585 112. 108. Tricuspid and Pulmonic Stenosis - p. 587 113. Section XIX. Prosthetic Valves - p. 593 114. 109. Classification of Prosthetic Valve Types and Fluid Dynamics - p. 595 115. 110. Aortic Prosthetic Valves - p. 605 116. 111. Mitral Prosthetic Valves - p. 612 117. 112. Mitral Valve Repair - p. 618 118. 113. Tricuspid and Pulmonic Prosthetic Valves - p. 622 119. Section XX. Infective Endocarditis - p. 628 120. 114. Infective Endocarditis: Role of Transthoracic Versus Transesophageal Echocardiography - p. 629 121. 115. Echocardiography for Prediction of Cardioembolic Risk - p. 632 122. 116. Limitations and Technical Considerations in Infective Endocarditis - p. 638 123. 117. Echocardiography and Decision Making for Surgery - p. 644 124. 118. Intraoperative Echocardiography in Infective Endocarditis - p. 648 125. Section XXI. Pericardial Disease - p. 650 126. 119. Normal Pericardial Anatomy - p. 651 127. 120. Pericarditis - p. 655 128. 121. Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade - p. 658 129. 122. Constrictive Pericarditis - p. 663 130. 123. Effusive Constrictive Pericarditis - p. 667 131. 124. Pericardial Cysts and Congenital Absence of the Pericardium - p. 670 132. Section XXII. Tumors and Masses - p. 673 133. 125. Primary Benign, Malignant, and Metastatic Tumors of the Heart - p. 675 134. 126. Left Ventricular Thrombus - p. 682 135. 127. Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus - p. 686 136. 128. Right Heart Thrombi - p. 691 137. 129. Normal Anatomic Variants and Artifacts - p. 699 138. Section XXIII. Diseases of the Aorta - p. 708 139. 130. Aortic Atherosclerosis and Embolic Events - p. 709 140. 131. Aortic Aneurysm - p. 712 141. 132. Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm - p. 716 142. 133. Aortic Dissection - p. 721 143. 134. Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer and Intramural Hematoma - p. 728 144. 135. Blunt Aortic Trauma - p. 735 145. 136. Intraoperative Echocardiography - p. 741 146. 137. Postoperative Echocardiography of the Aorta - p. 744 147. 138. Aortitis - p. 749 148. Section XXIV. Adult Congenital Heart Diseases - p. 754 149. 139. Congenital Heart Disease: Basic Principles - p. 755 150. 140. Systematic Approach to Adult Congenital Heart Disease - p. 757 151. 141. Common Congenital Heart Defects Associated With Left-to-Right Shunts - p. 764 152. 142. Obstructive Lesions - p. 774 153. 143. The Adult With Unrepaired Complex Congenital Heart Defects - p. 779 154. 144. Adult Congenital Heart Disease With Prior Surgical Repair - p. 787 155. Section XXV. Systemic Diseases - p. 794 156. 145. Hypertension - p. 795 157. 146. Diabetes Mellitus - p. 799 158. 147. End-Stage Renal Disease - p. 803 159. 148. Obesity - p. 808 160. 149. Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease - p. 811 161. 150. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - p. 815 162. 151. Antiphospholipid Syndrome - p. 819 163. 152. Carcinoid Heart Disease - p. 822 164. 153. Amyloid - p. 825 165. 154. Sarcoidosis - p. 828 166. 155. Cardiac Involvement in Hypereosinophilic Syndrome - p. 832 167. 156. Endocrine Disease - p. 835 168. 157. Chagas Cardiomyopathy - p. 839 169. 158. Sickle Cell Disease - p. 843 170. 159. Human Immunodeficiency Virus - p. 846 171. 160. Cardiotoxic Effects of Cancer Therapy - p. 849 172. 161. Pregnancy and the Heart - p. 857 173. 162. Cocaine - p. 865 174. 163. Incidental Noncardiovascular Findings on Echocardiography - p. 867 175. Section XXVI. Interventional Echocardiography - p. 873 176. 164. Evaluation of Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement - p. 875 177. 165. Mitral Valve Balloon Valvuloplasty - p. 881 178. 166. Percutaneous Mitral Edge-to-Edge Repair - p. 893 179. 167. Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement - p. 899 180. 168. Transcatheter Valve-in-Valve Implantation - p. 902 181. 169. Atrial and Ventricular Septal Defect Closure - p. 905 182. 170. Transcatheter Closure of Cardiac Pseudoaneurysms - p. 911 183. 171. Echocardiographic Imaging of Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion - p. 915 184. 172. Periprosthetic Leaks - p. 924 185. 173. Echocardiography-Guided Biopsy of Intracardiac Masses - p. 932 186. 174. Vacuum Extraction of Intracardiac Masses - p. 934 187. Section XXVII. Echocardiography in Heart Failure - p. 939 188. 175. Systematic Echocardiographic Approach to Left Ventricular Assist Device Therapy - p. 941 189. 176. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Impella, and Other Circulatory Mechanical Support - p. 949 190. 177. Post Heart Transplant Echocardiographic Evaluation - p. 956 191. 178. Pulmonary Hypertension - p. 963 192. 179. Echocardiography in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction - p. 969 193. Index - p. 975
