Combining the in-depth coverage of a text with the practicality of a clinical manual and the visual detail of an atlas, Avian Medicine, 3rd Edition is the complete, all-in-one guide to every aspect of avian care. Written by some of the world's leading authorities in avian medicine, this highly illustrated reference covers a wide variety of avian species — including psittacines, raptors, bustards, parrots, finches, and more. Comprehensive coverage includes issues ranging from the basic aspects of patient management to the most sophisticated diagnostic techniques. Plus, with more illustrations, a wealth of practical advice, and the latest information on cutting-edge treatments and procedures incorporated into this new edition, today’s general clinician will be fully equipped to effectively and confidently care for all birds.
1. Introduction - p. 124 2. Sampling and Processing - p. 124 3. General Points - p. 125 4. Interpretation - p. 127 5. Examples of Avian Cytologic Findings - p. 128 6. Negative Findings - p. 128 7. Acknowledgements - p. 129 8. References - p. 129 9. Radiology Units - p. 130 10. Screens, Cassettes, and Films - p. 130 11. Digital Radiology Units - p. 130 12. Restraint and Positioning - p. 131 13. Conventional Radiography - p. 136 14. Magnification Radiography - p. 136 15. Radiographic Contrast Study - p. 136 16. Radiographic Interpretation - p. 139 17. Interpretation of Radiographic Findings - p. 140 18. References - p. 146 19. Fluoroscopy Equipment and Advantages - p. 147 20. Fluoroscopy Applications in Avian Medicine - p. 148 21. Acknowledgments - p. 152 22. References - p. 152 23. Technical Equipment - p. 153 24. Patient Preparation, Approaches, and Examination Procedure - p. 153 25. Organs and Organ Systems - p. 154 26. References - p. 160 27. Further Reading - p. 160 28. Computed Tomography - p. 161 29. Magnetic Resonance Imaging - p. 167 30. Scintigraphy - p. 167 31. Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography - p. 167 32. Positron Emission Tomography - p. 167 33. Conclusion - p. 167 34. References - p. 169 35. Equipment and Instrumentation - p. 170 36. Clinical and Surgical Applications - p. 170 37. Sex Determination of Monomorphic Species - p. 173 38. References - p. 177 39. 7 Anesthesia and Analgesia - p. 179 40. 8 Medical, Nursing, and Cosmetic Procedures - p. 204 41. Parenteral Administration - p. 204 42. Oral Administration - p. 206 43. Topical Administration - p. 206 44. Acknowledgment - p. 208 45. References - p. 208 46. Further Reading - p. 208 47. References - p. 209 48. Applied Physiology of Avian Body Fluids - p. 209 49. Technical Aspects of Fluid Therapy in Birds - p. 210 50. Types of Fluids and Indications - p. 211 51. The Fluid Therapy Plan - p. 213 52. Clinical Example - p. 214 53. References - p. 215 54. Additions to Oral Fluids - p. 216 55. References - p. 216 56. Nutritional Requirements - p. 216 57. Tube-Feeding Technique - p. 217 58. Enteral Nutritional Formulations - p. 217 59. References - p. 218 60. References - p. 221 61. References - p. 222 62. References - p. 224 63. Functions of Dressings and Bandages - p. 224 64. Other Characteristics of an Ideal Dressing - p. 224 65. Process of Selection - p. 225 66. Wound Assessment - p. 226 67. Management Objectives of Wound Treatment - p. 226 68. Care of Bandages - p. 229 69. Removal of Dressings - p. 229 70. Acknowledgments - p. 229 71. Further Reading - p. 229 72. Useful Websites - p. 230 73. References - p. 230 74. References - p. 231 75. Product Reference List - p. 231 76. References - p. 233 77. Further Reading - p. 233 78. References - p. 235 79. References - p. 236 80. Materials and Instruments Used for Imping - p. 237 81. Bent Feather Repair - p. 237 82. Partial Feather Replacement - p. 238 83. Total Feather Replacement - p. 239 84. References - p. 241 85. Trauma - p. 242 86. Deformities - p. 242 87. References - p. 244 88. 9 Trauma-Related Medical Conditions - p. 246 89. 10 Management-Related Medical Conditions - p. 260 90. 11 Soft Tissue Surgery - p. 294 91. 12 Orthopedic Surgery - p. 312 92. 13 Systemic Diseases - p. 359 93. Uropygial or Preen Gland - p. 362 94. Further Reading - p. 362 95. Metabolic Bone Disease - p. 362 96. Developmental Limb Disorders in Growing Birds - p. 366 97. References - p. 372 98. Beak - p. 373 99. Oral Cavity, Tongue, and Salivary Glands - p. 375 100. Esophagus and Crop - p. 375 101. Proventriculus and Ventriculus - p. 377 102. Intestines - p. 378 103. Cloaca - p. 379 104. Pancreas - p. 381 105. Liver - p. 382 106. References - p. 384 107. Further Reading - p. 385 108. Respiratory System Anatomy and Health Implications - p. 385 109. Clinical Presentation and Investigation of Respiratory Diseases - p. 385 110. Infectious Causative Agents - p. 386 111. NonInfectious Causative Agents - p. 388 112. Treatment of Respiratory Diseases - p. 393 113. References - p. 394 114. Further Reading - p. 395 115. Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System - p. 395 116. Etiology and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disorders - p. 395 117. History and Cardiovascular Examination - p. 396 118. Treatment - p. 403 119. References - p. 407 120. Thyroid Glands - p. 409 121. Parathyroid Glands - p. 410 122. Adrenal Glands - p. 411 123. Ultimobranchial Glands - p. 411 124. Hypophysis - p. 412 125. Pancreas - p. 412 126. Ovary - p. 414 127. Testes - p. 414 128. Acknowledgments - p. 415 129. References - p. 415 130. Reproductive Disorders of the Male Bird - p. 417 131. Reproductive Disorders of the Female - p. 418 132. References - p. 420 133. Anatomy of the Nervous System - p. 421 134. Etiology and Pathophysiology of Neurologic Disorders - p. 421 135. History and Neurologic Examination - p. 427 136. Diagnostic Testing - p. 427 137. References - p. 432 138. 14 Infectious Diseases - p. 434 139. Influenza - p. 437 140. Newcastle Disease - p. 440 141. Pneumovirus Infections - p. 443 142. Herpesvirus Infections - p. 443 143. Avian Pox - p. 448 144. References - p. 452 145. Further Reading - p. 452 146. Chlamydiosis - p. 452 147. Avian Tuberculosis - p. 453 148. Pseudotuberculosis (Yersiniosis) - p. 455 149. Salmonellosis - p. 456 150. Escherichia Coli Infections - p. 457 151. Pasteurellosis - p. 457 152. Other Bacterial Diseases - p. 458 153. References - p. 460 154. Aspergillosis - p. 460 155. Product Reference List - p. 471 156. Candidiasis - p. 471 157. Macrorhabdus Ornithogaster - p. 473 158. Acknowledgment - p. 477 159. Favus or Ringworm Infection - p. 477 160. Acknowledgments - p. 479 161. References - p. 479 162. Further Reading - p. 479 163. Protozoa - p. 472 164. Helminths - p. 483 165. Arthropods - p. 490 166. Pentastomida - p. 497 167. References - p. 498 168. Further Reading - p. 498 169. Plasmodium Species - p. 499 170. Haemoproteus Species - p. 500 171. Leucocytozoon Species - p. 502 172. Trypanosoma Species - p. 503 173. Hepatozoon Species - p. 503 174. Babesia Species - p. 504 175. Atoxoplasma Species - p. 504 176. Aegyptianella Species - p. 505 177. Microfilariae - p. 505 178. Discussion - p. 505 179. References - p. 506 180. Coccidial Diseases - p. 506 181. Atoxoplasmosis - p. 511 182. Trichomonosis - p. 513 183. Ascaridiosis - p. 514 184. Capillariidosis - p. 515 185. Syngamosis - p. 517 186. Northern and Red Mites - p. 518 187. Further Reading - p. 520 188. 15 Reproduction - p. 522 189. General Considerations - p. 522 190. Cooperative Method - p. 525 191. Massage Method - p. 526 192. Electrical Stimulation Method - p. 527 193. References - p. 528 194. Volume - p. 529 195. Color - p. 529 196. Density - p. 529 197. Ancillary Semen Analyses - p. 529 198. References - p. 530 199. Spermatozoa Concentration - p. 531 200. Manual - p. 531 201. Electronic - p. 532 202. Motility - p. 532 203. Spermatozoa Morphology - p. 533 204. Percentage of Live and Dead Spermatozoa - p. 533 205. Zona-Free Hamster Oocyte Penetration Assay - p. 534 206. References - p. 534 207. Technique - p. 535 208. Conclusion - p. 535 209. Further reading - p. 536 210. Technique - p. 537 211. Further Reading - p. 538 212. Semen Dilution - p. 538 213. Semen Cryopreservation - p. 538 214. References - p. 539 215. Further reading - p. 539 216. Natural Incubation - p. 539 217. Artificial Incubation - p. 542 218. Egg Formation and Structure - p. 542 219. Prerequisites for Artificial Incubation of Eggs - p. 542 220. Record Keeping - p. 543 221. Storing Eggs - p. 543 222. Incubators - p. 543 223. Incubation - p. 543 224. Egg Positioning and Turning - p. 545 225. Candling - p. 545 226. Hatch and Assisted Hatch - p. 546 227. Further Reading - p. 547 228. Rearing Methods and Behavioral Development - p. 547 229. Further Reading - p. 549 230. Preventive Medicine and Husbandry - p. 549 231. Pediatric History Evaluation - p. 553 232. Posthatching Care to Assisted Hatching Chicks - p. 553 233. Ringing - p. 554 234. Anesthesia of Chicks - p. 554 235. Yolk Sac Disorders - p. 554 236. Yolk Sac Infection - p. 554 237. Musculoskeletal Disorders - p. 554 238. Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders - p. 555 239. Cloacal Prolapse - p. 556 240. Crop Stasis - p. 556 241. Crop Burns - p. 556 242. Stargazing - p. 556 243. Infectious Diseases - p. 556 244. Probiotics - p. 557 245. Antibiotics - p. 557 246. Biosecurity and Sources of Infection - p. 557 247. Environmental Factors - p. 557 248. Fungal Gastritis - p. 557 249. Avipox Virus - p. 557 250. Polyomavirus (Budgerigar Fledgling Disease) - p. 557 251. Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease - p. 557 252. Chlamydiosis - p. 557 253. Congenital Problems - p. 557 254. References - p. 558 255. Primordial Germ Cell Biology - p. 559 256. Production of Germline Chimera - p. 562 257. Identification of Avian Germline Chimera and Progeny Test - p. 563 258. Application of Germline Chimera Technology in Conserving Genetically Endangered Avian Species - p. 563 259. References - p. 565 260. 16 Postmortem Examination - p. 567 261. 17 Forensic Investigations in Avian Medicine - p. 582 262. Appendix 1 Hematology Reference Values Table for Selected Avian Species - p. 586 263. Appendix 2 Blood Chemistry Reference Values for Selected Avian Species - p. 603 264. Appendix 3 Selected Avian Literature - p. 628 265. Appendix 4 Legislation and Codes of Practice Relevant to Avian Medicine - p. 630 266. Appendix 5 Organizations and Electronic Resources Relating to Avian Medicine - p. 635 267. Appendix 6 Pharmaceutical Products Commonly Used in Avian Medicine - p. 637 268. Index - p. 679
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Combining the in-depth coverage of a text with the practicality of a clinical manual and the visual detail of an atlas, Avian Medicine, 3rd Edition is the complete, all-in-one guide to every aspect of avian care. Written by some of the world's leading authorities in avian medicine, this highly illustrated reference covers a wide variety of avian species — including psittacines, raptors, bustards, parrots, finches, and more. Comprehensive coverage includes issues ranging from the basic aspects of patient management to the most sophisticated diagnostic techniques. Plus, with more illustrations, a wealth of practical advice, and the latest information on cutting-edge treatments and procedures incorporated into this new edition, today’s general clinician will be fully equipped to effectively and confidently care for all birds.
1. Introduction - p. 124 2. Sampling and Processing - p. 124 3. General Points - p. 125 4. Interpretation - p. 127 5. Examples of Avian Cytologic Findings - p. 128 6. Negative Findings - p. 128 7. Acknowledgements - p. 129 8. References - p. 129 9. Radiology Units - p. 130 10. Screens, Cassettes, and Films - p. 130 11. Digital Radiology Units - p. 130 12. Restraint and Positioning - p. 131 13. Conventional Radiography - p. 136 14. Magnification Radiography - p. 136 15. Radiographic Contrast Study - p. 136 16. Radiographic Interpretation - p. 139 17. Interpretation of Radiographic Findings - p. 140 18. References - p. 146 19. Fluoroscopy Equipment and Advantages - p. 147 20. Fluoroscopy Applications in Avian Medicine - p. 148 21. Acknowledgments - p. 152 22. References - p. 152 23. Technical Equipment - p. 153 24. Patient Preparation, Approaches, and Examination Procedure - p. 153 25. Organs and Organ Systems - p. 154 26. References - p. 160 27. Further Reading - p. 160 28. Computed Tomography - p. 161 29. Magnetic Resonance Imaging - p. 167 30. Scintigraphy - p. 167 31. Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography - p. 167 32. Positron Emission Tomography - p. 167 33. Conclusion - p. 167 34. References - p. 169 35. Equipment and Instrumentation - p. 170 36. Clinical and Surgical Applications - p. 170 37. Sex Determination of Monomorphic Species - p. 173 38. References - p. 177 39. 7 Anesthesia and Analgesia - p. 179 40. 8 Medical, Nursing, and Cosmetic Procedures - p. 204 41. Parenteral Administration - p. 204 42. Oral Administration - p. 206 43. Topical Administration - p. 206 44. Acknowledgment - p. 208 45. References - p. 208 46. Further Reading - p. 208 47. References - p. 209 48. Applied Physiology of Avian Body Fluids - p. 209 49. Technical Aspects of Fluid Therapy in Birds - p. 210 50. Types of Fluids and Indications - p. 211 51. The Fluid Therapy Plan - p. 213 52. Clinical Example - p. 214 53. References - p. 215 54. Additions to Oral Fluids - p. 216 55. References - p. 216 56. Nutritional Requirements - p. 216 57. Tube-Feeding Technique - p. 217 58. Enteral Nutritional Formulations - p. 217 59. References - p. 218 60. References - p. 221 61. References - p. 222 62. References - p. 224 63. Functions of Dressings and Bandages - p. 224 64. Other Characteristics of an Ideal Dressing - p. 224 65. Process of Selection - p. 225 66. Wound Assessment - p. 226 67. Management Objectives of Wound Treatment - p. 226 68. Care of Bandages - p. 229 69. Removal of Dressings - p. 229 70. Acknowledgments - p. 229 71. Further Reading - p. 229 72. Useful Websites - p. 230 73. References - p. 230 74. References - p. 231 75. Product Reference List - p. 231 76. References - p. 233 77. Further Reading - p. 233 78. References - p. 235 79. References - p. 236 80. Materials and Instruments Used for Imping - p. 237 81. Bent Feather Repair - p. 237 82. Partial Feather Replacement - p. 238 83. Total Feather Replacement - p. 239 84. References - p. 241 85. Trauma - p. 242 86. Deformities - p. 242 87. References - p. 244 88. 9 Trauma-Related Medical Conditions - p. 246 89. 10 Management-Related Medical Conditions - p. 260 90. 11 Soft Tissue Surgery - p. 294 91. 12 Orthopedic Surgery - p. 312 92. 13 Systemic Diseases - p. 359 93. Uropygial or Preen Gland - p. 362 94. Further Reading - p. 362 95. Metabolic Bone Disease - p. 362 96. Developmental Limb Disorders in Growing Birds - p. 366 97. References - p. 372 98. Beak - p. 373 99. Oral Cavity, Tongue, and Salivary Glands - p. 375 100. Esophagus and Crop - p. 375 101. Proventriculus and Ventriculus - p. 377 102. Intestines - p. 378 103. Cloaca - p. 379 104. Pancreas - p. 381 105. Liver - p. 382 106. References - p. 384 107. Further Reading - p. 385 108. Respiratory System Anatomy and Health Implications - p. 385 109. Clinical Presentation and Investigation of Respiratory Diseases - p. 385 110. Infectious Causative Agents - p. 386 111. NonInfectious Causative Agents - p. 388 112. Treatment of Respiratory Diseases - p. 393 113. References - p. 394 114. Further Reading - p. 395 115. Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System - p. 395 116. Etiology and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disorders - p. 395 117. History and Cardiovascular Examination - p. 396 118. Treatment - p. 403 119. References - p. 407 120. Thyroid Glands - p. 409 121. Parathyroid Glands - p. 410 122. Adrenal Glands - p. 411 123. Ultimobranchial Glands - p. 411 124. Hypophysis - p. 412 125. Pancreas - p. 412 126. Ovary - p. 414 127. Testes - p. 414 128. Acknowledgments - p. 415 129. References - p. 415 130. Reproductive Disorders of the Male Bird - p. 417 131. Reproductive Disorders of the Female - p. 418 132. References - p. 420 133. Anatomy of the Nervous System - p. 421 134. Etiology and Pathophysiology of Neurologic Disorders - p. 421 135. History and Neurologic Examination - p. 427 136. Diagnostic Testing - p. 427 137. References - p. 432 138. 14 Infectious Diseases - p. 434 139. Influenza - p. 437 140. Newcastle Disease - p. 440 141. Pneumovirus Infections - p. 443 142. Herpesvirus Infections - p. 443 143. Avian Pox - p. 448 144. References - p. 452 145. Further Reading - p. 452 146. Chlamydiosis - p. 452 147. Avian Tuberculosis - p. 453 148. Pseudotuberculosis (Yersiniosis) - p. 455 149. Salmonellosis - p. 456 150. Escherichia Coli Infections - p. 457 151. Pasteurellosis - p. 457 152. Other Bacterial Diseases - p. 458 153. References - p. 460 154. Aspergillosis - p. 460 155. Product Reference List - p. 471 156. Candidiasis - p. 471 157. Macrorhabdus Ornithogaster - p. 473 158. Acknowledgment - p. 477 159. Favus or Ringworm Infection - p. 477 160. Acknowledgments - p. 479 161. References - p. 479 162. Further Reading - p. 479 163. Protozoa - p. 472 164. Helminths - p. 483 165. Arthropods - p. 490 166. Pentastomida - p. 497 167. References - p. 498 168. Further Reading - p. 498 169. Plasmodium Species - p. 499 170. Haemoproteus Species - p. 500 171. Leucocytozoon Species - p. 502 172. Trypanosoma Species - p. 503 173. Hepatozoon Species - p. 503 174. Babesia Species - p. 504 175. Atoxoplasma Species - p. 504 176. Aegyptianella Species - p. 505 177. Microfilariae - p. 505 178. Discussion - p. 505 179. References - p. 506 180. Coccidial Diseases - p. 506 181. Atoxoplasmosis - p. 511 182. Trichomonosis - p. 513 183. Ascaridiosis - p. 514 184. Capillariidosis - p. 515 185. Syngamosis - p. 517 186. Northern and Red Mites - p. 518 187. Further Reading - p. 520 188. 15 Reproduction - p. 522 189. General Considerations - p. 522 190. Cooperative Method - p. 525 191. Massage Method - p. 526 192. Electrical Stimulation Method - p. 527 193. References - p. 528 194. Volume - p. 529 195. Color - p. 529 196. Density - p. 529 197. Ancillary Semen Analyses - p. 529 198. References - p. 530 199. Spermatozoa Concentration - p. 531 200. Manual - p. 531 201. Electronic - p. 532 202. Motility - p. 532 203. Spermatozoa Morphology - p. 533 204. Percentage of Live and Dead Spermatozoa - p. 533 205. Zona-Free Hamster Oocyte Penetration Assay - p. 534 206. References - p. 534 207. Technique - p. 535 208. Conclusion - p. 535 209. Further reading - p. 536 210. Technique - p. 537 211. Further Reading - p. 538 212. Semen Dilution - p. 538 213. Semen Cryopreservation - p. 538 214. References - p. 539 215. Further reading - p. 539 216. Natural Incubation - p. 539 217. Artificial Incubation - p. 542 218. Egg Formation and Structure - p. 542 219. Prerequisites for Artificial Incubation of Eggs - p. 542 220. Record Keeping - p. 543 221. Storing Eggs - p. 543 222. Incubators - p. 543 223. Incubation - p. 543 224. Egg Positioning and Turning - p. 545 225. Candling - p. 545 226. Hatch and Assisted Hatch - p. 546 227. Further Reading - p. 547 228. Rearing Methods and Behavioral Development - p. 547 229. Further Reading - p. 549 230. Preventive Medicine and Husbandry - p. 549 231. Pediatric History Evaluation - p. 553 232. Posthatching Care to Assisted Hatching Chicks - p. 553 233. Ringing - p. 554 234. Anesthesia of Chicks - p. 554 235. Yolk Sac Disorders - p. 554 236. Yolk Sac Infection - p. 554 237. Musculoskeletal Disorders - p. 554 238. Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders - p. 555 239. Cloacal Prolapse - p. 556 240. Crop Stasis - p. 556 241. Crop Burns - p. 556 242. Stargazing - p. 556 243. Infectious Diseases - p. 556 244. Probiotics - p. 557 245. Antibiotics - p. 557 246. Biosecurity and Sources of Infection - p. 557 247. Environmental Factors - p. 557 248. Fungal Gastritis - p. 557 249. Avipox Virus - p. 557 250. Polyomavirus (Budgerigar Fledgling Disease) - p. 557 251. Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease - p. 557 252. Chlamydiosis - p. 557 253. Congenital Problems - p. 557 254. References - p. 558 255. Primordial Germ Cell Biology - p. 559 256. Production of Germline Chimera - p. 562 257. Identification of Avian Germline Chimera and Progeny Test - p. 563 258. Application of Germline Chimera Technology in Conserving Genetically Endangered Avian Species - p. 563 259. References - p. 565 260. 16 Postmortem Examination - p. 567 261. 17 Forensic Investigations in Avian Medicine - p. 582 262. Appendix 1 Hematology Reference Values Table for Selected Avian Species - p. 586 263. Appendix 2 Blood Chemistry Reference Values for Selected Avian Species - p. 603 264. Appendix 3 Selected Avian Literature - p. 628 265. Appendix 4 Legislation and Codes of Practice Relevant to Avian Medicine - p. 630 266. Appendix 5 Organizations and Electronic Resources Relating to Avian Medicine - p. 635 267. Appendix 6 Pharmaceutical Products Commonly Used in Avian Medicine - p. 637 268. Index - p. 679
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