Biofuels for Aviation: Feedstocks, Technology and Implementation presents the issues surrounding the research and use of biofuels for aviation, such as policy, markets, certification and performance requirements, life cycle assessment, and the economic and technical barriers to their full implementation. Readers involved in bioenergy and aviation sectors—research, planning, or policy making activities—will benefit from this thorough overview.
The aviation industry’s commitment to reducing GHG emissions along with increasing oil prices have sparked the need for renewable and affordable energy sources tailored to this sector’s very specific needs. As jet engines cannot be readily electrified, turning to biofuels is the most viable option. However, aviation is a type of transportation for which traditional biofuels, such as bioethanol and biodiesel, do not fulfill key fuel requirements. Therefore, different solutions to this situation are being researched and tested around the globe, which makes navigating this scenario particularly challenging.
This book guides readers through this intricate subject, bringing them up to speed with its current status and future prospects both from the academic and the industry point of view. Science and technology chapters delve into the technical aspects of the currently tested and the most promising technology in development, as well as their respective feedstocks and the use of additives as a way of adapting them to meet certain specifications. Conversion processes such as hydrotreatment, synthetic biology, pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction and Fisher-Tropsch are explored and their results are assessed for current and future viability.
1. Cover image - p. Cover 2. Title page - p. iii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. List of Contributors - p. xi 6. Preface - p. xiii 7. Section I: An Overview of the Sector - p. xv 8. Chapter 1. The Prospects for Biofuels in Aviation - p. 3 9. Chapter 2. Feedstocks for Aviation Biofuels - p. 17 10. Chapter 3. Certification and Performance: What Is Needed from an Aviation Fuel? - p. 35 11. Section II: The Science and Technology of Developing Biofuels for Aviation - p. 43 12. Chapter 4. The Suitability of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) as Blending Agents in Jet A-1 - p. 47 13. Chapter 5. Aviation Biofuels Through Lipid Hydroprocessing - p. 85 14. Chapter 6. Low-Carbon Aviation Fuel Through the Alcohol to Jet Pathway - p. 109 15. Chapter 7. Metabolic Engineering Strategies to Convert Carbohydrates to Aviation Range Hydrocarbons - p. 151 16. Chapter 8. Pyrolysis of Biomass for Aviation Fuel - p. 191 17. Chapter 9. Towards an Aviation Fuel Through the Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae - p. 217 18. Chapter 10. Aviation Turbine Fuels Through the Fischer–Tropsch Process - p. 241 19. Chapter 11. Current and Potential Aviation Additives for Higher Biofuel Blends in Jet A-1 - p. 261 20. Section III: Testing, Assessment and the Future - p. 272 21. Chapter 12. Life Cycle Assessment of Biojet Fuels - p. 279 22. Chapter 13. Government Policy on Delivering Biofuels for the Aviation Sector - p. 295 23. Chapter 14. Sustainable Aviation: A UK Roadmap for Sustainable Aviation Fuels - p. 315 24. Chapter 15. Roadmap to a Sustainable Aviation Biofuel: A Brazilian Case Study - p. 339 25. Appendix A. Standard and Alternative Fuel Specifications - p. 351 26. Appendix B. Commercial Biofuel Flight Demonstrations (Data Collected by Innovate Washington 2013) - p. 360 27. Index - p. 359
Biofuels for Aviation: Feedstocks, Technology and Implementation presents the issues surrounding the research and use of biofuels for aviation, such as policy, markets, certification and performance requirements, life cycle assessment, and the economic and technical barriers to their full implementation. Readers involved in bioenergy and aviation sectors—research, planning, or policy making activities—will benefit from this thorough overview.
The aviation industry’s commitment to reducing GHG emissions along with increasing oil prices have sparked the need for renewable and affordable energy sources tailored to this sector’s very specific needs. As jet engines cannot be readily electrified, turning to biofuels is the most viable option. However, aviation is a type of transportation for which traditional biofuels, such as bioethanol and biodiesel, do not fulfill key fuel requirements. Therefore, different solutions to this situation are being researched and tested around the globe, which makes navigating this scenario particularly challenging.
This book guides readers through this intricate subject, bringing them up to speed with its current status and future prospects both from the academic and the industry point of view. Science and technology chapters delve into the technical aspects of the currently tested and the most promising technology in development, as well as their respective feedstocks and the use of additives as a way of adapting them to meet certain specifications. Conversion processes such as hydrotreatment, synthetic biology, pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction and Fisher-Tropsch are explored and their results are assessed for current and future viability.
1. Cover image - p. Cover 2. Title page - p. iii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. List of Contributors - p. xi 6. Preface - p. xiii 7. Section I: An Overview of the Sector - p. xv 8. Chapter 1. The Prospects for Biofuels in Aviation - p. 3 9. Chapter 2. Feedstocks for Aviation Biofuels - p. 17 10. Chapter 3. Certification and Performance: What Is Needed from an Aviation Fuel? - p. 35 11. Section II: The Science and Technology of Developing Biofuels for Aviation - p. 43 12. Chapter 4. The Suitability of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) as Blending Agents in Jet A-1 - p. 47 13. Chapter 5. Aviation Biofuels Through Lipid Hydroprocessing - p. 85 14. Chapter 6. Low-Carbon Aviation Fuel Through the Alcohol to Jet Pathway - p. 109 15. Chapter 7. Metabolic Engineering Strategies to Convert Carbohydrates to Aviation Range Hydrocarbons - p. 151 16. Chapter 8. Pyrolysis of Biomass for Aviation Fuel - p. 191 17. Chapter 9. Towards an Aviation Fuel Through the Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae - p. 217 18. Chapter 10. Aviation Turbine Fuels Through the Fischer–Tropsch Process - p. 241 19. Chapter 11. Current and Potential Aviation Additives for Higher Biofuel Blends in Jet A-1 - p. 261 20. Section III: Testing, Assessment and the Future - p. 272 21. Chapter 12. Life Cycle Assessment of Biojet Fuels - p. 279 22. Chapter 13. Government Policy on Delivering Biofuels for the Aviation Sector - p. 295 23. Chapter 14. Sustainable Aviation: A UK Roadmap for Sustainable Aviation Fuels - p. 315 24. Chapter 15. Roadmap to a Sustainable Aviation Biofuel: A Brazilian Case Study - p. 339 25. Appendix A. Standard and Alternative Fuel Specifications - p. 351 26. Appendix B. Commercial Biofuel Flight Demonstrations (Data Collected by Innovate Washington 2013) - p. 360 27. Index - p. 359
