Biology of Oysters offers scientific insights into the structure and function of oysters. Written by an expert in the field of shellfish research, this book presents more than 50 years of empirical research literature. It provides an understanding of the edible oysters, in order to equip students and researchers with the background needed to undertake further investigations on this model marine invertebrate.
1. 1.1 Introduction - p. 1 2. 1.2 Origins and Classification - p. 2 3. 1.3 Phylogenetic Systematics - p. 7 4. 1.4 Phylogeography - p. 22 5. Bibliography - p. 38 6. Chapter 2 Evolution - p. 47 7. Chapter 3 Ecology I - p. 89 8. Abstract - p. 89 9. 3.1 Introduction - p. 89 10. 3.2 The Biogeography of Oysters - p. 90 11. 3.3 Invasions by Oysters and Other Bivalves - p. 95 12. 3.4 Range Boundaries and Dispersal - p. 105 13. 3.5 Temperature and Species Range - p. 117 14. 3.6 Decline and Extirpation of Populations - p. 123 15. 3.7 Modeling Species' Distributions - p. 124 16. Bibliography - p. 130 17. Chapter 4 Ecology II - p. 139 18. Abstract - p. 139 19. 4.1 Introduction - p. 139 20. 4.2 Oysters and Estuaries - p. 141 21. 4.3 The Food of Oysters - p. 161 22. 4.3.3 Hydrodynamics and the Food Supply - p. 184 23. Bibliography - p. 198 24. Chapter 5 Feeding - p. 209 25. Abstract - p. 209 26. 5.1 Introduction - p. 209 27. 5.2 Particle Uptake - p. 210 28. 5.3 Ventilation, Particle Capture, and Clearance - p. 235 29. 5.3.3 Particle Capture and Clearance - p. 250 30. 5.4 The Functional Morphology of Digestion and Absorption - p. 275 31. 5.4.1 The Stomach and Digestive Gland - p. 277 32. 5.4.2 Intestinal and Glandular Feces - p. 280 33. 5.4.3 Absorption and Absorption Efficiency - p. 282 34. 5.4.4 Metabolic Fecal Loss - p. 291 35. 5.5 Modeling Feeding Behavior - p. 292 36. 5.5.1 Optimal Feeding Models - p. 292 37. 5.5.2 Guts as Chemical Reactors - p. 295 38. 5.5.3 Stoichiometry Models - p. 298 39. 5.5.4 A Mechanistic Model of Absorption and Gut Transit Time - p. 305 40. 5.5.5 The Geometric Framework - p. 306 41. 5.5.6 The Inducible Response to Predators as a Cost of Feeding - p. 311 42. Bibliography - p. 314 43. Chapter 6 Metabolic Expenditure - p. 331 44. Abstract - p. 331 45. 6.1 Introduction - p. 331 46. 6.2 Respiration and the Regulation of Oxygen Uptake - p. 332 47. 6.3 Levels of Metabolic Rate - p. 336 48. 6.4 Nitrogen Excretion - p. 395 49. Bibliography - p. 403 50. Chapter 7 Growth - p. 417 51. Abstract - p. 417 52. 7.1 Introduction - p. 417 53. 7.2 Measuring Shell Growth - p. 418 54. 7.3 The Description of Growth - p. 427 55. 7.4 Bioenergetics Models - p. 436 56. 7.4.6 The Testing of Bioenergetics Models - p. 454 57. 7.5 Stoichiometry and Growth - p. 457 58. 7.6 Dynamic Energy Budget Models - p. 469 59. 7.6.1 The Standard DEB Model, With an Emphasis on Bivalves - p. 469 60. 7.6.2 Environmental Forcing by Temperature and Food - p. 483 61. 7.6.3 Parameter Estimation and the General Model for Oyster Growth - p. 483 62. 7.6.4 The Validation and Application of DEB Models of Bivalves - p. 485 63. 7.7 Comparing DEB and Scope for Growth (SFG) Models - p. 491 64. Bibliography - p. 494 65. Chapter 8 Temperature Effects and Other Manifestations of Stress - p. 505 66. Abstract - p. 505 67. 8.1 Introduction - p. 505 68. 8.2 Temperature Effects - p. 506 69. 8.3 The Effects of Multiple Environmental and Genetic Factors on Growth - p. 541 70. Bibliography - p. 554 71. Chapter 9 Reproduction - p. 565 72. Abstract - p. 565 73. 9.1 Introduction - p. 565 74. 9.2 Gamete Production - p. 565 75. 9.2.5 Fecundity and Reproduction Costs, Effort, and Value - p. 610 76. 9.3 The Oyster Larva - p. 617 77. 9.3.1 Larval Development and Nutrition - p. 617 78. 9.3.2 Swimming, Settlement, and Metamorphosis - p. 655 79. Bibliography - p. 683 80. Chapter 10 Oysters and the Ecosystem - p. 703 81. Abstract - p. 703 82. 10.1 Introduction - p. 703 83. 10.2 Oysters as Keystone Species and Ecological Engineers - p. 704 84. 10.3 The Decline of Oysters - p. 709 85. 10.4 Oysters and Ecosystem Trophic Networks - p. 729 86. 10.5 The “Structured Habitats” of Oysters - p. 739 87. 10.6 Ecosystem Functions and Services - p. 745 88. 10.6.1 Biofiltration - p. 747 89. 10.6.2 Biodeposition and Nutrient Cycles - p. 761 90. 10.6.3 Biodiversity - p. 774 91. 10.6.4 Valuing Ecological Services - p. 792 92. 10.7 Carrying Capacity - p. 793 93. 10.7.1 Statistical Models - p. 794 94. 10.7.2 Biomass/Production Relationships and Self-Thinning - p. 795 95. 10.7.3 Biofiltration and the Food Supply - p. 797 96. 10.7.4 Box Models - p. 798 97. 10.7.5 Fully Spatial Models - p. 803 98. 10.7.6 Other Models - p. 808 99. Bibliography - p. 818 100. Index - p. 835
Biology of Oysters offers scientific insights into the structure and function of oysters. Written by an expert in the field of shellfish research, this book presents more than 50 years of empirical research literature. It provides an understanding of the edible oysters, in order to equip students and researchers with the background needed to undertake further investigations on this model marine invertebrate.
1. 1.1 Introduction - p. 1 2. 1.2 Origins and Classification - p. 2 3. 1.3 Phylogenetic Systematics - p. 7 4. 1.4 Phylogeography - p. 22 5. Bibliography - p. 38 6. Chapter 2 Evolution - p. 47 7. Chapter 3 Ecology I - p. 89 8. Abstract - p. 89 9. 3.1 Introduction - p. 89 10. 3.2 The Biogeography of Oysters - p. 90 11. 3.3 Invasions by Oysters and Other Bivalves - p. 95 12. 3.4 Range Boundaries and Dispersal - p. 105 13. 3.5 Temperature and Species Range - p. 117 14. 3.6 Decline and Extirpation of Populations - p. 123 15. 3.7 Modeling Species' Distributions - p. 124 16. Bibliography - p. 130 17. Chapter 4 Ecology II - p. 139 18. Abstract - p. 139 19. 4.1 Introduction - p. 139 20. 4.2 Oysters and Estuaries - p. 141 21. 4.3 The Food of Oysters - p. 161 22. 4.3.3 Hydrodynamics and the Food Supply - p. 184 23. Bibliography - p. 198 24. Chapter 5 Feeding - p. 209 25. Abstract - p. 209 26. 5.1 Introduction - p. 209 27. 5.2 Particle Uptake - p. 210 28. 5.3 Ventilation, Particle Capture, and Clearance - p. 235 29. 5.3.3 Particle Capture and Clearance - p. 250 30. 5.4 The Functional Morphology of Digestion and Absorption - p. 275 31. 5.4.1 The Stomach and Digestive Gland - p. 277 32. 5.4.2 Intestinal and Glandular Feces - p. 280 33. 5.4.3 Absorption and Absorption Efficiency - p. 282 34. 5.4.4 Metabolic Fecal Loss - p. 291 35. 5.5 Modeling Feeding Behavior - p. 292 36. 5.5.1 Optimal Feeding Models - p. 292 37. 5.5.2 Guts as Chemical Reactors - p. 295 38. 5.5.3 Stoichiometry Models - p. 298 39. 5.5.4 A Mechanistic Model of Absorption and Gut Transit Time - p. 305 40. 5.5.5 The Geometric Framework - p. 306 41. 5.5.6 The Inducible Response to Predators as a Cost of Feeding - p. 311 42. Bibliography - p. 314 43. Chapter 6 Metabolic Expenditure - p. 331 44. Abstract - p. 331 45. 6.1 Introduction - p. 331 46. 6.2 Respiration and the Regulation of Oxygen Uptake - p. 332 47. 6.3 Levels of Metabolic Rate - p. 336 48. 6.4 Nitrogen Excretion - p. 395 49. Bibliography - p. 403 50. Chapter 7 Growth - p. 417 51. Abstract - p. 417 52. 7.1 Introduction - p. 417 53. 7.2 Measuring Shell Growth - p. 418 54. 7.3 The Description of Growth - p. 427 55. 7.4 Bioenergetics Models - p. 436 56. 7.4.6 The Testing of Bioenergetics Models - p. 454 57. 7.5 Stoichiometry and Growth - p. 457 58. 7.6 Dynamic Energy Budget Models - p. 469 59. 7.6.1 The Standard DEB Model, With an Emphasis on Bivalves - p. 469 60. 7.6.2 Environmental Forcing by Temperature and Food - p. 483 61. 7.6.3 Parameter Estimation and the General Model for Oyster Growth - p. 483 62. 7.6.4 The Validation and Application of DEB Models of Bivalves - p. 485 63. 7.7 Comparing DEB and Scope for Growth (SFG) Models - p. 491 64. Bibliography - p. 494 65. Chapter 8 Temperature Effects and Other Manifestations of Stress - p. 505 66. Abstract - p. 505 67. 8.1 Introduction - p. 505 68. 8.2 Temperature Effects - p. 506 69. 8.3 The Effects of Multiple Environmental and Genetic Factors on Growth - p. 541 70. Bibliography - p. 554 71. Chapter 9 Reproduction - p. 565 72. Abstract - p. 565 73. 9.1 Introduction - p. 565 74. 9.2 Gamete Production - p. 565 75. 9.2.5 Fecundity and Reproduction Costs, Effort, and Value - p. 610 76. 9.3 The Oyster Larva - p. 617 77. 9.3.1 Larval Development and Nutrition - p. 617 78. 9.3.2 Swimming, Settlement, and Metamorphosis - p. 655 79. Bibliography - p. 683 80. Chapter 10 Oysters and the Ecosystem - p. 703 81. Abstract - p. 703 82. 10.1 Introduction - p. 703 83. 10.2 Oysters as Keystone Species and Ecological Engineers - p. 704 84. 10.3 The Decline of Oysters - p. 709 85. 10.4 Oysters and Ecosystem Trophic Networks - p. 729 86. 10.5 The “Structured Habitats” of Oysters - p. 739 87. 10.6 Ecosystem Functions and Services - p. 745 88. 10.6.1 Biofiltration - p. 747 89. 10.6.2 Biodeposition and Nutrient Cycles - p. 761 90. 10.6.3 Biodiversity - p. 774 91. 10.6.4 Valuing Ecological Services - p. 792 92. 10.7 Carrying Capacity - p. 793 93. 10.7.1 Statistical Models - p. 794 94. 10.7.2 Biomass/Production Relationships and Self-Thinning - p. 795 95. 10.7.3 Biofiltration and the Food Supply - p. 797 96. 10.7.4 Box Models - p. 798 97. 10.7.5 Fully Spatial Models - p. 803 98. 10.7.6 Other Models - p. 808 99. Bibliography - p. 818 100. Index - p. 835
