A practical, dynamic resource for practicing neurologists, clinicians and trainees, Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice, Eighth Edition, offers a straightforward style, evidence-based information, and robust interactive content supplemented by treatment algorithms and images to keep you up to date with all that’s current in this fast-changing field. This two-volume set is ideal for daily reference, featuring a unique organization by presenting symptom/sign and by specific disease entities—allowing you to access content in ways that mirror how you practice. More than 150 expert contributors, led by Drs. Joseph Jankovic, John C. Mazziotta, Scott L. Pomeroy, and Nancy J. Newman, provide up-to-date guidance that equips you to effectively diagnose and manage the full range of neurological disorders.
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. i 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Dedication - p. ii 5. Copyright - p. iv 6. Preface - p. viii 7. List of Contributors - p. x 8. Videos - p. xx 9. PART I. Common Neurological Problems - p. xxiv 10. 1. Diagnosis of Neurological Disease - p. 1 11. 2. Episodic Impairment of Consciousness - p. 8 12. 3. Falls and Drop Attacks - p. 17 13. 4. Delirium - p. 23 14. 5. Stupor and Coma - p. 34 15. 6. Prolonged Comatose States and Brain Death - p. 52 16. 7. Intellectual and Memory Impairments - p. 58 17. 8. Global Developmental Delay and Regression - p. 67 18. 9. Behavior and Personality Disturbances - p. 75 19. 10. Depression and Psychosis in Neurological Practice - p. 97 20. 11. Limb Apraxias and Related Disorders - p. 120 21. 12. Agnosias - p. 127 22. 13. Aphasia and Aphasic Syndromes - p. 133 23. 14. Dysarthria and Apraxia of Speech - p. 149 24. 15. Neurogenic Dysphagia - p. 152 25. 16. Neuro-Ophthalmology: Afferent Visual System - p. 164 26. 17. Pupillary and Eyelid Abnormalities - p. 191 27. 18. Neuro-ophthalmology: Ocular Motor System - p. 201 28. General Principles of Ocular Motor Control - p. 201 29. Eye Movement Anatomy - p. 201 30. Disorders of Eye Movements—Ophthalmoplegia and Ocular Misalignment - p. 206 31. Disorders of Eye Movements—Abnormal Spontaneous Movements and Oscillations - p. 227 32. Development of the Ocular Motor System - p. 239 33. Recording of Eye Movements - p. 240 34. 19. Disturbances of Smell and Taste - p. 241 35. 20. Cranial and Facial Pain - p. 248 36. 21. Brainstem Syndromes - p. 255 37. 22. Neuro-Otology: Diagnosis and Management of Neuro-Otological Disorders - p. 267 38. 23. Cerebellar Ataxia - p. 288 39. 24. Diagnosis and Assessment of Parkinson Disease and Other Movement Disorders - p. 310 40. 25. Gait Disorders - p. 334 41. 26. Hemiplegia and Monoplegia - p. 345 42. 27. Paraplegia and Spinal Cord Syndromes - p. 356 43. 28. Proximal, Distal, and Generalized Weakness - p. 362 44. 29. Muscle Pain and Cramps - p. 379 45. 30. Hypotonic (Floppy) Infant - p. 388 46. 31. Sensory Abnormalities of the Limbs, Trunk, and Face - p. 397 47. 32. Arm and Neck Pain - p. 407 48. 33. Lower Back and Lower Limb Pain - p. 417 49. Neurological Investigations and Interventions - p. 426.e2 50. SECTION A. General Principles - p. 426.e2 51. 34. Investigations in the Diagnosis and Management of Neurological Disease - p. 427 52. SECTION B. Clinical Neurophysiology - p. 429 53. 35. Electroencephalography and Evoked Potentials - p. 430 54. 36. Clinical Electromyography - p. 447 55. 37. Extracranial Neuromodulation - p. 472 56. 38. Intracranial Neuromodulation - p. 483 57. 39. Intraoperative Monitoring - p. 492 58. SECTION C. Neuroimaging - p. 495 59. 40. Structural Imaging Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography - p. 496 60. Computed Tomography - p. 496 61. Magnetic Resonance Imaging - p. 497 62. Structural Neuroimaging in the Clinical Practice of Neurology - p. 502 63. Indications for Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging - p. 544 64. 41. Vascular Imaging: Computed Tomographic Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, and Ultrasound - p. 547 65. 42. Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging - p. 576 66. 43. Ocular Functional and Structural Investigations - p. 601 67. SECTION D. Clinical Neurosciences - p. 613.e2 68. 44. Neuropsychology - p. 614 69. 45. Neurourology - p. 633 70. 46. Sexual Dysfunction in Neurological Disorders - p. 652 71. 47. Neuroepidemiology - p. 666 72. 48. Clinical Neurogenetics - p. 681 73. Genetics in Clinical Neurology - p. 681 74. Gene Expression, Diversity, and Regulation - p. 682 75. Types of Genetic Variation and Mutations - p. 686 76. Chromosomal Analysis and Abnormalities - p. 688 77. Disorders of Mendelian Inheritance - p. 690 78. Mendelian Disease Gene Identification by Linkage Analysis and Chromosome Mapping - p. 693 79. Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance - p. 694 80. Common Neurological Disorders and Complex Disease Genetics - p. 696 81. Genome/Exome Sequencing in Clinical Practice, Disease Gene Discovery, and Gene Therapy - p. 700 82. Future Role of Systems Biology in Neurogenetic Disease - p. 703 83. Environmental Contributions to Neurogenetic Disease - p. 703 84. Genetics and the Paradox of Disease Definition - p. 705 85. Clinical Approach to the Patient With Suspected Neurogenetic Disease - p. 705 86. 49. Neuroimmunology - p. 709 87. 50. Neuroendocrinology - p. 730 88. PART III. Neurological Diseases and Their Treatment - p. 747.e2 89. 51. Management of Neurological Disease - p. 748 90. 52. Pain Management - p. 753 91. 53. Neurointensive Care - p. 776 92. 54. Principles of Neuroendovascular Therapy - p. 793 93. SECTION B. Neurological Complications of Systemic Disease - p. 818.e7 94. 55. Neurological Rehabilitation - p. 819 95. 56. Transition to Adult Care for Youth with Chronic Neurological Disorders - p. 850 96. 57. Palliative and End-of-Life Care in Neurological Disease - p. 856 97. 58. Neurological Complications of Systemic Disease: Adults - p. 862 98. 59. Neurological Complications of Systemic Disease: Children - p. 882 99. SECTION C. Trauma of the Nervous System - p. 896.e4 100. 60. Basic Neuroscience of Neurotrauma - p. 897 101. 61. Concussion in Sports and Performance - p. 907 102. 62. Craniocerebral Trauma - p. 914 103. 63. Spinal Cord Trauma - p. 929 104. 64. Trauma of the Nervous System: Peripheral Nerve Trauma - p. 950 105. SECTION D. Vascular Diseases of the Nervous System - p. 963.e2 106. 65. Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease - p. 964 107. Epidemiology and Risk Factors - p. 964 108. Pathophysiology of Cerebral Ischemia - p. 969 109. Pathology of Ischemic Stroke - p. 969 110. Clinical Syndromes of Cerebral Ischemia - p. 969 111. Diagnosis and Treatment of Threatened Ischemic Stroke - p. 975 112. Large-Artery Atherothrombotic Infarctions - p. 975 113. Small-Vessel or Penetrating Artery Disease - p. 976 114. Cardiogenic Embolism - p. 976 115. Nonatherosclerotic Vasculopathies - p. 979 116. Inherited and Miscellaneous Disorders - p. 986 117. Hypercoagulable Disorders - p. 988 118. Infarcts of Undetermined Cause - p. 991 119. Essential Investigations - p. 991 120. Preventing Stroke Recurrence: Medical Therapy - p. 996 121. Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke - p. 998 122. 66. Intracerebral Hemorrhage - p. 1014 123. 67. Intracranial Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - p. 1031 124. 68. Stroke in Children - p. 1044 125. 69. Spinal Cord Vascular Disease - p. 1058 126. 70. Central Nervous System Vasculitis - p. 1066 127. SECTION E. Cancer and the Nervous System - p. 1067.e1 128. 71. Epidemiology of Brain Tumors - p. 1068 129. 72. Pathology and Molecular Genetics - p. 1076 130. 73. Clinical Features of Brain Tumors and Complications of Their Treatment - p. 1099 131. 74. Primary Nervous System Tumors in Adults - p. 1105 132. 75. Primary Nervous System Tumors in Infants and Children - p. 1122 133. 76. Nervous System Metastases - p. 1145 134. SECTION F. Infections of the Nervous System - p. 1164.e6 135. 77. Neurological Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Adults - p. 1165 136. 78. Viral Encephalitis and Meningitis - p. 1184 137. Deoxyribonucleic Acid Viruses - p. 1184 138. Ribonucleic Acid Viruses - p. 1199 139. 79. Bacterial, Fungal, and Parasitic Diseases of the Nervous System - p. 1214 140. SECTION G. Neurological Disorders - p. 1225.e2 141. 80. Multiple Sclerosis and Other Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System - p. 1226 142. 81. Paraneoplastic Disorders of the Nervous System - p. 1255 143. 82. Autoimmune Encephalitis with Antibodies to Cell Surface Antigens - p. 1263 144. 83. Anoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy - p. 1269 145. 84. Toxic and Metabolic Encephalopathies - p. 1276 146. 85. Deficiency Diseases of the Nervous System - p. 1291 147. 86. Effects of Toxins and Physical Agents on the Nervous System - p. 1302 148. 87. Effects of Drug Abuse on the Nervous System - p. 1319 149. 88. Brain Edema and Disorders of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation - p. 1327 150. 89. Developmental Disorders of the Nervous System - p. 1345 151. 90. Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities - p. 1366 152. 91. Inborn Errors of Metabolism and the Nervous System - p. 1386 153. General Considerations - p. 1387 154. Disorders Involving Complex Molecules - p. 1396 155. Disorders Involving Small Molecules - p. 1398 156. Other Subclassifications of Inborn Errors of Metabolism - p. 1400 157. Conclusion - p. 1406 158. 92. Neurodegenerative Disease Processes - p. 1407 159. 93. Mitochondrial Disorders - p. 1415 160. 94. Prion Diseases - p. 1430 161. Human Prion Diseases - p. 1430 162. Clinical Aspects of Human Prion Diseases - p. 1434 163. Diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease - p. 1437 164. Treatment of Human Prion Diseases - p. 1450 165. Differential Diagnosis - p. 1451 166. 95. Alzheimer Disease and Other Dementias - p. 1452 167. Normal Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment - p. 1452 168. Dementia - p. 1455 169. Alzheimer Disease - p. 1458 170. Neurodegenerative Dementias Associated With Parkinsonism - p. 1473 171. Frontotemporal Dementias - p. 1480 172. Hippocampal Sclerosis of Aging - p. 1481 173. Vascular Dementia (Vascular Cognitive Impairment) - p. 1488 174. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus - p. 1492 175. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy/Post-Traumatic Dementia - p. 1494 176. Other Causes - p. 1494 177. Young-Onset Dementia - p. 1495 178. 96. Parkinson Disease and Other Movement Disorders - p. 1498 179. Movement Disorders and the Basal Ganglia - p. 1498 180. Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration - p. 1502 181. Parkinsonian Disorders - p. 1504 182. Tremor - p. 1517 183. Chorea - p. 1520 184. Dystonia - p. 1525 185. Tics - p. 1529 186. Myoclonus - p. 1531 187. Tardive Dyskinesia - p. 1532 188. Stereotypies - p. 1533 189. Miscellaneous Movement Disorders - p. 1533 190. 97. Disorders of Upper and Lower Motor Neurons - p. 1535 191. Disorders of Upper Motor Neurons - p. 1535 192. Disorders of Lower Motor Neurons - p. 1544 193. Disorders of Both Upper and Lower Motor Neurons - p. 1556 194. 98. Channelopathies: Episodic and Electrical Disorders of the Nervous System - p. 1568 195. 99. Neurocutaneous Syndromes - p. 1589 196. 100. Epilepsies - p. 1614 197. Seizures and Epilepsy Definitions - p. 1614 198. Ictal Phenomenology - p. 1614 199. Classification of Seizures - p. 1615 200. Seizure Types - p. 1618 201. Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes - p. 1623 202. Seizure Precipitants - p. 1636 203. Epidemiology of Epilepsy and Seizures - p. 1636 204. Morbidity and Mortality - p. 1636 205. Pathophysiology and Mechanisms - p. 1638 206. Differential Diagnosis - p. 1640 207. Evaluation and Diagnosis - p. 1642 208. Medical Therapy - p. 1649 209. Surgical Therapy - p. 1656 210. Other Therapies - p. 1658 211. Quality-of-Care Standards in the Management of Epilepsy - p. 1661 212. Seizure Clusters and Status Epilepticus - p. 1661 213. 101. Sleep and Its Disorders - p. 1664 214. Definition of Sleep - p. 1665 215. Mechanism of Muscle Antonia During Rapid Eye Movement Sleep - p. 1670 216. Physiological Changes In Sleep - p. 1676 217. Sleep Deprivation and Sleepiness - p. 1676 218. Classification of Sleep Disorders - p. 1679 219. Clinical Phenomenology - p. 1685 220. Laboratory Assessment of Sleep Disorders - p. 1729 221. Principles of Management of Sleep Disorders - p. 1734 222. Conclusion - p. 1744 223. 102. Headache and Other Craniofacial Pain - p. 1745 224. Pain Transmission and Modulation as Related to Headache - p. 1745 225. Classification - p. 1745 226. Secondary Headaches - p. 1746 227. Primary Headaches - p. 1757 228. Other Headaches and Facial Pains - p. 1777 229. Headache in Children and Adolescents - p. 1781 230. 103. Cranial Neuropathies - p. 1783 231. 104. Disorders of Bones, Joints, Ligaments, and Meninges - p. 1798 232. 105. Disorders of Nerve Roots and Plexuses - p. 1829 233. 106. Disorders of Peripheral Nerves - p. 1853 234. Clinical Approach to Disorders of Peripheral Nerves - p. 1854 235. Mononeuropathies - p. 1863 236. Hereditary Neuropathies - p. 1874 237. Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathies - p. 1.880000000001E12 238. Peripheral Neuropathies Associated with Monoclonal Proteins - p. 1896 239. Neuropathies Associated with Systemic Disorders - p. 1903 240. Toxic and Drug-Induced Neuropathies - p. 1921 241. Neuropathies Associated With Infections - p. 1927 242. Chronic Idiopathic Axonal Polyneuropathy - p. 1.92700001E8 243. Pain In Peripheral Neuropathy - p. 1.92700001E8 244. 107. Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System - p. 1930 245. 108. Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission - p. 1958 246. 109. Disorders of Skeletal Muscle - p. 1978 247. Muscle Histology - p. 1978 248. Specific Disorders - p. 1982 249. 110. Neurological Problems in the Newborn - p. 2022 250. 111. Cerebral Palsy - p. 2040 251. 112. Neurological Problems of Pregnancy - p. 2049 252. Neurological Complications of Contraception - p. 2049 253. Ethical Considerations - p. 2053 254. Imaging - p. 2053 255. Headache - p. 2054 256. Leg Muscle Cramps - p. 2056 257. Myasthenia Gravis - p. 2056 258. Muscular and Neuromuscular Disorders - p. 2057 259. Neuropathy - p. 2058 260. Movement Disorders - p. 2059 261. Wernicke Encephalopathy and Hyperemesis Gravidarum - p. 2061 262. Multiple Sclerosis - p. 2062 263. Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder—Devic Syndrome - p. 2064 264. Tumors - p. 2064 265. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri) - p. 2065 266. Epilepsy and its Treatments - p. 2065 267. Cerebrovascular Disease - p. 2069 268. Eclamptic Encephalopathy - p. 2073 269. 113. Functional and Dissociative Neurological Symptoms and Disorders - p. 2076 270. Index - p. I-1
A practical, dynamic resource for practicing neurologists, clinicians and trainees, Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice, Eighth Edition, offers a straightforward style, evidence-based information, and robust interactive content supplemented by treatment algorithms and images to keep you up to date with all that’s current in this fast-changing field. This two-volume set is ideal for daily reference, featuring a unique organization by presenting symptom/sign and by specific disease entities—allowing you to access content in ways that mirror how you practice. More than 150 expert contributors, led by Drs. Joseph Jankovic, John C. Mazziotta, Scott L. Pomeroy, and Nancy J. Newman, provide up-to-date guidance that equips you to effectively diagnose and manage the full range of neurological disorders.
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. i 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Dedication - p. ii 5. Copyright - p. iv 6. Preface - p. viii 7. List of Contributors - p. x 8. Videos - p. xx 9. PART I. Common Neurological Problems - p. xxiv 10. 1. Diagnosis of Neurological Disease - p. 1 11. 2. Episodic Impairment of Consciousness - p. 8 12. 3. Falls and Drop Attacks - p. 17 13. 4. Delirium - p. 23 14. 5. Stupor and Coma - p. 34 15. 6. Prolonged Comatose States and Brain Death - p. 52 16. 7. Intellectual and Memory Impairments - p. 58 17. 8. Global Developmental Delay and Regression - p. 67 18. 9. Behavior and Personality Disturbances - p. 75 19. 10. Depression and Psychosis in Neurological Practice - p. 97 20. 11. Limb Apraxias and Related Disorders - p. 120 21. 12. Agnosias - p. 127 22. 13. Aphasia and Aphasic Syndromes - p. 133 23. 14. Dysarthria and Apraxia of Speech - p. 149 24. 15. Neurogenic Dysphagia - p. 152 25. 16. Neuro-Ophthalmology: Afferent Visual System - p. 164 26. 17. Pupillary and Eyelid Abnormalities - p. 191 27. 18. Neuro-ophthalmology: Ocular Motor System - p. 201 28. General Principles of Ocular Motor Control - p. 201 29. Eye Movement Anatomy - p. 201 30. Disorders of Eye Movements—Ophthalmoplegia and Ocular Misalignment - p. 206 31. Disorders of Eye Movements—Abnormal Spontaneous Movements and Oscillations - p. 227 32. Development of the Ocular Motor System - p. 239 33. Recording of Eye Movements - p. 240 34. 19. Disturbances of Smell and Taste - p. 241 35. 20. Cranial and Facial Pain - p. 248 36. 21. Brainstem Syndromes - p. 255 37. 22. Neuro-Otology: Diagnosis and Management of Neuro-Otological Disorders - p. 267 38. 23. Cerebellar Ataxia - p. 288 39. 24. Diagnosis and Assessment of Parkinson Disease and Other Movement Disorders - p. 310 40. 25. Gait Disorders - p. 334 41. 26. Hemiplegia and Monoplegia - p. 345 42. 27. Paraplegia and Spinal Cord Syndromes - p. 356 43. 28. Proximal, Distal, and Generalized Weakness - p. 362 44. 29. Muscle Pain and Cramps - p. 379 45. 30. Hypotonic (Floppy) Infant - p. 388 46. 31. Sensory Abnormalities of the Limbs, Trunk, and Face - p. 397 47. 32. Arm and Neck Pain - p. 407 48. 33. Lower Back and Lower Limb Pain - p. 417 49. Neurological Investigations and Interventions - p. 426.e2 50. SECTION A. General Principles - p. 426.e2 51. 34. Investigations in the Diagnosis and Management of Neurological Disease - p. 427 52. SECTION B. Clinical Neurophysiology - p. 429 53. 35. Electroencephalography and Evoked Potentials - p. 430 54. 36. Clinical Electromyography - p. 447 55. 37. Extracranial Neuromodulation - p. 472 56. 38. Intracranial Neuromodulation - p. 483 57. 39. Intraoperative Monitoring - p. 492 58. SECTION C. Neuroimaging - p. 495 59. 40. Structural Imaging Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography - p. 496 60. Computed Tomography - p. 496 61. Magnetic Resonance Imaging - p. 497 62. Structural Neuroimaging in the Clinical Practice of Neurology - p. 502 63. Indications for Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging - p. 544 64. 41. Vascular Imaging: Computed Tomographic Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, and Ultrasound - p. 547 65. 42. Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging - p. 576 66. 43. Ocular Functional and Structural Investigations - p. 601 67. SECTION D. Clinical Neurosciences - p. 613.e2 68. 44. Neuropsychology - p. 614 69. 45. Neurourology - p. 633 70. 46. Sexual Dysfunction in Neurological Disorders - p. 652 71. 47. Neuroepidemiology - p. 666 72. 48. Clinical Neurogenetics - p. 681 73. Genetics in Clinical Neurology - p. 681 74. Gene Expression, Diversity, and Regulation - p. 682 75. Types of Genetic Variation and Mutations - p. 686 76. Chromosomal Analysis and Abnormalities - p. 688 77. Disorders of Mendelian Inheritance - p. 690 78. Mendelian Disease Gene Identification by Linkage Analysis and Chromosome Mapping - p. 693 79. Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance - p. 694 80. Common Neurological Disorders and Complex Disease Genetics - p. 696 81. Genome/Exome Sequencing in Clinical Practice, Disease Gene Discovery, and Gene Therapy - p. 700 82. Future Role of Systems Biology in Neurogenetic Disease - p. 703 83. Environmental Contributions to Neurogenetic Disease - p. 703 84. Genetics and the Paradox of Disease Definition - p. 705 85. Clinical Approach to the Patient With Suspected Neurogenetic Disease - p. 705 86. 49. Neuroimmunology - p. 709 87. 50. Neuroendocrinology - p. 730 88. PART III. Neurological Diseases and Their Treatment - p. 747.e2 89. 51. Management of Neurological Disease - p. 748 90. 52. Pain Management - p. 753 91. 53. Neurointensive Care - p. 776 92. 54. Principles of Neuroendovascular Therapy - p. 793 93. SECTION B. Neurological Complications of Systemic Disease - p. 818.e7 94. 55. Neurological Rehabilitation - p. 819 95. 56. Transition to Adult Care for Youth with Chronic Neurological Disorders - p. 850 96. 57. Palliative and End-of-Life Care in Neurological Disease - p. 856 97. 58. Neurological Complications of Systemic Disease: Adults - p. 862 98. 59. Neurological Complications of Systemic Disease: Children - p. 882 99. SECTION C. Trauma of the Nervous System - p. 896.e4 100. 60. Basic Neuroscience of Neurotrauma - p. 897 101. 61. Concussion in Sports and Performance - p. 907 102. 62. Craniocerebral Trauma - p. 914 103. 63. Spinal Cord Trauma - p. 929 104. 64. Trauma of the Nervous System: Peripheral Nerve Trauma - p. 950 105. SECTION D. Vascular Diseases of the Nervous System - p. 963.e2 106. 65. Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease - p. 964 107. Epidemiology and Risk Factors - p. 964 108. Pathophysiology of Cerebral Ischemia - p. 969 109. Pathology of Ischemic Stroke - p. 969 110. Clinical Syndromes of Cerebral Ischemia - p. 969 111. Diagnosis and Treatment of Threatened Ischemic Stroke - p. 975 112. Large-Artery Atherothrombotic Infarctions - p. 975 113. Small-Vessel or Penetrating Artery Disease - p. 976 114. Cardiogenic Embolism - p. 976 115. Nonatherosclerotic Vasculopathies - p. 979 116. Inherited and Miscellaneous Disorders - p. 986 117. Hypercoagulable Disorders - p. 988 118. Infarcts of Undetermined Cause - p. 991 119. Essential Investigations - p. 991 120. Preventing Stroke Recurrence: Medical Therapy - p. 996 121. Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke - p. 998 122. 66. Intracerebral Hemorrhage - p. 1014 123. 67. Intracranial Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - p. 1031 124. 68. Stroke in Children - p. 1044 125. 69. Spinal Cord Vascular Disease - p. 1058 126. 70. Central Nervous System Vasculitis - p. 1066 127. SECTION E. Cancer and the Nervous System - p. 1067.e1 128. 71. Epidemiology of Brain Tumors - p. 1068 129. 72. Pathology and Molecular Genetics - p. 1076 130. 73. Clinical Features of Brain Tumors and Complications of Their Treatment - p. 1099 131. 74. Primary Nervous System Tumors in Adults - p. 1105 132. 75. Primary Nervous System Tumors in Infants and Children - p. 1122 133. 76. Nervous System Metastases - p. 1145 134. SECTION F. Infections of the Nervous System - p. 1164.e6 135. 77. Neurological Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Adults - p. 1165 136. 78. Viral Encephalitis and Meningitis - p. 1184 137. Deoxyribonucleic Acid Viruses - p. 1184 138. Ribonucleic Acid Viruses - p. 1199 139. 79. Bacterial, Fungal, and Parasitic Diseases of the Nervous System - p. 1214 140. SECTION G. Neurological Disorders - p. 1225.e2 141. 80. Multiple Sclerosis and Other Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System - p. 1226 142. 81. Paraneoplastic Disorders of the Nervous System - p. 1255 143. 82. Autoimmune Encephalitis with Antibodies to Cell Surface Antigens - p. 1263 144. 83. Anoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy - p. 1269 145. 84. Toxic and Metabolic Encephalopathies - p. 1276 146. 85. Deficiency Diseases of the Nervous System - p. 1291 147. 86. Effects of Toxins and Physical Agents on the Nervous System - p. 1302 148. 87. Effects of Drug Abuse on the Nervous System - p. 1319 149. 88. Brain Edema and Disorders of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation - p. 1327 150. 89. Developmental Disorders of the Nervous System - p. 1345 151. 90. Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities - p. 1366 152. 91. Inborn Errors of Metabolism and the Nervous System - p. 1386 153. General Considerations - p. 1387 154. Disorders Involving Complex Molecules - p. 1396 155. Disorders Involving Small Molecules - p. 1398 156. Other Subclassifications of Inborn Errors of Metabolism - p. 1400 157. Conclusion - p. 1406 158. 92. Neurodegenerative Disease Processes - p. 1407 159. 93. Mitochondrial Disorders - p. 1415 160. 94. Prion Diseases - p. 1430 161. Human Prion Diseases - p. 1430 162. Clinical Aspects of Human Prion Diseases - p. 1434 163. Diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease - p. 1437 164. Treatment of Human Prion Diseases - p. 1450 165. Differential Diagnosis - p. 1451 166. 95. Alzheimer Disease and Other Dementias - p. 1452 167. Normal Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment - p. 1452 168. Dementia - p. 1455 169. Alzheimer Disease - p. 1458 170. Neurodegenerative Dementias Associated With Parkinsonism - p. 1473 171. Frontotemporal Dementias - p. 1480 172. Hippocampal Sclerosis of Aging - p. 1481 173. Vascular Dementia (Vascular Cognitive Impairment) - p. 1488 174. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus - p. 1492 175. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy/Post-Traumatic Dementia - p. 1494 176. Other Causes - p. 1494 177. Young-Onset Dementia - p. 1495 178. 96. Parkinson Disease and Other Movement Disorders - p. 1498 179. Movement Disorders and the Basal Ganglia - p. 1498 180. Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration - p. 1502 181. Parkinsonian Disorders - p. 1504 182. Tremor - p. 1517 183. Chorea - p. 1520 184. Dystonia - p. 1525 185. Tics - p. 1529 186. Myoclonus - p. 1531 187. Tardive Dyskinesia - p. 1532 188. Stereotypies - p. 1533 189. Miscellaneous Movement Disorders - p. 1533 190. 97. Disorders of Upper and Lower Motor Neurons - p. 1535 191. Disorders of Upper Motor Neurons - p. 1535 192. Disorders of Lower Motor Neurons - p. 1544 193. Disorders of Both Upper and Lower Motor Neurons - p. 1556 194. 98. Channelopathies: Episodic and Electrical Disorders of the Nervous System - p. 1568 195. 99. Neurocutaneous Syndromes - p. 1589 196. 100. Epilepsies - p. 1614 197. Seizures and Epilepsy Definitions - p. 1614 198. Ictal Phenomenology - p. 1614 199. Classification of Seizures - p. 1615 200. Seizure Types - p. 1618 201. Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes - p. 1623 202. Seizure Precipitants - p. 1636 203. Epidemiology of Epilepsy and Seizures - p. 1636 204. Morbidity and Mortality - p. 1636 205. Pathophysiology and Mechanisms - p. 1638 206. Differential Diagnosis - p. 1640 207. Evaluation and Diagnosis - p. 1642 208. Medical Therapy - p. 1649 209. Surgical Therapy - p. 1656 210. Other Therapies - p. 1658 211. Quality-of-Care Standards in the Management of Epilepsy - p. 1661 212. Seizure Clusters and Status Epilepticus - p. 1661 213. 101. Sleep and Its Disorders - p. 1664 214. Definition of Sleep - p. 1665 215. Mechanism of Muscle Antonia During Rapid Eye Movement Sleep - p. 1670 216. Physiological Changes In Sleep - p. 1676 217. Sleep Deprivation and Sleepiness - p. 1676 218. Classification of Sleep Disorders - p. 1679 219. Clinical Phenomenology - p. 1685 220. Laboratory Assessment of Sleep Disorders - p. 1729 221. Principles of Management of Sleep Disorders - p. 1734 222. Conclusion - p. 1744 223. 102. Headache and Other Craniofacial Pain - p. 1745 224. Pain Transmission and Modulation as Related to Headache - p. 1745 225. Classification - p. 1745 226. Secondary Headaches - p. 1746 227. Primary Headaches - p. 1757 228. Other Headaches and Facial Pains - p. 1777 229. Headache in Children and Adolescents - p. 1781 230. 103. Cranial Neuropathies - p. 1783 231. 104. Disorders of Bones, Joints, Ligaments, and Meninges - p. 1798 232. 105. Disorders of Nerve Roots and Plexuses - p. 1829 233. 106. Disorders of Peripheral Nerves - p. 1853 234. Clinical Approach to Disorders of Peripheral Nerves - p. 1854 235. Mononeuropathies - p. 1863 236. Hereditary Neuropathies - p. 1874 237. Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathies - p. 1.880000000001E12 238. Peripheral Neuropathies Associated with Monoclonal Proteins - p. 1896 239. Neuropathies Associated with Systemic Disorders - p. 1903 240. Toxic and Drug-Induced Neuropathies - p. 1921 241. Neuropathies Associated With Infections - p. 1927 242. Chronic Idiopathic Axonal Polyneuropathy - p. 1.92700001E8 243. Pain In Peripheral Neuropathy - p. 1.92700001E8 244. 107. Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System - p. 1930 245. 108. Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission - p. 1958 246. 109. Disorders of Skeletal Muscle - p. 1978 247. Muscle Histology - p. 1978 248. Specific Disorders - p. 1982 249. 110. Neurological Problems in the Newborn - p. 2022 250. 111. Cerebral Palsy - p. 2040 251. 112. Neurological Problems of Pregnancy - p. 2049 252. Neurological Complications of Contraception - p. 2049 253. Ethical Considerations - p. 2053 254. Imaging - p. 2053 255. Headache - p. 2054 256. Leg Muscle Cramps - p. 2056 257. Myasthenia Gravis - p. 2056 258. Muscular and Neuromuscular Disorders - p. 2057 259. Neuropathy - p. 2058 260. Movement Disorders - p. 2059 261. Wernicke Encephalopathy and Hyperemesis Gravidarum - p. 2061 262. Multiple Sclerosis - p. 2062 263. Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder—Devic Syndrome - p. 2064 264. Tumors - p. 2064 265. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri) - p. 2065 266. Epilepsy and its Treatments - p. 2065 267. Cerebrovascular Disease - p. 2069 268. Eclamptic Encephalopathy - p. 2073 269. 113. Functional and Dissociative Neurological Symptoms and Disorders - p. 2076 270. Index - p. I-1
