Calculations in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Third Edition, helps researchers utilizing molecular biology and biotechnology techniques—from student to professional—understand which type of calculation to use and why. Research in biotechnology and molecular biology requires a vast amount of calculations. Results of one data set become the basis of the next. An error of choosing the wrong type of equation can turn what would have been a successful research project or weeks of labor and research into a veritable house of cards. It could be how you calculated the medium in which you test your sample to calculating how long it takes a sample to grow to calculating the synthesis of multiple variables.
In one easy to use reference, Stephenson reviews the mathematics and statistics related to the day-to-day functions of biotechnology and molecular biology labs, which is a sticking point for many students, technicians, and researchers. The book covers all of the basic mathematical and statistical needs for students and professionals, providing them with a useful tool for their work.
1. Introduction - p. 171 2. 8.1. Template and Amplification - p. 171 3. 8.2. Exponential Amplification - p. 173 4. 8.3. Polymerase Chain Reaction Efficiency - p. 176 5. 8.4. Calculating the Tm of the Target Sequence - p. 179 6. 8.5. Primers - p. 182 7. 8.6. Primer Tm - p. 187 8. 8.7. Deoxynucleoside Triphosphates - p. 194 9. 8.8. DNA Polymerase - p. 196 10. 8.9. Quantitative PCR - p. 199 11. Chapter Summary - p. 211 12. Chapter 9. Real-Time PCR - p. 215 13. Introduction - p. 215 14. 9.1. The Phases of a Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction - p. 216 15. 9.2. Controls - p. 218 16. 9.3. Absolute Quantification by the TaqMan Assay - p. 220 17. 9.4. Amplification Efficiency - p. 235 18. 9.5. Measuring Gene Expression - p. 239 19. 9.6. Relative Quantification: The ΔΔCT Method - p. 241 20. 9.7. Relative Standard Curve Method - p. 276 21. 9.8. Relative Quantification by Reaction Kinetics - p. 294 22. 9.9. The R0 Method of Relative Quantification - p. 300 23. 9.10. The Pfaffl Model - p. 303 24. 9.11. Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction - p. 306 25. Chapter Summary - p. 315 26. Chapter 10. Recombinant DNA - p. 321 27. Introduction - p. 321 28. 10.1. Restriction Endonucleases - p. 321 29. 10.2. Calculating the Amount of Fragment Ends - p. 324 30. 10.3. Ligation - p. 327 31. 10.4. Genomic Libraries—How Many Clones Do You Need? - p. 343 32. 10.5. cDNA Libraries—How Many Clones Are Enough? - p. 344 33. 10.6. Expression Libraries - p. 345 34. 10.7. Screening Recombinant Libraries by Hybridization to DNA Probes - p. 347 35. 10.8. Sizing DNA Fragments by Gel Electrophoresis - p. 357 36. 10.9. Generating Nested Deletions Using Nuclease BAL 31 - p. 365 37. Chapter Summary - p. 369 38. Chapter 11. Protein - p. 375 39. Introduction - p. 375 40. 11.1. Calculating a Protein's Molecular Weight From Its Sequence - p. 375 41. 11.2. Determining a Protein's Molecular Weight by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis - p. 379 42. 11.3. Protein Quantification by Measuring Absorbance at 280nm - p. 382 43. 11.4. Using Absorbance Coefficients and Extinction Coefficients to Estimate Protein Concentration - p. 383 44. 11.5. Relating Concentration in Milligrams per Milliliter to Molarity - p. 390 45. 11.6. Protein Quantitation Using A280 When Contaminating Nucleic Acids Are Present - p. 391 46. 11.7. Protein Quantification at 205nm - p. 392 47. 11.8. Protein Quantitation at 205nm When Contaminating Nucleic Acids Are Present - p. 393 48. 11.9. Labeling Proteins With Fluorescent Dyes - p. 394 49. 11.10. Measuring Protein Concentration by Colorimetric Assay—The Bradford Assay - p. 397 50. 11.11. Thin-Layer Chromatography and Rf - p. 399 51. 11.12. Estimating a Protein's Molecular Weight by Gel Filtration - p. 401 52. 11.13. Protein Volume - p. 406 53. 11.14. Using β-Galactosidase to Monitor Promoter Activity and Gene Expression - p. 408 54. 11.15. The Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase Assay - p. 412 55. 11.16. Use of Luciferase in a Reporter Assay - p. 416 56. 11.17. DNA Polymerase Activity - p. 417 57. 11.18. In Vitro Translation—Determining Amino Acid Incorporation - p. 421 58. 11.19. The Isoelectric Point of a Protein - p. 422 59. Chapter Summary - p. 425 60. Chapter 12. Centrifugation - p. 431 61. Chapter 13. Forensics and Paternity - p. 439 62. Appendix A. Using Microsoft Excel's Graphing Utility - p. 465 63. Index - p. 477
Calculations in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Third Edition, helps researchers utilizing molecular biology and biotechnology techniques—from student to professional—understand which type of calculation to use and why. Research in biotechnology and molecular biology requires a vast amount of calculations. Results of one data set become the basis of the next. An error of choosing the wrong type of equation can turn what would have been a successful research project or weeks of labor and research into a veritable house of cards. It could be how you calculated the medium in which you test your sample to calculating how long it takes a sample to grow to calculating the synthesis of multiple variables.
In one easy to use reference, Stephenson reviews the mathematics and statistics related to the day-to-day functions of biotechnology and molecular biology labs, which is a sticking point for many students, technicians, and researchers. The book covers all of the basic mathematical and statistical needs for students and professionals, providing them with a useful tool for their work.
1. Introduction - p. 171 2. 8.1. Template and Amplification - p. 171 3. 8.2. Exponential Amplification - p. 173 4. 8.3. Polymerase Chain Reaction Efficiency - p. 176 5. 8.4. Calculating the Tm of the Target Sequence - p. 179 6. 8.5. Primers - p. 182 7. 8.6. Primer Tm - p. 187 8. 8.7. Deoxynucleoside Triphosphates - p. 194 9. 8.8. DNA Polymerase - p. 196 10. 8.9. Quantitative PCR - p. 199 11. Chapter Summary - p. 211 12. Chapter 9. Real-Time PCR - p. 215 13. Introduction - p. 215 14. 9.1. The Phases of a Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction - p. 216 15. 9.2. Controls - p. 218 16. 9.3. Absolute Quantification by the TaqMan Assay - p. 220 17. 9.4. Amplification Efficiency - p. 235 18. 9.5. Measuring Gene Expression - p. 239 19. 9.6. Relative Quantification: The ΔΔCT Method - p. 241 20. 9.7. Relative Standard Curve Method - p. 276 21. 9.8. Relative Quantification by Reaction Kinetics - p. 294 22. 9.9. The R0 Method of Relative Quantification - p. 300 23. 9.10. The Pfaffl Model - p. 303 24. 9.11. Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction - p. 306 25. Chapter Summary - p. 315 26. Chapter 10. Recombinant DNA - p. 321 27. Introduction - p. 321 28. 10.1. Restriction Endonucleases - p. 321 29. 10.2. Calculating the Amount of Fragment Ends - p. 324 30. 10.3. Ligation - p. 327 31. 10.4. Genomic Libraries—How Many Clones Do You Need? - p. 343 32. 10.5. cDNA Libraries—How Many Clones Are Enough? - p. 344 33. 10.6. Expression Libraries - p. 345 34. 10.7. Screening Recombinant Libraries by Hybridization to DNA Probes - p. 347 35. 10.8. Sizing DNA Fragments by Gel Electrophoresis - p. 357 36. 10.9. Generating Nested Deletions Using Nuclease BAL 31 - p. 365 37. Chapter Summary - p. 369 38. Chapter 11. Protein - p. 375 39. Introduction - p. 375 40. 11.1. Calculating a Protein's Molecular Weight From Its Sequence - p. 375 41. 11.2. Determining a Protein's Molecular Weight by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis - p. 379 42. 11.3. Protein Quantification by Measuring Absorbance at 280nm - p. 382 43. 11.4. Using Absorbance Coefficients and Extinction Coefficients to Estimate Protein Concentration - p. 383 44. 11.5. Relating Concentration in Milligrams per Milliliter to Molarity - p. 390 45. 11.6. Protein Quantitation Using A280 When Contaminating Nucleic Acids Are Present - p. 391 46. 11.7. Protein Quantification at 205nm - p. 392 47. 11.8. Protein Quantitation at 205nm When Contaminating Nucleic Acids Are Present - p. 393 48. 11.9. Labeling Proteins With Fluorescent Dyes - p. 394 49. 11.10. Measuring Protein Concentration by Colorimetric Assay—The Bradford Assay - p. 397 50. 11.11. Thin-Layer Chromatography and Rf - p. 399 51. 11.12. Estimating a Protein's Molecular Weight by Gel Filtration - p. 401 52. 11.13. Protein Volume - p. 406 53. 11.14. Using β-Galactosidase to Monitor Promoter Activity and Gene Expression - p. 408 54. 11.15. The Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase Assay - p. 412 55. 11.16. Use of Luciferase in a Reporter Assay - p. 416 56. 11.17. DNA Polymerase Activity - p. 417 57. 11.18. In Vitro Translation—Determining Amino Acid Incorporation - p. 421 58. 11.19. The Isoelectric Point of a Protein - p. 422 59. Chapter Summary - p. 425 60. Chapter 12. Centrifugation - p. 431 61. Chapter 13. Forensics and Paternity - p. 439 62. Appendix A. Using Microsoft Excel's Graphing Utility - p. 465 63. Index - p. 477
