With new and updated questions based on Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology 12th Edition content, this comprehensive review covers all the core material you need to know for board exam preparation and MOC exams. From basic science underpinnings to the most recent developments in medical and surgical care, more than 3,000 questions with detailed answers help you master the most important elements in urology. The high-yield, bulleted format and identical chapter structure as the parent text are designed for efficient, effective, targeted review—providing exactly the information you need for exam success
1. Title of Book - p. i 2. Cover image - p. i 3. Title page - p. ii 4. Table of Contents - p. iii 5. Copyright - p. iv 6. Contributors - p. v 7. How to Use This Study Guide - p. xvii 8. Part I. Clinical Decision Making - p. xvii 9. 1. Evaluation of the Urologic Patient: History and Physical Examination - p. 1 10. 2. Evaluation of the Urologic Patient: Testing and Imaging - p. 5 11. 3. Urinary Tract Imaging: Basic Principles of CT, MRI, and Plain Film Imaging - p. 7 12. 4. Urinary Tract Imaging: Basic Principles of Urologic Ultrasonography - p. 11 13. 5. Urinary Tract Imaging: Basic Principles of Nuclear Medicine - p. 15 14. 6. Assessment of Urologic and Surgical Outcomes - p. 17 15. 7. Ethics and Informed Consent - p. 19 16. Part II. Basics of Urologic Surgery - p. 20 17. 8. Principles of Urologic Surgery: Perioperative Care - p. 21 18. 9. Principles of Urologic Surgery: Incisions and Access - p. 23 19. 10. Principles of Urologic Surgery: Intraoperative Technical Decisions - p. 26 20. 11. Lower Urinary Tract Catheterization - p. 28 21. 12. Fundamentals of Upper Urinary Tract Drainage - p. 30 22. 13. Principles of Urologic Endoscopy - p. 36 23. 14. Fundamentals of Laparoscopic and Robotic Urologic Surgery - p. 38 24. 15. Basic Energy Modalities in Urologic Surgery - p. 44 25. 16. Evaluation and Management of Hematuria - p. 46 26. 17. Complications of Urologic Surgery - p. 50 27. 18. Urologic Considerations in Pregnancy - p. 52 28. 19. Intraoperative Consultation - p. 55 29. Pediatric Urology - p. 56 30. Section A. Development and Prenatal Urology - p. 56 31. 20. Embryology of the Human Genitourinary Tract - p. 57 32. 21. Urologic Aspects of Pediatric Nephrology - p. 60 33. 22. Perinatal Urology - p. 64 34. Section B. Basic Principles - p. 66 35. 23. Urologic Evaluation of the Child - p. 67 36. 24. Pediatric Urogenital Imaging - p. 70 37. 25. Infection and Inflammation of the Pediatric Genitourinary Tract - p. 72 38. 26. Core Principles of Perioperative Management in Children - p. 77 39. 27. Principles of Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery in Children - p. 80 40. SECTION. Lower Urinary Tract Conditions - p. 82 41. 28. Clinical and Urodynamic Evaluation of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Children - p. 83 42. 29. Management Strategies for Vesicoureteral Reflux - p. 86 43. 30. Bladder Anomalies in Children - p. 93 44. 31. Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex - p. 96 45. 32. Prune-Belly Syndrome - p. 103 46. 33. Posterior Urethral Valves - p. 106 47. 34. Neuromuscular Dysfunction of the Lower Urinary Tract in Children - p. 110 48. 35. Functional Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract in Children - p. 114 49. 36. Management of Defecation Disorders - p. 117 50. 37. Lower Urinary Tract Reconstruction in Children - p. 122 51. Section D. Upper Urinary Tract Conditions - p. 128 52. 38. Anomalies of the Upper Urinary Tract - p. 129 53. 39. Renal Dysgenesis and Cystic Disease of the Kidney - p. 132 54. 40. Pathophysiology of Urinary Tract Obstruction - p. 138 55. 41. Ectopic Ureter, Ureterocele, and Ureteral Anomalies - p. 140 56. 42. Surgery of the Ureter in Children: Ureteropelvic Junction, Megaureter, and Vesicoureteral Reflux - p. 144 57. 43. Management of Pediatric Kidney Stone Disease - p. 147 58. Section E. Genitalia - p. 148 59. 44. Management of Abnormalities of the External Genitalia in Boys - p. 149 60. 45. Hypospadias - p. 154 61. 46. Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Undescended Testis - p. 160 62. 47. Management of Abnormalities of the Genitalia in Girls - p. 164 63. 48. Disorders of Sexual Development: Etiology, Evaluation, and Medical Management - p. 166 64. Section F. Reconstruction and Trauma - p. 169 65. 49. Surgical Management of Differences of Sexual Differentiation and Cloacal and Anorectal Malformations - p. 170 66. 50. Adolescent and Transitional Urology - p. 172 67. 51. Urologic Considerations in Pediatric Renal Transplantation - p. 174 68. 52. Pediatric Genitourinary Trauma - p. 177 69. Section G. Oncology - p. 179 70. 53. Pediatric Urologic Oncology: Renal and Adrenal - p. 180 71. 54. Pediatric Urologic Oncology: Bladder and Testis - p. 184 72. Part IV. Infections and Inflammation - p. 186 73. 55. Infections of the Urinary Tract - p. 187 74. 56. Inflammatory and Pain Conditions of the Male Genitourinary Tract: Prostatitis and Related Pain Conditions, Orchitis, and Epididymitis - p. 196 75. 57. Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome and Related Disorders - p. 200 76. 58. Sexually Transmitted Diseases - p. 206 77. 59. Cutaneous Diseases of the External Genitalia - p. 211 78. 60. Tuberculosis and Parasitic Infections of the Genitourinary Tract - p. 218 79. Part V. Molecular and Cellular Biology - p. 223 80. 61. Basic Principles of Immunology and Immunotherapy in Urologic Oncology - p. 224 81. 62. Molecular Genetics and Cancer Biology - p. 227 82. Part VI. Reproductive and Sexual Function - p. 232 83. 63. Surgical, Radiographic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System - p. 233 84. 64. Male Reproductive Physiology - p. 236 85. 65. Integrated Men’s Health: Androgen Deficiency, Cardiovascular Risk, and Metabolic Syndrome - p. 239 86. 66. Male Infertility - p. 242 87. 67. Surgical Management of Male Infertility - p. 247 88. 68. Physiology of Penile Erection and Pathophysiology of Erectile Dysfunction - p. 253 89. 69. Evaluation and Management of Erectile Dysfunction - p. 256 90. 70. Priapism - p. 259 91. 71. Disorders of Male Orgasm and Ejaculation - p. 264 92. 72. Surgery for Erectile Dysfunction - p. 269 93. 73. Diagnosis and Management of Peyronie’s Disease - p. 271 94. 74. Sexual Function and Dysfunction in the Female - p. 275 95. Part VII. Male Genitalia - p. 278 96. 75. Surgical, Radiographic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Retroperitoneum - p. 279 97. 76. Neoplasms of the Testis - p. 284 98. 77. Surgery of Testicular Tumors - p. 293 99. 78. Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy for Testicular Tumors - p. 299 100. 79. Tumors of the Penis - p. 301 101. 80. Tumors of the Urethra - p. 306 102. 81. Inguinal Node Dissection - p. 309 103. 82. Surgery for Benign Disorders of the Penis and Urethra - p. 312 104. 83. Surgery of the Scrotum and Seminal Vesicles - p. 320 105. Part VIII. Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology - p. 323 106. 84. Surgical, Radiologic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Kidney and Ureter - p. 324 107. 85. Physiology and Pharmacology of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter - p. 327 108. 86. Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology Including Renovascular Hypertension - p. 331 109. 87. Renal Insufficiency and Ischemic Nephropathy - p. 334 110. 88. Urological Complications of Renal Transplantation - p. 338 111. Part IX. Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction and Trauma - p. 339 112. 89. Management of Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction - p. 340 113. 90. Upper Urinary Tract Trauma - p. 344 114. Part X. Urinary Lithiasis and Endourology - p. 346 115. 91. Urinary Lithiasis Etiology Epidemiology and Pathogenesis - p. 347 116. 92. Evaluation and Medical Management of Urinary Lithiasis - p. 352 117. 93. Strategies for Nonmedical Management of Upper Urinary Tract Calculi - p. 358 118. 94. Surgical Management for Upper Urinary Tract Calculi - p. 361 119. 95. Lower Urinary Tract Calculi - p. 365 120. Part XI. Neoplasms of the Upper Urinary Tract - p. 368 121. 96. Benign Renal Tumors - p. 369 122. 97. Malignant Renal Tumors - p. 372 123. 98. Urothelial Tumors of the Upper Urinary Tract and Ureter - p. 384 124. 99. Surgical Management of Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Tumors - p. 387 125. 100. Retroperitoneal Tumors - p. 389 126. 101. Open Surgery of the Kidney - p. 391 127. 102. Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery of the Kidney - p. 395 128. 103. Nonsurgical Focal Therapy for Renal Tumors - p. 399 129. 104. Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma - p. 401 130. Part XII. The Adrenals - p. 403 131. 105. Surgical and Radiographic Anatomy of the Adrenals - p. 404 132. 106. Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Medical Management of Adrenal Disorders - p. 406 133. 107. Surgery of the Adrenal Glands - p. 413 134. Part XIII. Urine Transport, Storage, and Emptying - p. 415 135. 108. Surgical, Radiographic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Female Pelvis - p. 416 136. 109. Surgical, Radiographic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Male Pelvis - p. 419 137. 110. Physiology and Pharmacology of the Bladder and Urethra - p. 422 138. 111. Pathophysiology and Classification of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: Overview - p. 427 139. 112. Evaluation and Management of Women With Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Prolapse - p. 431 140. 113. Evaluation and Management of Men With Urinary Incontinence - p. 436 141. 114. Urodynamic and Video-Urodynamic Evaluation of the Lower Urinary Tract - p. 439 142. 115. Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Prolapse: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology - p. 442 143. 116. Neuromuscular Dysfunction of the Lower Urinary Tract - p. 444 144. 117. Overactive Bladder - p. 449 145. 118. The Underactive Detrusor - p. 451 146. 119. Nocturia - p. 453 147. 120. Pharmacologic Management of Lower Urinary Tract Storage and Emptying Failure - p. 455 148. 121. Conservative Management of Urinary Incontinence: Behavioral and Pelvic Floor Therapy, Urethral and Pelvic Devices - p. 463 149. 122. Electrical Stimulation and Neuromodulation in Storage and Emptying Failure - p. 465 150. 123. Retropubic Suspension Surgery for Incontinence in Women - p. 469 151. 124. Vaginal and Abdominal Reconstructive Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse - p. 475 152. 125. Slings: Autologous, Biologic, Synthetic, and Midurethral - p. 479 153. 126. Complications Related to the Use of Mesh and Their Repair - p. 487 154. 127. Additional Therapies for Storage and Emptying Failure - p. 489 155. 128. Aging and Geriatric Urology - p. 492 156. 129. Urinary Tract Fistulae - p. 496 157. 130. Bladder and Female Urethral Diverticula - p. 502 158. 131. Surgical Procedures for Sphincteric Incontinence in the Male - p. 507 159. Part XIV. Benign and Malignant Bladder Disorders - p. 509 160. 132. Bladder Surgery for Benign Disease - p. 510 161. 133. Genital and Lower Urinary Tract Trauma - p. 513 162. 134. Special Urologic Considerations in Transgender Individuals - p. 516 163. 135. Tumors of the Bladder - p. 518 164. 136. Management Strategies for Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (Ta, T1, and CIS) - p. 526 165. 137. Management of Muscle-Invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer - p. 530 166. 138. Surgical Management of Bladder Cancer: Transurethral, Open, and Robotic - p. 533 167. 139. Use of Intestinal Segments in Urinary Diversion - p. 536 168. 140. Cutaneous Continent Urinary Diversion - p. 540 169. 141. Orthotopic Urinary Diversion - p. 546 170. 142. Minimally Invasive Urinary Diversion - p. 551 171. Part XV. The Prostate - p. 553 172. 143. Development, Molecular Biology, and Physiology of the Prostate - p. 554 173. 144. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Etiology, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Natural History - p. 557 174. 145. Evaluation and Nonsurgical Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia - p. 561 175. 146. Minimally Invasive and Endoscopic Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia - p. 566 176. 147. Simple Prostatectomy: Open and Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Approaches - p. 569 177. 148. Epidemiology, Etiology, and Prevention of Prostate Cancer - p. 571 178. 149. Prostate Cancer Biomarkers - p. 574 179. 150. Prostate Biopsy: Techniques and Imaging - p. 577 180. 151. Pathology of Prostatic Neoplasia - p. 581 181. 152. Diagnosis and Staging of Prostate Cancer - p. 583 182. 153. Active Management Strategies for Localized Prostate Cancer - p. 586 183. 154. Active Surveillance of Prostate Cancer - p. 590 184. 155. Open Radical Prostatectomy - p. 592 185. 156. Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy and Pelvic Lymphadenectomy - p. 597 186. 157. Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer - p. 600 187. 158. Focal Therapy for Prostate Cancer - p. 603 188. 159. Treatment of Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer - p. 606 189. 160. Management Strategies for Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer - p. 609 190. 161. Hormonal Therapy for Prostate Cancer - p. 611 191. 162. Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer - p. 615
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With new and updated questions based on Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology 12th Edition content, this comprehensive review covers all the core material you need to know for board exam preparation and MOC exams. From basic science underpinnings to the most recent developments in medical and surgical care, more than 3,000 questions with detailed answers help you master the most important elements in urology. The high-yield, bulleted format and identical chapter structure as the parent text are designed for efficient, effective, targeted review—providing exactly the information you need for exam success
1. Title of Book - p. i 2. Cover image - p. i 3. Title page - p. ii 4. Table of Contents - p. iii 5. Copyright - p. iv 6. Contributors - p. v 7. How to Use This Study Guide - p. xvii 8. Part I. Clinical Decision Making - p. xvii 9. 1. Evaluation of the Urologic Patient: History and Physical Examination - p. 1 10. 2. Evaluation of the Urologic Patient: Testing and Imaging - p. 5 11. 3. Urinary Tract Imaging: Basic Principles of CT, MRI, and Plain Film Imaging - p. 7 12. 4. Urinary Tract Imaging: Basic Principles of Urologic Ultrasonography - p. 11 13. 5. Urinary Tract Imaging: Basic Principles of Nuclear Medicine - p. 15 14. 6. Assessment of Urologic and Surgical Outcomes - p. 17 15. 7. Ethics and Informed Consent - p. 19 16. Part II. Basics of Urologic Surgery - p. 20 17. 8. Principles of Urologic Surgery: Perioperative Care - p. 21 18. 9. Principles of Urologic Surgery: Incisions and Access - p. 23 19. 10. Principles of Urologic Surgery: Intraoperative Technical Decisions - p. 26 20. 11. Lower Urinary Tract Catheterization - p. 28 21. 12. Fundamentals of Upper Urinary Tract Drainage - p. 30 22. 13. Principles of Urologic Endoscopy - p. 36 23. 14. Fundamentals of Laparoscopic and Robotic Urologic Surgery - p. 38 24. 15. Basic Energy Modalities in Urologic Surgery - p. 44 25. 16. Evaluation and Management of Hematuria - p. 46 26. 17. Complications of Urologic Surgery - p. 50 27. 18. Urologic Considerations in Pregnancy - p. 52 28. 19. Intraoperative Consultation - p. 55 29. Pediatric Urology - p. 56 30. Section A. Development and Prenatal Urology - p. 56 31. 20. Embryology of the Human Genitourinary Tract - p. 57 32. 21. Urologic Aspects of Pediatric Nephrology - p. 60 33. 22. Perinatal Urology - p. 64 34. Section B. Basic Principles - p. 66 35. 23. Urologic Evaluation of the Child - p. 67 36. 24. Pediatric Urogenital Imaging - p. 70 37. 25. Infection and Inflammation of the Pediatric Genitourinary Tract - p. 72 38. 26. Core Principles of Perioperative Management in Children - p. 77 39. 27. Principles of Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery in Children - p. 80 40. SECTION. Lower Urinary Tract Conditions - p. 82 41. 28. Clinical and Urodynamic Evaluation of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Children - p. 83 42. 29. Management Strategies for Vesicoureteral Reflux - p. 86 43. 30. Bladder Anomalies in Children - p. 93 44. 31. Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex - p. 96 45. 32. Prune-Belly Syndrome - p. 103 46. 33. Posterior Urethral Valves - p. 106 47. 34. Neuromuscular Dysfunction of the Lower Urinary Tract in Children - p. 110 48. 35. Functional Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract in Children - p. 114 49. 36. Management of Defecation Disorders - p. 117 50. 37. Lower Urinary Tract Reconstruction in Children - p. 122 51. Section D. Upper Urinary Tract Conditions - p. 128 52. 38. Anomalies of the Upper Urinary Tract - p. 129 53. 39. Renal Dysgenesis and Cystic Disease of the Kidney - p. 132 54. 40. Pathophysiology of Urinary Tract Obstruction - p. 138 55. 41. Ectopic Ureter, Ureterocele, and Ureteral Anomalies - p. 140 56. 42. Surgery of the Ureter in Children: Ureteropelvic Junction, Megaureter, and Vesicoureteral Reflux - p. 144 57. 43. Management of Pediatric Kidney Stone Disease - p. 147 58. Section E. Genitalia - p. 148 59. 44. Management of Abnormalities of the External Genitalia in Boys - p. 149 60. 45. Hypospadias - p. 154 61. 46. Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Undescended Testis - p. 160 62. 47. Management of Abnormalities of the Genitalia in Girls - p. 164 63. 48. Disorders of Sexual Development: Etiology, Evaluation, and Medical Management - p. 166 64. Section F. Reconstruction and Trauma - p. 169 65. 49. Surgical Management of Differences of Sexual Differentiation and Cloacal and Anorectal Malformations - p. 170 66. 50. Adolescent and Transitional Urology - p. 172 67. 51. Urologic Considerations in Pediatric Renal Transplantation - p. 174 68. 52. Pediatric Genitourinary Trauma - p. 177 69. Section G. Oncology - p. 179 70. 53. Pediatric Urologic Oncology: Renal and Adrenal - p. 180 71. 54. Pediatric Urologic Oncology: Bladder and Testis - p. 184 72. Part IV. Infections and Inflammation - p. 186 73. 55. Infections of the Urinary Tract - p. 187 74. 56. Inflammatory and Pain Conditions of the Male Genitourinary Tract: Prostatitis and Related Pain Conditions, Orchitis, and Epididymitis - p. 196 75. 57. Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome and Related Disorders - p. 200 76. 58. Sexually Transmitted Diseases - p. 206 77. 59. Cutaneous Diseases of the External Genitalia - p. 211 78. 60. Tuberculosis and Parasitic Infections of the Genitourinary Tract - p. 218 79. Part V. Molecular and Cellular Biology - p. 223 80. 61. Basic Principles of Immunology and Immunotherapy in Urologic Oncology - p. 224 81. 62. Molecular Genetics and Cancer Biology - p. 227 82. Part VI. Reproductive and Sexual Function - p. 232 83. 63. Surgical, Radiographic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System - p. 233 84. 64. Male Reproductive Physiology - p. 236 85. 65. Integrated Men’s Health: Androgen Deficiency, Cardiovascular Risk, and Metabolic Syndrome - p. 239 86. 66. Male Infertility - p. 242 87. 67. Surgical Management of Male Infertility - p. 247 88. 68. Physiology of Penile Erection and Pathophysiology of Erectile Dysfunction - p. 253 89. 69. Evaluation and Management of Erectile Dysfunction - p. 256 90. 70. Priapism - p. 259 91. 71. Disorders of Male Orgasm and Ejaculation - p. 264 92. 72. Surgery for Erectile Dysfunction - p. 269 93. 73. Diagnosis and Management of Peyronie’s Disease - p. 271 94. 74. Sexual Function and Dysfunction in the Female - p. 275 95. Part VII. Male Genitalia - p. 278 96. 75. Surgical, Radiographic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Retroperitoneum - p. 279 97. 76. Neoplasms of the Testis - p. 284 98. 77. Surgery of Testicular Tumors - p. 293 99. 78. Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy for Testicular Tumors - p. 299 100. 79. Tumors of the Penis - p. 301 101. 80. Tumors of the Urethra - p. 306 102. 81. Inguinal Node Dissection - p. 309 103. 82. Surgery for Benign Disorders of the Penis and Urethra - p. 312 104. 83. Surgery of the Scrotum and Seminal Vesicles - p. 320 105. Part VIII. Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology - p. 323 106. 84. Surgical, Radiologic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Kidney and Ureter - p. 324 107. 85. Physiology and Pharmacology of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter - p. 327 108. 86. Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology Including Renovascular Hypertension - p. 331 109. 87. Renal Insufficiency and Ischemic Nephropathy - p. 334 110. 88. Urological Complications of Renal Transplantation - p. 338 111. Part IX. Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction and Trauma - p. 339 112. 89. Management of Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction - p. 340 113. 90. Upper Urinary Tract Trauma - p. 344 114. Part X. Urinary Lithiasis and Endourology - p. 346 115. 91. Urinary Lithiasis Etiology Epidemiology and Pathogenesis - p. 347 116. 92. Evaluation and Medical Management of Urinary Lithiasis - p. 352 117. 93. Strategies for Nonmedical Management of Upper Urinary Tract Calculi - p. 358 118. 94. Surgical Management for Upper Urinary Tract Calculi - p. 361 119. 95. Lower Urinary Tract Calculi - p. 365 120. Part XI. Neoplasms of the Upper Urinary Tract - p. 368 121. 96. Benign Renal Tumors - p. 369 122. 97. Malignant Renal Tumors - p. 372 123. 98. Urothelial Tumors of the Upper Urinary Tract and Ureter - p. 384 124. 99. Surgical Management of Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Tumors - p. 387 125. 100. Retroperitoneal Tumors - p. 389 126. 101. Open Surgery of the Kidney - p. 391 127. 102. Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery of the Kidney - p. 395 128. 103. Nonsurgical Focal Therapy for Renal Tumors - p. 399 129. 104. Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma - p. 401 130. Part XII. The Adrenals - p. 403 131. 105. Surgical and Radiographic Anatomy of the Adrenals - p. 404 132. 106. Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Medical Management of Adrenal Disorders - p. 406 133. 107. Surgery of the Adrenal Glands - p. 413 134. Part XIII. Urine Transport, Storage, and Emptying - p. 415 135. 108. Surgical, Radiographic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Female Pelvis - p. 416 136. 109. Surgical, Radiographic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Male Pelvis - p. 419 137. 110. Physiology and Pharmacology of the Bladder and Urethra - p. 422 138. 111. Pathophysiology and Classification of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: Overview - p. 427 139. 112. Evaluation and Management of Women With Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Prolapse - p. 431 140. 113. Evaluation and Management of Men With Urinary Incontinence - p. 436 141. 114. Urodynamic and Video-Urodynamic Evaluation of the Lower Urinary Tract - p. 439 142. 115. Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Prolapse: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology - p. 442 143. 116. Neuromuscular Dysfunction of the Lower Urinary Tract - p. 444 144. 117. Overactive Bladder - p. 449 145. 118. The Underactive Detrusor - p. 451 146. 119. Nocturia - p. 453 147. 120. Pharmacologic Management of Lower Urinary Tract Storage and Emptying Failure - p. 455 148. 121. Conservative Management of Urinary Incontinence: Behavioral and Pelvic Floor Therapy, Urethral and Pelvic Devices - p. 463 149. 122. Electrical Stimulation and Neuromodulation in Storage and Emptying Failure - p. 465 150. 123. Retropubic Suspension Surgery for Incontinence in Women - p. 469 151. 124. Vaginal and Abdominal Reconstructive Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse - p. 475 152. 125. Slings: Autologous, Biologic, Synthetic, and Midurethral - p. 479 153. 126. Complications Related to the Use of Mesh and Their Repair - p. 487 154. 127. Additional Therapies for Storage and Emptying Failure - p. 489 155. 128. Aging and Geriatric Urology - p. 492 156. 129. Urinary Tract Fistulae - p. 496 157. 130. Bladder and Female Urethral Diverticula - p. 502 158. 131. Surgical Procedures for Sphincteric Incontinence in the Male - p. 507 159. Part XIV. Benign and Malignant Bladder Disorders - p. 509 160. 132. Bladder Surgery for Benign Disease - p. 510 161. 133. Genital and Lower Urinary Tract Trauma - p. 513 162. 134. Special Urologic Considerations in Transgender Individuals - p. 516 163. 135. Tumors of the Bladder - p. 518 164. 136. Management Strategies for Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (Ta, T1, and CIS) - p. 526 165. 137. Management of Muscle-Invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer - p. 530 166. 138. Surgical Management of Bladder Cancer: Transurethral, Open, and Robotic - p. 533 167. 139. Use of Intestinal Segments in Urinary Diversion - p. 536 168. 140. Cutaneous Continent Urinary Diversion - p. 540 169. 141. Orthotopic Urinary Diversion - p. 546 170. 142. Minimally Invasive Urinary Diversion - p. 551 171. Part XV. The Prostate - p. 553 172. 143. Development, Molecular Biology, and Physiology of the Prostate - p. 554 173. 144. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Etiology, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Natural History - p. 557 174. 145. Evaluation and Nonsurgical Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia - p. 561 175. 146. Minimally Invasive and Endoscopic Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia - p. 566 176. 147. Simple Prostatectomy: Open and Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Approaches - p. 569 177. 148. Epidemiology, Etiology, and Prevention of Prostate Cancer - p. 571 178. 149. Prostate Cancer Biomarkers - p. 574 179. 150. Prostate Biopsy: Techniques and Imaging - p. 577 180. 151. Pathology of Prostatic Neoplasia - p. 581 181. 152. Diagnosis and Staging of Prostate Cancer - p. 583 182. 153. Active Management Strategies for Localized Prostate Cancer - p. 586 183. 154. Active Surveillance of Prostate Cancer - p. 590 184. 155. Open Radical Prostatectomy - p. 592 185. 156. Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy and Pelvic Lymphadenectomy - p. 597 186. 157. Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer - p. 600 187. 158. Focal Therapy for Prostate Cancer - p. 603 188. 159. Treatment of Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer - p. 606 189. 160. Management Strategies for Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer - p. 609 190. 161. Hormonal Therapy for Prostate Cancer - p. 611 191. 162. Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer - p. 615
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