Offering up-to-date, multidisciplinary coverage of this nuanced and evolving field, Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea provides a comprehensive overview of the evaluation and diagnosis, as well as the medical and surgical management options, for all causes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. It covers all aspects of CSF leaks, synthesizing current knowledge on pathophysiology, diagnosis, perioperative care, and operative techniques for this complex group of patients. Leading experts in otolaryngology and neurosurgery, as well as ophthalmology, neurology, and radiology, provide detailed coverage of the distinctions between management of patients with differing etiologies of CSF rhinorrhea, including spontaneous, traumatic/iatrogenic, and tumor-related.
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. iii 5. Dedication - p. v 6. Foreword - p. vi 7. Contributors - p. vii 8. List of Tables - p. ix 9. List of Illustrations - p. x 10. Videos - p. x 11. PART I. Evaluation and Diagnosis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea - p. x 12. 1. Categorizing cerebrospinal fluid leaks: A framework for understanding - p. x 13. 2. Evaluation of the patients with cerebrospinal fluid leaks: History and physical examination - p. 10 14. 3. Confirmatory testing for cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea - p. 18 15. 4. Role of imaging studies in the evaluation and localization of cerebrospinal fluid leaks - p. 23 16. PART II. Cerebrospinal Fluid Physiology and Anatomy of the Cranial Base - p. 34 17. 5. Cerebrospinal fluid physiology and dynamics - p. 34 18. 6. Surgical anatomy of the anterior cranial fossa - p. 40 19. 7. Surgical anatomy of the middle cranial fossa - p. 46 20. 8. Surgical anatomy of the posterior cranial fossa - p. 53 21. PART III. Traumatic and Iatrogenic Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks - p. 58 22. 9. Pathophysiology and clinical evaluation of iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea after sinus surgery - p. 58 23. 10. Pathophysiology and clinical evaluation of blunt force and penetrating trauma of the anterior cranial base - p. 64 24. 11. Imaging of anterior skull base trauma - p. 68 25. 12. Surgical management of iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea - p. 76 26. 13. Surgical management of large traumatic anterior cranial base defects via craniotomy - p. 84 27. 14. Postoperative management of traumatic cranial base defects - p. 90 28. PART IV. Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks and Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension - p. 95 29. 15. Pathophysiology of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks and their relationship with idiopathic intracranial hypertension - p. 95 30. 16. Diagnosis and medical management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension - p. 102 31. 17. Surgical management of refractory idiopathic intracranial hypertension - p. 107 32. 18. Ophthalmologic evaluation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension - p. 114 33. 19. Radiologic findings in idiopathic intracranial hypertension - p. 130 34. 20. Evaluation and management of congenital skull base defects - p. 138 35. 21. Surgical management of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak of the cribriform plate - p. 143 36. 22. Surgical management of lateral sphenoid recess meningoencephaloceles and cerebrospinal fluid leaks - p. 149 37. 23. Surgical m anagement of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea arising from clival defects - p. 155 38. 24. Postoperative management after cerebrospinal fluid leak repair in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension - p. 160 39. PART V. Endoscopic Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair and Skull Base Reconstruction and After Tumor Surgery - p. 165 40. 25. Clinical evaluation of the sellar mass patient - p. 165 41. 26. Clinical evaluation of patients with skull base malignancies - p. 171 42. 27. Radiologic evaluation of skull base masses - p. 178 43. 28. Decision making in endoscopic skull base reconstruction: A graduated approach - p. 198 44. 29. The nasoseptal flap: The workhorse for skull base reconstruction - p. 206 45. 30. Locoregional pedicled flap options for skull base reconstruction - p. 210 46. 31. Sellar reconstruction after pituitary adenoma resection - p. 220 47. 32. Reconstruction after transtuberculum and transplanum approaches to suprasellar pathology - p. 227 48. 33. Endoscopic reconstruction of anterior cranial fossa defects - p. 235 49. 34. Endoscopic reconstruction of middle cranial fossa defects - p. 244 50. 35. Endoscopic reconstruction of posterior cranial fossa defects - p. 256 51. 36. Transorbital and transfrontal approaches to cerebrospinal fluid leak repair - p. 266 52. 37. Free flap reconstruction of skull base defects - p. 275 53. 38. Postoperative management after reconstruction following skull base tumor surgery - p. 286 54. PART VI. Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion and Advances in Instrumentation and Biomaterials - p. 293 55. 39. Role of cerebrospinal fluid diversion in cerebrospinal fluid leak repairs and skull base surgery - p. 293 56. 40. Advances in endoscopic visualization and surgical navigation - p. 298 57. 41. Powered instrumentation and bipolar technology in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery - p. 308 58. 42. Evolution of synthetic graft materials and dural sealants for cerebrospinal fluid leak repair - p. 316 59. Index - p. 325
Offering up-to-date, multidisciplinary coverage of this nuanced and evolving field, Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea provides a comprehensive overview of the evaluation and diagnosis, as well as the medical and surgical management options, for all causes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. It covers all aspects of CSF leaks, synthesizing current knowledge on pathophysiology, diagnosis, perioperative care, and operative techniques for this complex group of patients. Leading experts in otolaryngology and neurosurgery, as well as ophthalmology, neurology, and radiology, provide detailed coverage of the distinctions between management of patients with differing etiologies of CSF rhinorrhea, including spontaneous, traumatic/iatrogenic, and tumor-related.
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. iii 5. Dedication - p. v 6. Foreword - p. vi 7. Contributors - p. vii 8. List of Tables - p. ix 9. List of Illustrations - p. x 10. Videos - p. x 11. PART I. Evaluation and Diagnosis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea - p. x 12. 1. Categorizing cerebrospinal fluid leaks: A framework for understanding - p. x 13. 2. Evaluation of the patients with cerebrospinal fluid leaks: History and physical examination - p. 10 14. 3. Confirmatory testing for cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea - p. 18 15. 4. Role of imaging studies in the evaluation and localization of cerebrospinal fluid leaks - p. 23 16. PART II. Cerebrospinal Fluid Physiology and Anatomy of the Cranial Base - p. 34 17. 5. Cerebrospinal fluid physiology and dynamics - p. 34 18. 6. Surgical anatomy of the anterior cranial fossa - p. 40 19. 7. Surgical anatomy of the middle cranial fossa - p. 46 20. 8. Surgical anatomy of the posterior cranial fossa - p. 53 21. PART III. Traumatic and Iatrogenic Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks - p. 58 22. 9. Pathophysiology and clinical evaluation of iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea after sinus surgery - p. 58 23. 10. Pathophysiology and clinical evaluation of blunt force and penetrating trauma of the anterior cranial base - p. 64 24. 11. Imaging of anterior skull base trauma - p. 68 25. 12. Surgical management of iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea - p. 76 26. 13. Surgical management of large traumatic anterior cranial base defects via craniotomy - p. 84 27. 14. Postoperative management of traumatic cranial base defects - p. 90 28. PART IV. Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks and Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension - p. 95 29. 15. Pathophysiology of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks and their relationship with idiopathic intracranial hypertension - p. 95 30. 16. Diagnosis and medical management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension - p. 102 31. 17. Surgical management of refractory idiopathic intracranial hypertension - p. 107 32. 18. Ophthalmologic evaluation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension - p. 114 33. 19. Radiologic findings in idiopathic intracranial hypertension - p. 130 34. 20. Evaluation and management of congenital skull base defects - p. 138 35. 21. Surgical management of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak of the cribriform plate - p. 143 36. 22. Surgical management of lateral sphenoid recess meningoencephaloceles and cerebrospinal fluid leaks - p. 149 37. 23. Surgical m anagement of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea arising from clival defects - p. 155 38. 24. Postoperative management after cerebrospinal fluid leak repair in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension - p. 160 39. PART V. Endoscopic Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair and Skull Base Reconstruction and After Tumor Surgery - p. 165 40. 25. Clinical evaluation of the sellar mass patient - p. 165 41. 26. Clinical evaluation of patients with skull base malignancies - p. 171 42. 27. Radiologic evaluation of skull base masses - p. 178 43. 28. Decision making in endoscopic skull base reconstruction: A graduated approach - p. 198 44. 29. The nasoseptal flap: The workhorse for skull base reconstruction - p. 206 45. 30. Locoregional pedicled flap options for skull base reconstruction - p. 210 46. 31. Sellar reconstruction after pituitary adenoma resection - p. 220 47. 32. Reconstruction after transtuberculum and transplanum approaches to suprasellar pathology - p. 227 48. 33. Endoscopic reconstruction of anterior cranial fossa defects - p. 235 49. 34. Endoscopic reconstruction of middle cranial fossa defects - p. 244 50. 35. Endoscopic reconstruction of posterior cranial fossa defects - p. 256 51. 36. Transorbital and transfrontal approaches to cerebrospinal fluid leak repair - p. 266 52. 37. Free flap reconstruction of skull base defects - p. 275 53. 38. Postoperative management after reconstruction following skull base tumor surgery - p. 286 54. PART VI. Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion and Advances in Instrumentation and Biomaterials - p. 293 55. 39. Role of cerebrospinal fluid diversion in cerebrospinal fluid leak repairs and skull base surgery - p. 293 56. 40. Advances in endoscopic visualization and surgical navigation - p. 298 57. 41. Powered instrumentation and bipolar technology in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery - p. 308 58. 42. Evolution of synthetic graft materials and dural sealants for cerebrospinal fluid leak repair - p. 316 59. Index - p. 325
