Conceptual Breakthroughs in the Evolutionary Biology of Aging continues the innovative Conceptual Breakthroughs series by providing a comprehensive outline of the major breakthroughs that built the evolutionary biology of aging as a leading scientific field. Following the evolutionary study of aging from its humble origins to the present, the book's chapters treat the field’s breakthroughs one at a time. Users will find a concise and accessible analysis of the science of aging viewed through an evolutionary lens. Building upon widely-cited studies conducted by author Michael Rose, this book covers 30 subsequent years of growth and development within the field.The book highlights key publications for those who are not experts in the field, providing an important resource for researchers. Given the prevailing interest in changing the aging process dramatically, it is a powerful tool for readers who have a vested interest in understanding its causes and future control measures.
1. Chapter One. Introduction - p. 1 2. Chapter Two. 384–322 B.C: The first biologist on aging - p. 7 3. Chapter Three. 1645: A tale of two Bacons - p. 11 4. Chapter Four. 1881: Natural selection is the ultimate determinant of aging - p. 15 5. Chapter Five. 1922: Early laboratory experiments on demography - p. 19 6. Chapter Six. 1928: Basic mathematics of selection with age-structure - p. 23 7. Chapter Seven. 1930: First explanation of aging by age-specific patterns of selection - p. 27 8. Chapter Eight. 1941: First proposal of the general idea of declining force of natural selection - p. 31 9. Chapter Nine. 1946–57: Verbal hypotheses for the evolutionary genetics of aging - p. 35 10. Chapter Ten. 1953: Absence of a Lansing effect in inbred Drosophila - p. 39 11. Chapter Eleven. 1961: Presence of aging in a fish with continued adult growth - p. 43 12. Chapter Twelve. 1966: Mathematical derivation of the forces of natural selection - p. 45 13. Chapter Thirteen. 1960s: Falsification of the somatic mutation theory - p. 51 14. Chapter Fourteen. 1960s: Falsification of the translation error catastrophe theory - p. 55 15. Chapter Fifteen. 1968: Proposal of experimental designs to test evolutionary theories of aging - p. 59 16. Chapter Sixteen. 1968: Accidental evolutionary postponement of aging - p. 61 17. Chapter Seventeen. 1970: Experimental evolution of accelerated aging in Tribolium - p. 65 18. Chapter Eighteen. 1970–74: Development of evolutionary genetics of age-structured populations - p. 67 19. Chapter Nineteen. 1975: Application of Charlesworth's theory to the evolution of aging - p. 73 20. Chapter Twenty. 1980: Full development of evolutionary genetic theory for aging - p. 77 21. Chapter Twenty One. 1980–81: Quantitative genetic tests of hypotheses for the evolution of aging - p. 83 22. Chapter Twenty Two. 1980–84: Mitigation of aging by postponing the decline in forces of natural selection - p. 87 23. Chapter Twenty Three. 1977–1988: Characterization of Caenorhabditis elegans mutants with extended lifespan - p. 95 24. Chapter Twenty four. 1982–85: Further mathematical characterization of evolution with antagonistic pleiotropy - p. 99 25. Chapter Twenty Five. 1984: Genetic covariation is shifted to positive values by inbreeding - p. 105 26. Chapter Twenty Six. 1984: Direct demonstration of nonaging in fissile species - p. 109 27. Chapter Twenty seven. 1989: Additional experiments support antagonistic pleiotropy - p. 113 28. Chapter Twenty eight. 1985: Genotype-by-environment interaction shown for aging - p. 117 29. Chapter Twenty nine. 1985–onward: Evolutionary physiology of aging - p. 123 30. Chapter Thirty. 1987: Accelerated senescence explained in terms of mutation accumulation with inbreeding depression - p. 129 31. Chapter Thirty one. 1988: Reverse evolution of aging - p. 133 32. Chapter Thirty two. 1985–88: Genetic analysis of aging in males - p. 137 33. Chapter Thirty three. 1987–1991: Quantitative genetic analysis of how many genes determine aging - p. 141 34. Chapter Thirty four. 1988: Evidence for senescence in the wild - p. 145 35. Chapter Thirty five. 1989–onward: Molecular genetic variation at selected loci in the evolution of aging - p. 149 36. Chapter Thirty six. 1988–89: The evolutionary logic of extending lifespan by dietary restriction - p. 153 37. Chapter Thirty seven. 1992: Selection for stress resistance increases lifespan - p. 157 38. Chapter Thirty eight. 1992: In late adult life, mortality rates stop increasing - p. 159 39. Chapter Thirty nine. 1993–1995: Evolution of increased longevity among mammals, in the wild and the lab - p. 163 40. Chapter Forty. 1993: Evolutionary physiology of dietary restriction - p. 165 41. Chapter Forty one. 1993: Genetic association between dauer metabolic arrest and increased lifespan - p. 169 42. Chapter Forty two. 1992–95: Experimental evolution of aging is connected to development - p. 173 43. Chapter Forty three. 1994–96: Evidence for mutation accumulation affecting virility and aging - p. 177 44. Chapter Forty four. 1996–98: Physiological research on evolution of aging supports organismal mechanisms - p. 181 45. Chapter Forty five. 1996: Late-life mortality plateaus explained using evolutionary theory - p. 185 46. Chapter Forty six. 1998–2003: Falsification of lifelong heterogeneity models for the cessation of aging - p. 189 47. Chapter Forty seven. 1998–2000: Discovery of Drosophila mutants that sometimes increase longevity - p. 193 48. Chapter Forty eight. 1999–2004: Nematode longevity mutants show antagonistic pleiotropy - p. 197 49. Chapter Forty nine. 2002–06: Evolution of life-history fits evolutionary analysis of late life - p. 201 50. Chapter Fifty. 2003–2005: Breakdown in correlations between stress resistance and aging - p. 207 51. Chapter Fifty one. 2007–11: Development of demographic models that separate aging from dying - p. 211 52. Chapter Fifty two. 2010: Studying the evolutionary origins of aging in bacteria - p. 217 53. Chapter Fifty three. 2010: Genome-wide sequencing of evolved aging reveals many sites - p. 221 54. Chapter Fifty four. 2011–19: Evolutionary transcriptomics also reveal complex physiology of aging - p. 227 55. Chapter Fifty five. 2012: Late life is physiologically different from aging - p. 233 56. Chapter Fifty six. 2014: Genomic studies of centenarians have low scientific power - p. 239 57. Chapter Fifty seven. 2015: Evolutionary genetic effects produce two evolutionary biologies of aging - p. 243 58. Chapter Fifty eight. 2016: Experimental evolution can produce nonaging young adults - p. 247 59. Chapter Fifty nine. 2017: The heart is implicated in the evolution of aging - p. 251 60. Chapter Sixty. 2020: Evolutionary adaptation to diet and its impact on healthspan - p. 255 61. Conclusion - p. 259 62. Glossary - p. 267 63. Author Index - p. 277 64. Index - p. 285
Conceptual Breakthroughs in the Evolutionary Biology of Aging continues the innovative Conceptual Breakthroughs series by providing a comprehensive outline of the major breakthroughs that built the evolutionary biology of aging as a leading scientific field. Following the evolutionary study of aging from its humble origins to the present, the book's chapters treat the field’s breakthroughs one at a time. Users will find a concise and accessible analysis of the science of aging viewed through an evolutionary lens. Building upon widely-cited studies conducted by author Michael Rose, this book covers 30 subsequent years of growth and development within the field.The book highlights key publications for those who are not experts in the field, providing an important resource for researchers. Given the prevailing interest in changing the aging process dramatically, it is a powerful tool for readers who have a vested interest in understanding its causes and future control measures.
1. Chapter One. Introduction - p. 1 2. Chapter Two. 384–322 B.C: The first biologist on aging - p. 7 3. Chapter Three. 1645: A tale of two Bacons - p. 11 4. Chapter Four. 1881: Natural selection is the ultimate determinant of aging - p. 15 5. Chapter Five. 1922: Early laboratory experiments on demography - p. 19 6. Chapter Six. 1928: Basic mathematics of selection with age-structure - p. 23 7. Chapter Seven. 1930: First explanation of aging by age-specific patterns of selection - p. 27 8. Chapter Eight. 1941: First proposal of the general idea of declining force of natural selection - p. 31 9. Chapter Nine. 1946–57: Verbal hypotheses for the evolutionary genetics of aging - p. 35 10. Chapter Ten. 1953: Absence of a Lansing effect in inbred Drosophila - p. 39 11. Chapter Eleven. 1961: Presence of aging in a fish with continued adult growth - p. 43 12. Chapter Twelve. 1966: Mathematical derivation of the forces of natural selection - p. 45 13. Chapter Thirteen. 1960s: Falsification of the somatic mutation theory - p. 51 14. Chapter Fourteen. 1960s: Falsification of the translation error catastrophe theory - p. 55 15. Chapter Fifteen. 1968: Proposal of experimental designs to test evolutionary theories of aging - p. 59 16. Chapter Sixteen. 1968: Accidental evolutionary postponement of aging - p. 61 17. Chapter Seventeen. 1970: Experimental evolution of accelerated aging in Tribolium - p. 65 18. Chapter Eighteen. 1970–74: Development of evolutionary genetics of age-structured populations - p. 67 19. Chapter Nineteen. 1975: Application of Charlesworth's theory to the evolution of aging - p. 73 20. Chapter Twenty. 1980: Full development of evolutionary genetic theory for aging - p. 77 21. Chapter Twenty One. 1980–81: Quantitative genetic tests of hypotheses for the evolution of aging - p. 83 22. Chapter Twenty Two. 1980–84: Mitigation of aging by postponing the decline in forces of natural selection - p. 87 23. Chapter Twenty Three. 1977–1988: Characterization of Caenorhabditis elegans mutants with extended lifespan - p. 95 24. Chapter Twenty four. 1982–85: Further mathematical characterization of evolution with antagonistic pleiotropy - p. 99 25. Chapter Twenty Five. 1984: Genetic covariation is shifted to positive values by inbreeding - p. 105 26. Chapter Twenty Six. 1984: Direct demonstration of nonaging in fissile species - p. 109 27. Chapter Twenty seven. 1989: Additional experiments support antagonistic pleiotropy - p. 113 28. Chapter Twenty eight. 1985: Genotype-by-environment interaction shown for aging - p. 117 29. Chapter Twenty nine. 1985–onward: Evolutionary physiology of aging - p. 123 30. Chapter Thirty. 1987: Accelerated senescence explained in terms of mutation accumulation with inbreeding depression - p. 129 31. Chapter Thirty one. 1988: Reverse evolution of aging - p. 133 32. Chapter Thirty two. 1985–88: Genetic analysis of aging in males - p. 137 33. Chapter Thirty three. 1987–1991: Quantitative genetic analysis of how many genes determine aging - p. 141 34. Chapter Thirty four. 1988: Evidence for senescence in the wild - p. 145 35. Chapter Thirty five. 1989–onward: Molecular genetic variation at selected loci in the evolution of aging - p. 149 36. Chapter Thirty six. 1988–89: The evolutionary logic of extending lifespan by dietary restriction - p. 153 37. Chapter Thirty seven. 1992: Selection for stress resistance increases lifespan - p. 157 38. Chapter Thirty eight. 1992: In late adult life, mortality rates stop increasing - p. 159 39. Chapter Thirty nine. 1993–1995: Evolution of increased longevity among mammals, in the wild and the lab - p. 163 40. Chapter Forty. 1993: Evolutionary physiology of dietary restriction - p. 165 41. Chapter Forty one. 1993: Genetic association between dauer metabolic arrest and increased lifespan - p. 169 42. Chapter Forty two. 1992–95: Experimental evolution of aging is connected to development - p. 173 43. Chapter Forty three. 1994–96: Evidence for mutation accumulation affecting virility and aging - p. 177 44. Chapter Forty four. 1996–98: Physiological research on evolution of aging supports organismal mechanisms - p. 181 45. Chapter Forty five. 1996: Late-life mortality plateaus explained using evolutionary theory - p. 185 46. Chapter Forty six. 1998–2003: Falsification of lifelong heterogeneity models for the cessation of aging - p. 189 47. Chapter Forty seven. 1998–2000: Discovery of Drosophila mutants that sometimes increase longevity - p. 193 48. Chapter Forty eight. 1999–2004: Nematode longevity mutants show antagonistic pleiotropy - p. 197 49. Chapter Forty nine. 2002–06: Evolution of life-history fits evolutionary analysis of late life - p. 201 50. Chapter Fifty. 2003–2005: Breakdown in correlations between stress resistance and aging - p. 207 51. Chapter Fifty one. 2007–11: Development of demographic models that separate aging from dying - p. 211 52. Chapter Fifty two. 2010: Studying the evolutionary origins of aging in bacteria - p. 217 53. Chapter Fifty three. 2010: Genome-wide sequencing of evolved aging reveals many sites - p. 221 54. Chapter Fifty four. 2011–19: Evolutionary transcriptomics also reveal complex physiology of aging - p. 227 55. Chapter Fifty five. 2012: Late life is physiologically different from aging - p. 233 56. Chapter Fifty six. 2014: Genomic studies of centenarians have low scientific power - p. 239 57. Chapter Fifty seven. 2015: Evolutionary genetic effects produce two evolutionary biologies of aging - p. 243 58. Chapter Fifty eight. 2016: Experimental evolution can produce nonaging young adults - p. 247 59. Chapter Fifty nine. 2017: The heart is implicated in the evolution of aging - p. 251 60. Chapter Sixty. 2020: Evolutionary adaptation to diet and its impact on healthspan - p. 255 61. Conclusion - p. 259 62. Glossary - p. 267 63. Author Index - p. 277 64. Index - p. 285
