Conn's Handbook of Models for Human Aging, Second Edition, presents key aspects of biology, nutrition, factors affecting lifespan, methods of age determination, use in research and the disadvantages/advantages of use. Using a multidisciplinary approach, this updated edition is designed as the only comprehensive, current work that covers the diversity in aging models. Chapters on comparative models explore age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's, joint disease, cataracts, cancer and obesity. Also included are new tricks and approaches not available in primary publications. This must-have handbook is an indispensable resource for researchers interested in the mechanisms of aging, gerontologists, health professionals, allied health practitioners and students.
1. Introduction - p. 109 2. Physiologic Age-Related Decline in Fertility and Reproductive Function - p. 112 3. Follicle Quality: The Gamete Perspective - p. 112 4. Follicle Quality—The Somatic Cell Perspective - p. 116 5. Accelerators of Reproductive Aging—Genetics, Lifestyle, and the Environment - p. 117 6. Inducers of Reproductive Aging—Iatrogenic Insults - p. 118 7. Clinical Assessment of Reproductive Aging - p. 120 8. Clinical Screening Methods for Reproductive Aging - p. 120 9. Counteracting Reproductive Aging - p. 121 10. Summary and Future Directions - p. 123 11. Chapter 10. Adrenopause - p. 131 12. Chapter 11. What Sets Iceland Apart in Understanding Human Aging - p. 139 13. Section II. Animal Models: Vertebrates - p. 145 14. Chapter 12. Reproductive Tract Lesions in Aged Nonhuman Primates - p. 149 15. Chapter 13. Age-Related Changes to the Bony Structure and Musculature of the Shoulder in a Nonhuman Primate Model - p. 155 16. Chapter 14. The Dog as a Model for Aging Research - p. 167 17. Chapter 15. The Domestic Dog as a Model for Human Brain Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 177 18. Chapter 16. Determining Cause of Death and Contributing Causes of Death in Rodent Aging Studies - p. 195 19. Chapter 17. Rat Models of Cognitive Aging - p. 211 20. Chapter 18. Life Extension in Dwarf Mice - p. 231 21. Chapter 19. Extension of Life Span in Laboratory Mice - p. 245 22. Introduction - p. 245 23. Nutritional Manipulations That Increase Life Span - p. 245 24. Genetic Manipulations That Increase Life Span - p. 253 25. Conclusions - p. 262 26. Chapter 20. Development and Validation of ECG Analysis Algorithm in Mice - p. 271 27. Chapter 21. Old Gray Mouse Lemur Behavior, Cognition, and Neuropathology - p. 287 28. Chapter 22. Birds as Models for the Biology of Aging and Aging-Related Disease: An Update - p. 301 29. Chapter 23. Telomeres and Telomerase in Birds: Measuring Health, Environmental Stress, and Longevity - p. 313 30. Chapter 24. Zebrafish Model for Investigating the Integrated Control of Reproduction - p. 323 31. Chapter 25. Modeling Aging and Age-Associated Pathology in Zebrafish - p. 335 32. Chapter 26. The Use of Mature Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a Model for Human Aging and Disease - p. 351 33. Chapter 27. Piscine Polemics: Small Tropical Fish Species as Models for Aging Research - p. 361 34. Chapter 28. The Short-Lived African Turquoise Killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri): A New Model System for Research on Aging - p. 377 35. Section III. Cellular Models and Invertebrates - p. 386 36. Chapter 29. A Budding Topic: Modeling Aging and Longevity in Yeast - p. 389 37. Introduction - p. 389 38. Replicative Aging - p. 389 39. Chronological Life Span - p. 398 40. Longevity Drugs and Treatments - p. 401 41. Hormesis - p. 402 42. Emerging Technologies and High-Throughput Methods - p. 403 43. Summary and Future Directions - p. 404 44. Chapter 30. The Budding and Fission Yeast Model Systems for Aging Biology: Rapid Advancement With New Technologies - p. 417 45. Chapter 31. Podospora anserina: A Filamentous Fungus With a Strong Mitochondrial Etiology of Aging - p. 431 46. Chapter 32. Invertebrates as Model Organisms for Research on Aging Biology - p. 445 47. Chapter 33. Invertebrate Models for the Study of the Effects of Age on Neurotransmitter Release - p. 453 48. Chapter 34. Impact of Chronic Exercise on Invertebrate Functional Aging - p. 461 49. Chapter 35. The Virtues and Challenges of Multidimensional Analyses of Whole Brains During Aging With Single Cell Resolution - p. 473 50. Chapter 36. Rotifers as a Model for the Biology of Aging - p. 483 51. Chapter 37. The Potential of Comparative Biology to Reveal Mechanisms of Aging in Rotifers - p. 497 52. Chapter 38. Hydra, a Model System for Deciphering the Mechanisms of Aging and Resistance to Aging - p. 507 53. Chapter 39. Regeneration and Aging in the Tunicate Ciona intestinalis - p. 521 54. Chapter 40. Honeybee Workers as Models of Aging - p. 533 55. Section IV. Disease Models - p. 547 56. Chapter 41. Approaches to the Assessment of Frailty in Animal Models - p. 551 57. Chapter 42. Genotype and Sex Differences in Longevity in Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 563 58. Chapter 43. Animal Models of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia - p. 577 59. Chapter 44. Alzheimer’s Dementia Drug Discovery: Targeting Synaptic Glutamate Uptake - p. 587 60. Chapter 45. A Transgenic Monkey Model of Huntington’s Disease - p. 593 61. Introduction - p. 593 62. Large Transgenic Animal Models of Huntington’s Disease - p. 595 63. Why the Nonhuman Primate Model for Neurological Disorders - p. 597 64. Transgenic Monkey Model of Huntington’s Disease - p. 598 65. Neural Stem Cells in Regenerative Medine in Huntington’s Disease - p. 602 66. Huntington’s Disease Modeling Using NSCs and NPCs - p. 603 67. Neural Stem Cells in Drug/Therapy Discovery - p. 605 68. Conclusion - p. 607 69. Chapter 46. Parkinson’s Disease in Humans and in Nonhuman Primate Aging and Neurotoxin Models - p. 617 70. Introduction - p. 617 71. Defining Parkinson’s Disease Today - p. 617 72. Mechanisms of Parkinson’s Disease Neuronal Loss - p. 618 73. Current Parkinson’s Disease Treatments - p. 619 74. Modeling Parkinson’s Disease in Nonhuman Primates - p. 620 75. Aging - p. 620 76. Environmental Toxins - p. 624 77. Other Models of Parkinson’s Disease - p. 629 78. Chapter 47. Genetic Models of Parkinson’s Disease and Their Study in Nonhuman Primates - p. 641 79. Chapter 48. Impact of the Aged Brain Environment on Gene Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease - p. 647 80. Chapter 49. Cell Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease - p. 659 81. Chapter 50. Genetics of Progeria and Aging - p. 673 82. Chapter 51. Progeria Mouse Models - p. 689 83. Chapter 52. Models of Hypertension in Aging - p. 703 84. Chapter 53. Osteoporosis and Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly - p. 721 85. Chapter 54. The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Preclinical Models to Study It - p. 735 86. Section V. Organ Systems - p. 748 87. Chapter 55. Alopecia - p. 751 88. Chapter 56. Experimental Models of Human Skin Aging - p. 763 89. Chapter 57. Muscle Deconditioning and Aging: Experimental Models - p. 769 90. Chapter 58. Models of Immune Aging - p. 783 91. Immune Aging and Immunosenescence - p. 783 92. Human Models of Accelerated Immune Aging - p. 784 93. Rodent Models of Immune Aging - p. 788 94. In Vitro Cultured T-Cell Clones as an In Vitro Model of Immune Aging - p. 793 95. The System Biology Approach to Immune Aging - p. 795 96. Chapter 59. Sex and the Aging Immune System - p. 803 97. Overview of Models Useful for Studying Sex-Specific Aging-Related Changes to the Immune System and Their Association With Age-Related Infectious and Chronic Disease - p. 803 98. Cellular Senescence as It Relates to the Immune System - p. 803 99. Aging-Related Changes to the Immune System in Males and Females - p. 805 100. Human Datasets to Study Sex-Differences Regarding Aging-Related Decline of the Immune System - p. 812 101. Aging of the Immune System and Relevance to Infectious Disease - p. 813 102. Conclusion - p. 819 103. Chapter 60. Rodent Models of Ovarian Failure - p. 831 104. Chapter 61. Role of Sex and Aging in Mucosal Health - p. 845 105. Chapter 62. Leydig Cell Development and Aging in the Brown Norway Rat: Mechanisms and Consequences - p. 853 106. Chapter 63. Models of Aging Kidney: Implications on Kidney Health and Disease - p. 863 107. Chapter 64. Age-Associated Changes in Structure and Function of the Aging Human Lung - p. 873 108. Chapter 65. Glucose, Insulin, and Human Brain Aging - p. 889 109. Chapter 66. Pathology of Brain Aging and Animal Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases - p. 899 110. Chapter 67. Leptin and Aging in Animal Models - p. 909 111. Chapter 68. Age-Related Changes to Bone Structure and Quality in Rodent Models - p. 919 112. Section VI. Mechanisms - p. 936 113. Chapter 69. Dielectric Properties of Biological Tissues; Variation With Age - p. 939 114. Chapter 70. Experimental Models of Tau Aggregation - p. 953 115. Chapter 71. Aging of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells - p. 975 116. Introduction - p. 975 117. Characteristics, Activities, and Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells - p. 975 118. Natural Aging of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells - p. 976 119. Artifactual Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aging During In Vitro Expansion - p. 980 120. Identification and Monitoring of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aging - p. 982 121. Mechanisms Underlying Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aging - p. 983 122. Effect of Aging on Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Based Therapy - p. 985 123. Strategies to Prevent Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aging and Retain Their Functionality - p. 986 124. Conclusion and Outlook - p. 988 125. Chapter 72. Helicases and Their Relevance to Aging - p. 995 126. Introduction - p. 995 127. Double-Strand Breaks and Aging - p. 995 128. Double-Strand Break Repair Pathways and RecQ Helicases - p. 996 129. Pleiotropic Roles of Fe–S Helicases in Genomic Stability, DNA Repair, and Transcription - p. 997 130. Chromatin Maintenance, Werner Syndrome Protein Helicase, and Aging - p. 998 131. Changes in the Transcriptome and Proteome During Cellular Senescence - p. 999 132. G-Quadruplex DNA and Its Importance in DNA Metabolism and Gene Expression - p. 999 133. G-Quadruplex Resolving DNA Helicases Implicated in Accelerated Aging Disorders - p. 1000 134. Roles of DNA Helicases to Modulate Gene Expression via Interactions With Guanine-Rich Promoters - p. 1001 135. Clinical Significance of G4-Interactive Helicases and Their Regulation of Gene Expression - p. 1003 136. Repeat Expansion Disorders Prevalent in Aging - p. 1004 137. DNA Replication and Repeat Expansion - p. 1004 138. DNA Repair and Repeat Expansion - p. 1005 139. Transcription and Repeat Expansion - p. 1006 140. Roles of DNA Helicases in Repeat Expansion - p. 1006 141. Mouse Models for Helicase Deficiency - p. 1009 142. Blm - p. 1009 143. Wrn - p. 1009 144. Recql4 - p. 1010 145. Recql1 - p. 1011 146. Recql5 - p. 1011 147. Rtel - p. 1012 148. ChlR1 - p. 1012 149. Xpd - p. 1012 150. Fancj - p. 1012 151. Dna2 - p. 1013 152. Pif1 - p. 1013 153. Twinkle - p. 1014 154. Summary of Mouse Models - p. 1014 155. Conclusions - p. 1015 156. Chapter 73. Genetics of Human Aging - p. 1025 157. Chapter 74. Epigenetics of Brain Aging - p. 1041 158. Introduction - p. 1041 159. Epigenetic Mechanisms - p. 1041 160. DNA Methylation Changes in Brain During Aging - p. 1044 161. Chromatin Remodeling in Brain During Aging - p. 1045 162. Other Age-Mediated Epigenetic Modifications - p. 1046 163. Mitochondrial-Related Epigenetics of Aging - p. 1047 164. Epigenetic Modifications Involving Age-Related Neurodegeneration: Epigenetic Hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 1049 165. Role of Pharmacoepigenomics in Drug Response and Drug Resistance - p. 1055 166. Conclusions and Future Directions - p. 1056 167. Chapter 75. The Circadian Clock and the Aging Process - p. 1067 168. Chapter 76. Super DNAging—New Insights Into DNA Integrity, Genome Stability, and Telomeres in the Oldest Old - p. 1083 169. Chapter 77. Model of Chaperones in Aging - p. 1095 170. Introduction - p. 1095 171. Classes and Functions of Molecular Chaperones - p. 1096 172. Chaperones in Aging and Longevity - p. 1100 173. Conclusions - p. 1108 174. Future Perspectives - p. 1108 175. Chapter 78. Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy - p. 1117 176. Chapter 79. Resveratrol in Aging and Age-Related Diseases - p. 1133 177. Chapter 80. Resveratrol in Experimental Models and Humans - p. 1143 178. Index - p. 1157
Conn's Handbook of Models for Human Aging, Second Edition, presents key aspects of biology, nutrition, factors affecting lifespan, methods of age determination, use in research and the disadvantages/advantages of use. Using a multidisciplinary approach, this updated edition is designed as the only comprehensive, current work that covers the diversity in aging models. Chapters on comparative models explore age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's, joint disease, cataracts, cancer and obesity. Also included are new tricks and approaches not available in primary publications. This must-have handbook is an indispensable resource for researchers interested in the mechanisms of aging, gerontologists, health professionals, allied health practitioners and students.
1. Introduction - p. 109 2. Physiologic Age-Related Decline in Fertility and Reproductive Function - p. 112 3. Follicle Quality: The Gamete Perspective - p. 112 4. Follicle Quality—The Somatic Cell Perspective - p. 116 5. Accelerators of Reproductive Aging—Genetics, Lifestyle, and the Environment - p. 117 6. Inducers of Reproductive Aging—Iatrogenic Insults - p. 118 7. Clinical Assessment of Reproductive Aging - p. 120 8. Clinical Screening Methods for Reproductive Aging - p. 120 9. Counteracting Reproductive Aging - p. 121 10. Summary and Future Directions - p. 123 11. Chapter 10. Adrenopause - p. 131 12. Chapter 11. What Sets Iceland Apart in Understanding Human Aging - p. 139 13. Section II. Animal Models: Vertebrates - p. 145 14. Chapter 12. Reproductive Tract Lesions in Aged Nonhuman Primates - p. 149 15. Chapter 13. Age-Related Changes to the Bony Structure and Musculature of the Shoulder in a Nonhuman Primate Model - p. 155 16. Chapter 14. The Dog as a Model for Aging Research - p. 167 17. Chapter 15. The Domestic Dog as a Model for Human Brain Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 177 18. Chapter 16. Determining Cause of Death and Contributing Causes of Death in Rodent Aging Studies - p. 195 19. Chapter 17. Rat Models of Cognitive Aging - p. 211 20. Chapter 18. Life Extension in Dwarf Mice - p. 231 21. Chapter 19. Extension of Life Span in Laboratory Mice - p. 245 22. Introduction - p. 245 23. Nutritional Manipulations That Increase Life Span - p. 245 24. Genetic Manipulations That Increase Life Span - p. 253 25. Conclusions - p. 262 26. Chapter 20. Development and Validation of ECG Analysis Algorithm in Mice - p. 271 27. Chapter 21. Old Gray Mouse Lemur Behavior, Cognition, and Neuropathology - p. 287 28. Chapter 22. Birds as Models for the Biology of Aging and Aging-Related Disease: An Update - p. 301 29. Chapter 23. Telomeres and Telomerase in Birds: Measuring Health, Environmental Stress, and Longevity - p. 313 30. Chapter 24. Zebrafish Model for Investigating the Integrated Control of Reproduction - p. 323 31. Chapter 25. Modeling Aging and Age-Associated Pathology in Zebrafish - p. 335 32. Chapter 26. The Use of Mature Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a Model for Human Aging and Disease - p. 351 33. Chapter 27. Piscine Polemics: Small Tropical Fish Species as Models for Aging Research - p. 361 34. Chapter 28. The Short-Lived African Turquoise Killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri): A New Model System for Research on Aging - p. 377 35. Section III. Cellular Models and Invertebrates - p. 386 36. Chapter 29. A Budding Topic: Modeling Aging and Longevity in Yeast - p. 389 37. Introduction - p. 389 38. Replicative Aging - p. 389 39. Chronological Life Span - p. 398 40. Longevity Drugs and Treatments - p. 401 41. Hormesis - p. 402 42. Emerging Technologies and High-Throughput Methods - p. 403 43. Summary and Future Directions - p. 404 44. Chapter 30. The Budding and Fission Yeast Model Systems for Aging Biology: Rapid Advancement With New Technologies - p. 417 45. Chapter 31. Podospora anserina: A Filamentous Fungus With a Strong Mitochondrial Etiology of Aging - p. 431 46. Chapter 32. Invertebrates as Model Organisms for Research on Aging Biology - p. 445 47. Chapter 33. Invertebrate Models for the Study of the Effects of Age on Neurotransmitter Release - p. 453 48. Chapter 34. Impact of Chronic Exercise on Invertebrate Functional Aging - p. 461 49. Chapter 35. The Virtues and Challenges of Multidimensional Analyses of Whole Brains During Aging With Single Cell Resolution - p. 473 50. Chapter 36. Rotifers as a Model for the Biology of Aging - p. 483 51. Chapter 37. The Potential of Comparative Biology to Reveal Mechanisms of Aging in Rotifers - p. 497 52. Chapter 38. Hydra, a Model System for Deciphering the Mechanisms of Aging and Resistance to Aging - p. 507 53. Chapter 39. Regeneration and Aging in the Tunicate Ciona intestinalis - p. 521 54. Chapter 40. Honeybee Workers as Models of Aging - p. 533 55. Section IV. Disease Models - p. 547 56. Chapter 41. Approaches to the Assessment of Frailty in Animal Models - p. 551 57. Chapter 42. Genotype and Sex Differences in Longevity in Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 563 58. Chapter 43. Animal Models of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia - p. 577 59. Chapter 44. Alzheimer’s Dementia Drug Discovery: Targeting Synaptic Glutamate Uptake - p. 587 60. Chapter 45. A Transgenic Monkey Model of Huntington’s Disease - p. 593 61. Introduction - p. 593 62. Large Transgenic Animal Models of Huntington’s Disease - p. 595 63. Why the Nonhuman Primate Model for Neurological Disorders - p. 597 64. Transgenic Monkey Model of Huntington’s Disease - p. 598 65. Neural Stem Cells in Regenerative Medine in Huntington’s Disease - p. 602 66. Huntington’s Disease Modeling Using NSCs and NPCs - p. 603 67. Neural Stem Cells in Drug/Therapy Discovery - p. 605 68. Conclusion - p. 607 69. Chapter 46. Parkinson’s Disease in Humans and in Nonhuman Primate Aging and Neurotoxin Models - p. 617 70. Introduction - p. 617 71. Defining Parkinson’s Disease Today - p. 617 72. Mechanisms of Parkinson’s Disease Neuronal Loss - p. 618 73. Current Parkinson’s Disease Treatments - p. 619 74. Modeling Parkinson’s Disease in Nonhuman Primates - p. 620 75. Aging - p. 620 76. Environmental Toxins - p. 624 77. Other Models of Parkinson’s Disease - p. 629 78. Chapter 47. Genetic Models of Parkinson’s Disease and Their Study in Nonhuman Primates - p. 641 79. Chapter 48. Impact of the Aged Brain Environment on Gene Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease - p. 647 80. Chapter 49. Cell Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease - p. 659 81. Chapter 50. Genetics of Progeria and Aging - p. 673 82. Chapter 51. Progeria Mouse Models - p. 689 83. Chapter 52. Models of Hypertension in Aging - p. 703 84. Chapter 53. Osteoporosis and Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly - p. 721 85. Chapter 54. The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Preclinical Models to Study It - p. 735 86. Section V. Organ Systems - p. 748 87. Chapter 55. Alopecia - p. 751 88. Chapter 56. Experimental Models of Human Skin Aging - p. 763 89. Chapter 57. Muscle Deconditioning and Aging: Experimental Models - p. 769 90. Chapter 58. Models of Immune Aging - p. 783 91. Immune Aging and Immunosenescence - p. 783 92. Human Models of Accelerated Immune Aging - p. 784 93. Rodent Models of Immune Aging - p. 788 94. In Vitro Cultured T-Cell Clones as an In Vitro Model of Immune Aging - p. 793 95. The System Biology Approach to Immune Aging - p. 795 96. Chapter 59. Sex and the Aging Immune System - p. 803 97. Overview of Models Useful for Studying Sex-Specific Aging-Related Changes to the Immune System and Their Association With Age-Related Infectious and Chronic Disease - p. 803 98. Cellular Senescence as It Relates to the Immune System - p. 803 99. Aging-Related Changes to the Immune System in Males and Females - p. 805 100. Human Datasets to Study Sex-Differences Regarding Aging-Related Decline of the Immune System - p. 812 101. Aging of the Immune System and Relevance to Infectious Disease - p. 813 102. Conclusion - p. 819 103. Chapter 60. Rodent Models of Ovarian Failure - p. 831 104. Chapter 61. Role of Sex and Aging in Mucosal Health - p. 845 105. Chapter 62. Leydig Cell Development and Aging in the Brown Norway Rat: Mechanisms and Consequences - p. 853 106. Chapter 63. Models of Aging Kidney: Implications on Kidney Health and Disease - p. 863 107. Chapter 64. Age-Associated Changes in Structure and Function of the Aging Human Lung - p. 873 108. Chapter 65. Glucose, Insulin, and Human Brain Aging - p. 889 109. Chapter 66. Pathology of Brain Aging and Animal Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases - p. 899 110. Chapter 67. Leptin and Aging in Animal Models - p. 909 111. Chapter 68. Age-Related Changes to Bone Structure and Quality in Rodent Models - p. 919 112. Section VI. Mechanisms - p. 936 113. Chapter 69. Dielectric Properties of Biological Tissues; Variation With Age - p. 939 114. Chapter 70. Experimental Models of Tau Aggregation - p. 953 115. Chapter 71. Aging of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells - p. 975 116. Introduction - p. 975 117. Characteristics, Activities, and Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells - p. 975 118. Natural Aging of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells - p. 976 119. Artifactual Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aging During In Vitro Expansion - p. 980 120. Identification and Monitoring of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aging - p. 982 121. Mechanisms Underlying Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aging - p. 983 122. Effect of Aging on Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Based Therapy - p. 985 123. Strategies to Prevent Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aging and Retain Their Functionality - p. 986 124. Conclusion and Outlook - p. 988 125. Chapter 72. Helicases and Their Relevance to Aging - p. 995 126. Introduction - p. 995 127. Double-Strand Breaks and Aging - p. 995 128. Double-Strand Break Repair Pathways and RecQ Helicases - p. 996 129. Pleiotropic Roles of Fe–S Helicases in Genomic Stability, DNA Repair, and Transcription - p. 997 130. Chromatin Maintenance, Werner Syndrome Protein Helicase, and Aging - p. 998 131. Changes in the Transcriptome and Proteome During Cellular Senescence - p. 999 132. G-Quadruplex DNA and Its Importance in DNA Metabolism and Gene Expression - p. 999 133. G-Quadruplex Resolving DNA Helicases Implicated in Accelerated Aging Disorders - p. 1000 134. Roles of DNA Helicases to Modulate Gene Expression via Interactions With Guanine-Rich Promoters - p. 1001 135. Clinical Significance of G4-Interactive Helicases and Their Regulation of Gene Expression - p. 1003 136. Repeat Expansion Disorders Prevalent in Aging - p. 1004 137. DNA Replication and Repeat Expansion - p. 1004 138. DNA Repair and Repeat Expansion - p. 1005 139. Transcription and Repeat Expansion - p. 1006 140. Roles of DNA Helicases in Repeat Expansion - p. 1006 141. Mouse Models for Helicase Deficiency - p. 1009 142. Blm - p. 1009 143. Wrn - p. 1009 144. Recql4 - p. 1010 145. Recql1 - p. 1011 146. Recql5 - p. 1011 147. Rtel - p. 1012 148. ChlR1 - p. 1012 149. Xpd - p. 1012 150. Fancj - p. 1012 151. Dna2 - p. 1013 152. Pif1 - p. 1013 153. Twinkle - p. 1014 154. Summary of Mouse Models - p. 1014 155. Conclusions - p. 1015 156. Chapter 73. Genetics of Human Aging - p. 1025 157. Chapter 74. Epigenetics of Brain Aging - p. 1041 158. Introduction - p. 1041 159. Epigenetic Mechanisms - p. 1041 160. DNA Methylation Changes in Brain During Aging - p. 1044 161. Chromatin Remodeling in Brain During Aging - p. 1045 162. Other Age-Mediated Epigenetic Modifications - p. 1046 163. Mitochondrial-Related Epigenetics of Aging - p. 1047 164. Epigenetic Modifications Involving Age-Related Neurodegeneration: Epigenetic Hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 1049 165. Role of Pharmacoepigenomics in Drug Response and Drug Resistance - p. 1055 166. Conclusions and Future Directions - p. 1056 167. Chapter 75. The Circadian Clock and the Aging Process - p. 1067 168. Chapter 76. Super DNAging—New Insights Into DNA Integrity, Genome Stability, and Telomeres in the Oldest Old - p. 1083 169. Chapter 77. Model of Chaperones in Aging - p. 1095 170. Introduction - p. 1095 171. Classes and Functions of Molecular Chaperones - p. 1096 172. Chaperones in Aging and Longevity - p. 1100 173. Conclusions - p. 1108 174. Future Perspectives - p. 1108 175. Chapter 78. Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy - p. 1117 176. Chapter 79. Resveratrol in Aging and Age-Related Diseases - p. 1133 177. Chapter 80. Resveratrol in Experimental Models and Humans - p. 1143 178. Index - p. 1157
