Corrosion Engineering: Principles and Solved Problems, Second Edition gives a comprehensive overview and introduction to the field through an extensive, theoretical description of the principles of corrosion theory, passivity and corrosion prevention strategies, and design of corrosion protection systems. The second edition has been thoroughly updated with new knowledge and includes solved corrosion case studies, corrosion analysis and solved corrosion problems to help the reader to understand the corrosion fundamental principles from thermodynamics and electrochemical kinetics, the mechanism that triggers the corrosion processes at the metal interface and how to control or inhibit the corrosion rates.
A key goal of the updated book is to help the next generation of engineers and scientists: (i) understand the theory of hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking as well as hydrogen damage prevention strategies, (ii) design models for developing hydrogen damage-resistant alloys, and (iii) prevent damage of different industrial components due to the presence and localization of hydrogen in metals. To accomplish these objectives, the book offers case studies of hydrogen permeation, hydrogen embrittlement, mechanical properties of alloys, and hydrogen damage control.
1. 2.1 Introduction - p. 31 2. 2.2 Electrochemical Corrosion - p. 31 3. 2.3 Thermodynamics of Corrosion Processes - p. 34 4. 2.4 Equilibrium Electrode Potentials - p. 37 5. 2.5 Electrochemical Half-Cells and Electrode Potentials - p. 39 6. 2.6 Electromotive Force Series - p. 40 7. 2.7 Determination of Electrochemical/Corrosion Reaction Direction by Gibbs Energy - p. 44 8. 2.8 Reference Electrodes of Importance in Corrosion Processes - p. 47 9. 2.9 Measurement of Reversible Cell Potential With Liquid Junction Potential - p. 57 10. 2.10 Measurement of Corrosion Potential - p. 59 11. 2.11 Construction of Pourbaix Diagrams - p. 60 12. 2.11.1 Regions of electrochemical stability of water - p. 60 13. 2.11.2 Construction of Pourbaix diagram for zinc - p. 62 14. 2.11.3 Construction of Pourbaix diagram for tin - p. 66 15. 2.11.4 Pourbaix diagram for iron - p. 70 16. 2.11.5 Construction of Pourbaix diagram for nickel - p. 72 17. 2.12 Case Studies - p. 72 18. 2.12.1 Activity coefficients - p. 72 19. 2.12.2 Evaluation of theoretical tendency of metals to corrode - p. 76 20. 2.12.3 Hydrogen and oxygen electrodes - p. 90 21. 2.13 Exercises - p. 94 22. References - p. 95 23. Chapter 3 Electrochemical Kinetics of Corrosion - p. 97 24. Abstract - p. 97 25. 3.1 Introduction - p. 98 26. 3.2 Ohmic Polarization - p. 98 27. 3.3 Electrochemical Polarization - p. 99 28. 3.4 Concentration Polarization - p. 115 29. 3.5 Relevance of Electrochemical Kinetics to Corrosion - p. 116 30. 3.6 Construction of Evans Diagrams - p. 118 31. 3.7 Effects of Polarization Behavior on the Corrosion Rate - p. 129 32. 3.8 Effects of Mass Transfer on Electrode Kinetics - p. 132 33. 3.8.1 Diffusion-limited corrosion rate - p. 134 34. 3.8.2 Rotating disk electrode - p. 135 35. 3.9 Exercises - p. 144 36. References - p. 145 37. Chapter 4 Passivity - p. 150 38. Chapter 5 Basics of Corrosion Measurements - p. 188 39. Abstract - p. 188 40. 5.1 Introduction - p. 187 41. 5.2 Polarization Resistance - p. 189 42. 5.3 Calculation of Corrosion Rate From Polarization Data - p. 190 43. 5.4 Electrochemical Techniques to Measure Polarization Resistance - p. 196 44. 5.5 Applications of Linear Polarization Technique—Estimation of Corrosion Rates - p. 199 45. 5.6 Corrosion Potential Measurements as a Function of Time (OCP vs Time) - p. 207 46. 5.7 Tafel Extrapolation Method - p. 208 47. 5.8 Potentiodynamic Polarization Measurements - p. 213 48. 5.9 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy - p. 220 49. 5.9.1 Principles of the method - p. 220 50. 5.9.2 Expression for impedance of the R-L-C series circuit - p. 225 51. 5.9.3 AC-impedance plots: Impedance spectra with their associated equivalent circuits - p. 227 52. 5.9.4 Application of electrochemical impedance to corrosion studies - p. 233 53. 5.10 Advantages and Limitations of EIS - p. 237 54. 5.11 Recent Corrosion Research - p. 238 55. 5.12 Exercises - p. 239 56. References - p. 240 57. Chapter 6 Galvanic Corrosion - p. 246 58. Chapter 7 Pitting and Crevice Corrosion - p. 295 59. Chapter 8 Hydrogen Permeation and Hydrogen-Induced Cracking - p. 334 60. Chapter 9 Stress Corrosion Cracking - p. 384 61. Abstract - p. 384 62. 9.1 Definition and Characteristic of Stress Corrosion Cracking - p. 383 63. 9.2 Testing Methods - p. 386 64. 9.3 Fracture Mechanics Testing - p. 395 65. 9.4 Examples of Stress Corrosion Cracking - p. 402 66. 9.5 Stress Corrosion Cracking Models - p. 403 67. 9.6 Metallurgy of Stress Corrosion Cracking - p. 408 68. 9.7 Electrochemical Effects - p. 429 69. 9.8 Hydrogen Embrittlement - p. 437 70. 9.9 Corrosion Fatigue Cracking - p. 443 71. 9.10 Prevention of Stress Corrosion Cracking - p. 450 72. 9.11 Exercises - p. 456 73. References - p. 461 74. Chapter 10 Hydrogen Entry Into Metal and Alloys - p. 473 75. Chapter 11 High-Temperature Corrosion - p. 498 76. Chapter 12 Corrosion of Structural Concrete - p. 541 77. Chapter 13 Organic Coatings - p. 576 78. Chapter 14 Corrosion Inhibitors - p. 599 79. Chapter 15 Cathodic Protection - p. 618 80. Chapter 16 Mechanisms of Hydrogen Degradation of Metals - p. 657 81. Chapter 17 Atmospheric Corrosion - p. 697 82. Solutions Guide Chapter 2: Thermodynamics in the Electrochemical Reactions of Corrosion - p. 727 83. Solutions Guide Chapter 3: Electrochemical Kinetics of Corrosion - p. 739 84. Solutions Guide Chapter 4: Passivity - p. 753 85. Solutions Guide Chapter 5: Basics of Corrosion Measurements - p. 769 86. Solutions Guide Chapter 6: Galvanic Corrosion - p. 777 87. Solutions Guide Chapter 7: Pitting and Crevice Corrosion - p. 789 88. Solutions Guide Chapter 8: Hydrogen Permeation and Hydrogen-Induced Cracking - p. 801 89. Solutions Guide Chapter 9: Stress Corrosion Cracking - p. 811 90. Solutions Guide Chapter 11: High-Temperature Corrosion - p. 821 91. Solutions Guide Chapter 15: Cathodic Protection - p. 831 92. Index - p. 841
Corrosion Engineering: Principles and Solved Problems, Second Edition gives a comprehensive overview and introduction to the field through an extensive, theoretical description of the principles of corrosion theory, passivity and corrosion prevention strategies, and design of corrosion protection systems. The second edition has been thoroughly updated with new knowledge and includes solved corrosion case studies, corrosion analysis and solved corrosion problems to help the reader to understand the corrosion fundamental principles from thermodynamics and electrochemical kinetics, the mechanism that triggers the corrosion processes at the metal interface and how to control or inhibit the corrosion rates.
A key goal of the updated book is to help the next generation of engineers and scientists: (i) understand the theory of hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking as well as hydrogen damage prevention strategies, (ii) design models for developing hydrogen damage-resistant alloys, and (iii) prevent damage of different industrial components due to the presence and localization of hydrogen in metals. To accomplish these objectives, the book offers case studies of hydrogen permeation, hydrogen embrittlement, mechanical properties of alloys, and hydrogen damage control.
1. 2.1 Introduction - p. 31 2. 2.2 Electrochemical Corrosion - p. 31 3. 2.3 Thermodynamics of Corrosion Processes - p. 34 4. 2.4 Equilibrium Electrode Potentials - p. 37 5. 2.5 Electrochemical Half-Cells and Electrode Potentials - p. 39 6. 2.6 Electromotive Force Series - p. 40 7. 2.7 Determination of Electrochemical/Corrosion Reaction Direction by Gibbs Energy - p. 44 8. 2.8 Reference Electrodes of Importance in Corrosion Processes - p. 47 9. 2.9 Measurement of Reversible Cell Potential With Liquid Junction Potential - p. 57 10. 2.10 Measurement of Corrosion Potential - p. 59 11. 2.11 Construction of Pourbaix Diagrams - p. 60 12. 2.11.1 Regions of electrochemical stability of water - p. 60 13. 2.11.2 Construction of Pourbaix diagram for zinc - p. 62 14. 2.11.3 Construction of Pourbaix diagram for tin - p. 66 15. 2.11.4 Pourbaix diagram for iron - p. 70 16. 2.11.5 Construction of Pourbaix diagram for nickel - p. 72 17. 2.12 Case Studies - p. 72 18. 2.12.1 Activity coefficients - p. 72 19. 2.12.2 Evaluation of theoretical tendency of metals to corrode - p. 76 20. 2.12.3 Hydrogen and oxygen electrodes - p. 90 21. 2.13 Exercises - p. 94 22. References - p. 95 23. Chapter 3 Electrochemical Kinetics of Corrosion - p. 97 24. Abstract - p. 97 25. 3.1 Introduction - p. 98 26. 3.2 Ohmic Polarization - p. 98 27. 3.3 Electrochemical Polarization - p. 99 28. 3.4 Concentration Polarization - p. 115 29. 3.5 Relevance of Electrochemical Kinetics to Corrosion - p. 116 30. 3.6 Construction of Evans Diagrams - p. 118 31. 3.7 Effects of Polarization Behavior on the Corrosion Rate - p. 129 32. 3.8 Effects of Mass Transfer on Electrode Kinetics - p. 132 33. 3.8.1 Diffusion-limited corrosion rate - p. 134 34. 3.8.2 Rotating disk electrode - p. 135 35. 3.9 Exercises - p. 144 36. References - p. 145 37. Chapter 4 Passivity - p. 150 38. Chapter 5 Basics of Corrosion Measurements - p. 188 39. Abstract - p. 188 40. 5.1 Introduction - p. 187 41. 5.2 Polarization Resistance - p. 189 42. 5.3 Calculation of Corrosion Rate From Polarization Data - p. 190 43. 5.4 Electrochemical Techniques to Measure Polarization Resistance - p. 196 44. 5.5 Applications of Linear Polarization Technique—Estimation of Corrosion Rates - p. 199 45. 5.6 Corrosion Potential Measurements as a Function of Time (OCP vs Time) - p. 207 46. 5.7 Tafel Extrapolation Method - p. 208 47. 5.8 Potentiodynamic Polarization Measurements - p. 213 48. 5.9 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy - p. 220 49. 5.9.1 Principles of the method - p. 220 50. 5.9.2 Expression for impedance of the R-L-C series circuit - p. 225 51. 5.9.3 AC-impedance plots: Impedance spectra with their associated equivalent circuits - p. 227 52. 5.9.4 Application of electrochemical impedance to corrosion studies - p. 233 53. 5.10 Advantages and Limitations of EIS - p. 237 54. 5.11 Recent Corrosion Research - p. 238 55. 5.12 Exercises - p. 239 56. References - p. 240 57. Chapter 6 Galvanic Corrosion - p. 246 58. Chapter 7 Pitting and Crevice Corrosion - p. 295 59. Chapter 8 Hydrogen Permeation and Hydrogen-Induced Cracking - p. 334 60. Chapter 9 Stress Corrosion Cracking - p. 384 61. Abstract - p. 384 62. 9.1 Definition and Characteristic of Stress Corrosion Cracking - p. 383 63. 9.2 Testing Methods - p. 386 64. 9.3 Fracture Mechanics Testing - p. 395 65. 9.4 Examples of Stress Corrosion Cracking - p. 402 66. 9.5 Stress Corrosion Cracking Models - p. 403 67. 9.6 Metallurgy of Stress Corrosion Cracking - p. 408 68. 9.7 Electrochemical Effects - p. 429 69. 9.8 Hydrogen Embrittlement - p. 437 70. 9.9 Corrosion Fatigue Cracking - p. 443 71. 9.10 Prevention of Stress Corrosion Cracking - p. 450 72. 9.11 Exercises - p. 456 73. References - p. 461 74. Chapter 10 Hydrogen Entry Into Metal and Alloys - p. 473 75. Chapter 11 High-Temperature Corrosion - p. 498 76. Chapter 12 Corrosion of Structural Concrete - p. 541 77. Chapter 13 Organic Coatings - p. 576 78. Chapter 14 Corrosion Inhibitors - p. 599 79. Chapter 15 Cathodic Protection - p. 618 80. Chapter 16 Mechanisms of Hydrogen Degradation of Metals - p. 657 81. Chapter 17 Atmospheric Corrosion - p. 697 82. Solutions Guide Chapter 2: Thermodynamics in the Electrochemical Reactions of Corrosion - p. 727 83. Solutions Guide Chapter 3: Electrochemical Kinetics of Corrosion - p. 739 84. Solutions Guide Chapter 4: Passivity - p. 753 85. Solutions Guide Chapter 5: Basics of Corrosion Measurements - p. 769 86. Solutions Guide Chapter 6: Galvanic Corrosion - p. 777 87. Solutions Guide Chapter 7: Pitting and Crevice Corrosion - p. 789 88. Solutions Guide Chapter 8: Hydrogen Permeation and Hydrogen-Induced Cracking - p. 801 89. Solutions Guide Chapter 9: Stress Corrosion Cracking - p. 811 90. Solutions Guide Chapter 11: High-Temperature Corrosion - p. 821 91. Solutions Guide Chapter 15: Cathodic Protection - p. 831 92. Index - p. 841
