The 10th edition of Coughlin and Mann’s Surgery of the Foot and Ankle delivers state-of-the-art, comprehensive coverage of the full range of foot and ankle disorders in an easy-to-manage, two-volume format. Authoritative guidance on every major aspect of the treatment and management of foot and ankle disorders and diseases helps you achieve consistent, optimal outcomes for your patients. With content covering biomechanics, examination, diagnosis, non-operative and operative treatment, and post-operative management, you have all the guidance you need to take your knowledge and skills to the next level.
Covers all key topics in foot and ankle surgery, including ankle reconstruction and total ankle arthroplasty, external/internal fixation, management of complex foot deformities, nerve disorders, arthroscopic techniques, postoperative protocols for all surgical techniques, and more.
Provides expanded coverage of minimally invasive surgery, ankle arthroscopy, and biologics.
Features a consistent, structured chapter layout across the two volumes for quick and easy reference.
Offers access to revised online features, including streamlined, refreshed, and all-new video content—more than 120 videos in all.
Contains updated images and design as well as revised pearls and key points boxes throughout.
An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Any screen, Any time, Anywhere - p. iii 5. Copyright - p. iv 6. Dedication - p. v 7. Contributors - p. vii 8. Preface - p. xi 9. Acknowledgments - p. xiii 10. Acknowledgment of Previous Editions - p. xv 11. In Appreciation - p. xvii 12. Video Table of Contents - p. xxi 13. Part I: General Considerations - p. xxiv 14. 1. Biomechanics of the Foot and Ankle - p. 1 15. 2. Principles of the Physical Examination of the Foot and Ankle - p. 28 16. 3. Imaging of the Foot and Ankle - p. 50 17. 4. Scientific Evidence-Based Foot and Ankle Care - p. 109 18. 5. Nonsurgical Treatment of Foot and Ankle Conditions - p. 113 19. 6. Regional Anesthesia for the Foot and Ankle - p. 127 20. Part II: Forefoot and Heel - p. 147 21. 7. Hallux Valgus - p. 151 22. Abstract - p. 151 23. Chapter Outline - p. 151 24. Anatomy - p. 152 25. Blood Supply to the First Metatarsal Head - p. 154 26. Pathoanatomy - p. 154 27. Pathophysiology - p. 156 28. Demographics - p. 160 29. Age of Onset - p. 161 30. Gender - p. 161 31. Bilaterality - p. 161 32. Etiology - p. 162 33. Intrinsic Causes - p. 163 34. Radiographic Measures - p. 171 35. Metatarsus Primus Varus - p. 175 36. Hallux Valgus Interphalangeus - p. 175 37. First Metatarsal Length - p. 176 38. Metatarsophalangeal Joint Shape - p. 177 39. Joint Congruity - p. 177 40. Distal Metatarsal Articular Angle - p. 178 41. First Metatarsocuneiform Joint - p. 180 42. Intermetatarsal Facet/Os Intermetatarseum - p. 182 43. Metatarsus Adductus - p. 183 44. Role of Weight-Bearing CT Scan - p. 184 45. Juvenile Bunions - p. 184 46. Juvenile Hallux Valgus - p. 186 47. Classification of Hallux Valgus Deformities - p. 186 48. Patient Evaluation - p. 187 49. Conservative Treatment - p. 188 50. Perioperative Considerations - p. 190 51. Factors Impacting Outcomes - p. 190 52. Surgical Decision Making - p. 190 53. Surgical Treatment Algorithm - p. 191 54. Surgical Procedures - p. 194 55. Distal Procedures - p. 194 56. Midshaft Osteotomies - p. 224 57. Proximal Osteotomies - p. 228 58. Multiple Osteotomies (Video 7-8) - p. 242 59. Arthrodesis Procedures - p. 247 60. Keller Procedure (Video 7-10) - p. 258 61. Complications of Hallux Valgus Surgery - p. 262 62. Conclusions - p. 262 63. References - p. 263 64. 8. Hallux Varus and Complications of Bunion Repair - p. 275 65. 9. Lesser Toe Deformities - p. 303 66. Abstract - p. 303 67. Chapter Outline - p. 303 68. Lesser Toe Deformities Overview - p. 303 69. Anatomy and Pathophysiology - p. 306 70. Etiology and Presenting Symptoms - p. 309 71. Preoperative Evaluation - p. 311 72. Fixed Hammer Toe Deformity - p. 314 73. Surgical Considerations - p. 319 74. Results of Hammer Toe Repair - p. 320 75. Flexible Hammer Toe Deformity - p. 329 76. Preoperative Planning - p. 330 77. Surgical Considerations - p. 330 78. Results and Complications - p. 334 79. Curly Toe Deformity - p. 336 80. Mallet Toe Deformity, - p. 336 81. Preoperative Planning - p. 336 82. Surgical Considerations - p. 337 83. Results and Complications - p. 339 84. Claw Toe Deformities - p. 339 85. Preoperative Planning - p. 340 86. Surgical Considerations - p. 341 87. Results and Complications - p. 343 88. Subluxation And Dislocation Of The Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joint - p. 344 89. Anatomy of Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joint Subluxation - p. 344 90. Etiology - p. 345 91. History and Demographics - p. 347 92. Preoperative Evaluation - p. 347 93. Treatment - p. 354 94. Results - p. 367 95. Complications - p. 374 96. Ischemic Toe - p. 375 97. Salvage Procedures - p. 376 98. Results and Complications - p. 377 99. Fifth Toe Deformities - p. 379 100. Anatomy - p. 379 101. Physical Examination - p. 382 102. Conservative Treatment - p. 382 103. Mild Overlapping Fifth Toe Deformities - p. 382 104. Severe Overlapping Fifth Toe Deformities - p. 383 105. Results of Overlapping Fifth Toe Procedures - p. 384 106. Underlapping Fifth Toe - p. 385 107. Cock-Up Fifth Toe Deformity - p. 385 108. Keratotic Deformities Of Lesser Toes - p. 388 109. Preoperative Evaluation - p. 390 110. Treatment - p. 390 111. Results and Complications - p. 392 112. References - p. 394 113. 10. Bunionettes - p. 400 114. 11. Sesamoids and Accessory Bones of the Foot - p. 434 115. Abstract - p. 434 116. Chapter outline - p. 434 117. Sesamoids of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint - p. 435 118. Interphalangeal Sesamoid of the Hallux - p. 462 119. Accessory Bones of the Foot - p. 463 120. References - p. 497 121. 12. Plantar Heel Pain - p. 505 122. Part III: Integument - p. 516 123. 13. Keratotic Disorders of the Plantar Skin - p. 519 124. 14. Toenail Abnormalities - p. 550 125. Abstract - p. 550 126. Chapter Outline - p. 550 127. Anatomy and Classification - p. 551 128. Dermatologic and Systemic Nail Disorders - p. 553 129. Genetic Disorders With Nail Changes - p. 556 130. Trauma - p. 558 131. Transverse Figure-of-Eight Suture for Securing the Toenail - p. 560 132. Tumors - p. 561 133. Onychopathies and Other Common Nail Abnormalities - p. 566 134. Nail Fold Disorders - p. 579 135. References - p. 590 136. 15. Soft Tissue Disorders of the Foot - p. 596 137. 16. Dermatology of the Foot and the Lower Extremity - p. 627 138. Part IV: Tumors - p. 637 139. 17. Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors - p. 639 140. Part V: Nerve Disorders - p. 669 141. 18. Disorders of the Nerves - p. 675 142. Abstract - p. 675 143. Chapter Outline - p. 675 144. Anatomy and Definition of Injury - p. 675 145. Electrodiagnostic Study - p. 676 146. Interdigital Neuroma/Neuralgia - p. 676 147. Recurrent Interdigital Neuromas - p. 689 148. Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 693 149. Failed Tarsal Tunnel Release - p. 703 150. Traumatic Nerve Injuries - p. 711 151. First Branch of the Lateral Plantar Nerve Entrapment - p. 715 152. Calcaneal Branches - p. 717 153. Medial Plantar Nerve Entrapment - p. 718 154. Superficial Peroneal Nerve Entrapment - p. 719 155. Deep Peroneal Nerve Entrapment - p. 721 156. Sural Nerve Entrapment - p. 726 157. Saphenous Nerve Entrapment - p. 728 158. Summary - p. 728 159. References - p. 728 160. 19. Congenital and Acquired Neurologic Disorders - p. 734 161. 20. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome - p. 771 162. Part VI: Arthritis - p. 785 163. 21. Arthritis of the Foot - p. 789 164. Non-Print Itemabstract - p. 789 165. Chapter outline - p. 789 166. Arthritic Conditions of The Foot - p. 790 167. Degenerative Arthritis of the Hindfoot - p. 793 168. Degenerative Arthritis of the Midfoot - p. 795 169. Inflammatory Arthropathies - p. 800 170. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - p. 838 171. Crystal-Induced Arthropathies - p. 838 172. Seronegative Arthropathies - p. 843 173. Miscellaneous Arthropathies of the Foot and Ankle - p. 851 174. References - p. 854 175. 22. Ankle Arthritis and Arthrodesis - p. 863 176. Non-Print Itemabstract - p. 863 177. Chapter Outline - p. 863 178. Prevalence of Ankle Osteoarthritis - p. 863 179. Pathogenesis of Ankle Arthritis - p. 865 180. Clinical Impact of Ankle Arthritis - p. 868 181. Approach to the Patient with Ankle Arthritis - p. 868 182. Nonoperative Treatment of Ankle Arthritis - p. 871 183. Operative Treatment of Global Ankle Arthritis - p. 873 184. Operative Treatment of Asymmetric, Localized Ankle Arthritis (See Video 22-5) - p. 894 185. Surgery for Failed Previous Fusion Surgery - p. 906 186. Acknowledgments - p. 912 187. References - p. 912 188. 23. Ankle Replacement - p. 920 189. Abstract - p. 920 190. Chapter Outline - p. 920 191. A Short History of Total Ankle Replacement - p. 923 192. Preparing for a Successful Total Ankle Replacement - p. 926 193. Operative Treatment of Ankle Arthritis with Total Ankle Replacement - p. 935 194. Results of Total Ankle Replacements - p. 948 195. Managing Complications of Total Ankle Replacement - p. 964 196. Acknowledgments - p. 989 197. References - p. 993 198. 24. Avascular Necrosis and Total Talus Replacement - p. 1006 199. 25. Hindfoot and Pantalar Arthritis - p. 1020 200. Abstract - p. 1020 201. Chapter Outline - p. 1020 202. Prevalence and Pathogenesis - p. 1021 203. Clinical Approach - p. 1021 204. Surgical Considerations - p. 1021 205. Specific Arthrodeses - p. 1026 206. Acknowledgments - p. 1064 207. References - p. 1064 208. 26. Midfoot Arthritis - p. 1070 209. 27. Hallux Rigidus and Other Forefoot Arthritis - p. 1077 210. Part VII: Tendon Disorders and Postural Malalignment - p. 1129 211. 28. Disorders of Tendons - p. 1135 212. Abstract - p. 1135 213. Chapter Outline - p. 1135 214. Extensor Tendons - p. 1135 215. Flexor Tendons - p. 1157 216. Peroneal Tendons - p. 1174 217. Posterior Tibial Tendon Subluxation–Dislocation - p. 1213 218. Tendon Transfers - p. 1214 219. References - p. 1221 220. 29. Pes Planus - p. 1230 221. Abstract - p. 1230 222. Chapter Outline - p. 1230 223. Pes Planus - p. 1230 224. Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity - p. 1230 225. Acknowledgment - p. 1282 226. References - p. 1282 227. 30. Pes Cavus - p. 1288 228. 31. Ring External Fixation in the Foot and Ankle - p. 1309 229. Part VIII: Diabetes and Infection - p. 1328 230. 32. The Diabetic Foot and Neuroarthropathy - p. 1330 231. 33. Infections of the Foot and Ankle - p. 1373 232. 34. Amputations of the Foot and Ankle - p. 1397 233. 35. Lower Limb Prosthetics - p. 1421 234. Part IX: Sports Medicine - p. 1438 235. 36. Athletic Soft Tissue Injuries of the Foot and Ankle - p. 1440 236. Abstract - p. 1440 237. Chapter Outline - p. 1440 238. ETIOLOGY OF INJURY IN SPORTS - p. 1442 239. CHRONIC LEG PAIN IN ATHLETES - p. 1451 240. LATERAL ANKLE SPRAINS - p. 1461 241. SYNDESMOSIS (HIGH) ANKLE SPRAINS - p. 1479 242. MEDIAL ANKLE SPRAINS - p. 1492 243. CHRONIC MEDIAL LIGAMENT INSTABILITY - p. 1496 244. SUBTALAR SPRAINS - p. 1497 245. SINUS TARSI SYNDROME - p. 1504 246. MIDFOOT SPRAINS - p. 1504 247. FOREFOOT SPRAINS—TURF TOE - p. 1511 248. BUNIONS IN ATHLETES - p. 1519 249. Acknowledgments - p. 1520 250. References - p. 1520 251. 37. Achilles Tendon Injuries - p. 1543 252. NON-PRINT ITEMAbstract - p. 1543 253. Chapter Outline - p. 1543 254. Anatomy - p. 1543 255. ACHILLES TENDINOSIS - p. 1544 256. ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE - p. 1557 257. TENDON TRANSFERS TO AUGMENT ACHILLES REPAIR OR RECONSTRUCTION (VIDEO 37-10) - p. 1574 258. SYNTHETIC AND ALLOGRAFT RECONSTRUCTION - p. 1577 259. PLATELET-RICH PLASMA - p. 1578 260. Acknowledgments - p. 1578 261. References - p. 1578 262. 38. Stress Fractures of the Foot and Ankle - p. 1586 263. 39. Arthroscopy of the Foot and Ankle - p. 1619 264. NON-PRINT ITEMAbstract - p. 1619 265. Chapter Outline - p. 1619 266. ARTHROSCOPY OF THE ANKLE IN THE SUPINE POSITION - p. 1619 267. ANKLE PATHOLOGY - p. 1629 268. ARTHROSCOPY OF THE FOOT IN THE SUPINE POSITION - p. 1658 269. ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURES - p. 1670 270. HINDFOOT ARTHROSCOPY AND ENDOSCOPY IN THE PRONE POSITION - p. 1676 271. FUTURE TRENDS IN FOOT ARTHROSCOPY - p. 1692 272. COMPLICATIONS OF ANKLE AND FOOT ARTHROSCOPY - p. 1694 273. References - p. 1697 274. 40. Osteochondral Lesions - p. 1709 275. NON-PRINT ITEMAbstract - p. 1709 276. Chapter Outline - p. 1709 277. OSTEOCHONDRAL LESIONS OF THE TALUS - p. 1709 278. OSTEOCHONDRAL LESIONS OF THE TIBIAL PLAFOND - p. 1737 279. OSTEOCHONDRAL LESIONS OF THE FOOT - p. 1740 280. Acknowledgments - p. 1741 281. References - p. 1743 282. Part X: Pediatrics - p. 1743 283. 41. Congenital Foot Deformities - p. 1753 284. Part XI: Trauma - p. 1776 285. 42. Complex Trauma and Soft Tissue Reconstruction for the Foot and Ankle - p. 1782 286. 43. Pilon Fractures - p. 1821 287. 44. Ankle Fractures and Dislocations - p. 1854 288. 45. Fractures of the Calcaneus - p. 1893 289. Abstract - p. 1893 290. Chapter Outline - p. 1893 291. Epidemiology - p. 1894 292. Pathoanatomy - p. 1894 293. Intraarticular Fractures - p. 1896 294. Fracture-Dislocations of the Calcaneus - p. 1919 295. Transcalcaneal Talonavicular Dislocations - p. 1921 296. Fractures of the Sustentaculum Tali - p. 1922 297. Anterior Process Fractures - p. 1922 298. Extraarticular Fractures - p. 1922 299. Postoperative Complications - p. 1926 300. Acknowledgments - p. 1933 301. References - p. 1933 302. 46. Talus Fractures and Peritalar Dislocations - p. 1940 303. Abstract - p. 1940 304. Chapter Outline - p. 1940 305. Anatomy - p. 1941 306. Fractures of the Talar Neck - p. 1944 307. Total Dislocation of the Talus - p. 1956 308. Subtotal Dislocation of the Talus (Subtalar or Peritalar) - p. 1957 309. Fractures of the Talar Body - p. 1961 310. Complications Associated with Fractures of the Talar Neck and Body - p. 1963 311. Fractures of the Talar Head - p. 1969 312. Fractures of the Posterior Process - p. 1970 313. Fractures of the Lateral Process - p. 1973 314. Salvage Procedures - p. 1974 315. Acknowledgments - p. 1980 316. References - p. 1980 317. 47. Fractures and Dislocations of the Midfoot and Forefoot - p. 1986 318. Chapter Outline - p. 1986 319. The Tarsal Navicular - p. 1986 320. Navicular Fractures - p. 1987 321. Cuboid and Cuneiform Bones - p. 1992 322. Lisfranc Joint Injuries - p. 1998 323. Metatarsal Fractures - p. 2014 324. Metatarsophalangeal Joint Dislocations - p. 2021 325. Phalangeal Bones - p. 2026 326. Interphalangeal Joint Dislocations - p. 2032 327. Sesamoid Bones - p. 2035 328. Crush Injury - p. 2038 329. Acknowledgments - p. 2040 330. References - p. 2047 331. Index - p. I1 332. Confidence is ClinicalKey - p. I48
The 10th edition of Coughlin and Mann’s Surgery of the Foot and Ankle delivers state-of-the-art, comprehensive coverage of the full range of foot and ankle disorders in an easy-to-manage, two-volume format. Authoritative guidance on every major aspect of the treatment and management of foot and ankle disorders and diseases helps you achieve consistent, optimal outcomes for your patients. With content covering biomechanics, examination, diagnosis, non-operative and operative treatment, and post-operative management, you have all the guidance you need to take your knowledge and skills to the next level.
Covers all key topics in foot and ankle surgery, including ankle reconstruction and total ankle arthroplasty, external/internal fixation, management of complex foot deformities, nerve disorders, arthroscopic techniques, postoperative protocols for all surgical techniques, and more.
Provides expanded coverage of minimally invasive surgery, ankle arthroscopy, and biologics.
Features a consistent, structured chapter layout across the two volumes for quick and easy reference.
Offers access to revised online features, including streamlined, refreshed, and all-new video content—more than 120 videos in all.
Contains updated images and design as well as revised pearls and key points boxes throughout.
An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Any screen, Any time, Anywhere - p. iii 5. Copyright - p. iv 6. Dedication - p. v 7. Contributors - p. vii 8. Preface - p. xi 9. Acknowledgments - p. xiii 10. Acknowledgment of Previous Editions - p. xv 11. In Appreciation - p. xvii 12. Video Table of Contents - p. xxi 13. Part I: General Considerations - p. xxiv 14. 1. Biomechanics of the Foot and Ankle - p. 1 15. 2. Principles of the Physical Examination of the Foot and Ankle - p. 28 16. 3. Imaging of the Foot and Ankle - p. 50 17. 4. Scientific Evidence-Based Foot and Ankle Care - p. 109 18. 5. Nonsurgical Treatment of Foot and Ankle Conditions - p. 113 19. 6. Regional Anesthesia for the Foot and Ankle - p. 127 20. Part II: Forefoot and Heel - p. 147 21. 7. Hallux Valgus - p. 151 22. Abstract - p. 151 23. Chapter Outline - p. 151 24. Anatomy - p. 152 25. Blood Supply to the First Metatarsal Head - p. 154 26. Pathoanatomy - p. 154 27. Pathophysiology - p. 156 28. Demographics - p. 160 29. Age of Onset - p. 161 30. Gender - p. 161 31. Bilaterality - p. 161 32. Etiology - p. 162 33. Intrinsic Causes - p. 163 34. Radiographic Measures - p. 171 35. Metatarsus Primus Varus - p. 175 36. Hallux Valgus Interphalangeus - p. 175 37. First Metatarsal Length - p. 176 38. Metatarsophalangeal Joint Shape - p. 177 39. Joint Congruity - p. 177 40. Distal Metatarsal Articular Angle - p. 178 41. First Metatarsocuneiform Joint - p. 180 42. Intermetatarsal Facet/Os Intermetatarseum - p. 182 43. Metatarsus Adductus - p. 183 44. Role of Weight-Bearing CT Scan - p. 184 45. Juvenile Bunions - p. 184 46. Juvenile Hallux Valgus - p. 186 47. Classification of Hallux Valgus Deformities - p. 186 48. Patient Evaluation - p. 187 49. Conservative Treatment - p. 188 50. Perioperative Considerations - p. 190 51. Factors Impacting Outcomes - p. 190 52. Surgical Decision Making - p. 190 53. Surgical Treatment Algorithm - p. 191 54. Surgical Procedures - p. 194 55. Distal Procedures - p. 194 56. Midshaft Osteotomies - p. 224 57. Proximal Osteotomies - p. 228 58. Multiple Osteotomies (Video 7-8) - p. 242 59. Arthrodesis Procedures - p. 247 60. Keller Procedure (Video 7-10) - p. 258 61. Complications of Hallux Valgus Surgery - p. 262 62. Conclusions - p. 262 63. References - p. 263 64. 8. Hallux Varus and Complications of Bunion Repair - p. 275 65. 9. Lesser Toe Deformities - p. 303 66. Abstract - p. 303 67. Chapter Outline - p. 303 68. Lesser Toe Deformities Overview - p. 303 69. Anatomy and Pathophysiology - p. 306 70. Etiology and Presenting Symptoms - p. 309 71. Preoperative Evaluation - p. 311 72. Fixed Hammer Toe Deformity - p. 314 73. Surgical Considerations - p. 319 74. Results of Hammer Toe Repair - p. 320 75. Flexible Hammer Toe Deformity - p. 329 76. Preoperative Planning - p. 330 77. Surgical Considerations - p. 330 78. Results and Complications - p. 334 79. Curly Toe Deformity - p. 336 80. Mallet Toe Deformity, - p. 336 81. Preoperative Planning - p. 336 82. Surgical Considerations - p. 337 83. Results and Complications - p. 339 84. Claw Toe Deformities - p. 339 85. Preoperative Planning - p. 340 86. Surgical Considerations - p. 341 87. Results and Complications - p. 343 88. Subluxation And Dislocation Of The Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joint - p. 344 89. Anatomy of Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joint Subluxation - p. 344 90. Etiology - p. 345 91. History and Demographics - p. 347 92. Preoperative Evaluation - p. 347 93. Treatment - p. 354 94. Results - p. 367 95. Complications - p. 374 96. Ischemic Toe - p. 375 97. Salvage Procedures - p. 376 98. Results and Complications - p. 377 99. Fifth Toe Deformities - p. 379 100. Anatomy - p. 379 101. Physical Examination - p. 382 102. Conservative Treatment - p. 382 103. Mild Overlapping Fifth Toe Deformities - p. 382 104. Severe Overlapping Fifth Toe Deformities - p. 383 105. Results of Overlapping Fifth Toe Procedures - p. 384 106. Underlapping Fifth Toe - p. 385 107. Cock-Up Fifth Toe Deformity - p. 385 108. Keratotic Deformities Of Lesser Toes - p. 388 109. Preoperative Evaluation - p. 390 110. Treatment - p. 390 111. Results and Complications - p. 392 112. References - p. 394 113. 10. Bunionettes - p. 400 114. 11. Sesamoids and Accessory Bones of the Foot - p. 434 115. Abstract - p. 434 116. Chapter outline - p. 434 117. Sesamoids of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint - p. 435 118. Interphalangeal Sesamoid of the Hallux - p. 462 119. Accessory Bones of the Foot - p. 463 120. References - p. 497 121. 12. Plantar Heel Pain - p. 505 122. Part III: Integument - p. 516 123. 13. Keratotic Disorders of the Plantar Skin - p. 519 124. 14. Toenail Abnormalities - p. 550 125. Abstract - p. 550 126. Chapter Outline - p. 550 127. Anatomy and Classification - p. 551 128. Dermatologic and Systemic Nail Disorders - p. 553 129. Genetic Disorders With Nail Changes - p. 556 130. Trauma - p. 558 131. Transverse Figure-of-Eight Suture for Securing the Toenail - p. 560 132. Tumors - p. 561 133. Onychopathies and Other Common Nail Abnormalities - p. 566 134. Nail Fold Disorders - p. 579 135. References - p. 590 136. 15. Soft Tissue Disorders of the Foot - p. 596 137. 16. Dermatology of the Foot and the Lower Extremity - p. 627 138. Part IV: Tumors - p. 637 139. 17. Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors - p. 639 140. Part V: Nerve Disorders - p. 669 141. 18. Disorders of the Nerves - p. 675 142. Abstract - p. 675 143. Chapter Outline - p. 675 144. Anatomy and Definition of Injury - p. 675 145. Electrodiagnostic Study - p. 676 146. Interdigital Neuroma/Neuralgia - p. 676 147. Recurrent Interdigital Neuromas - p. 689 148. Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 693 149. Failed Tarsal Tunnel Release - p. 703 150. Traumatic Nerve Injuries - p. 711 151. First Branch of the Lateral Plantar Nerve Entrapment - p. 715 152. Calcaneal Branches - p. 717 153. Medial Plantar Nerve Entrapment - p. 718 154. Superficial Peroneal Nerve Entrapment - p. 719 155. Deep Peroneal Nerve Entrapment - p. 721 156. Sural Nerve Entrapment - p. 726 157. Saphenous Nerve Entrapment - p. 728 158. Summary - p. 728 159. References - p. 728 160. 19. Congenital and Acquired Neurologic Disorders - p. 734 161. 20. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome - p. 771 162. Part VI: Arthritis - p. 785 163. 21. Arthritis of the Foot - p. 789 164. Non-Print Itemabstract - p. 789 165. Chapter outline - p. 789 166. Arthritic Conditions of The Foot - p. 790 167. Degenerative Arthritis of the Hindfoot - p. 793 168. Degenerative Arthritis of the Midfoot - p. 795 169. Inflammatory Arthropathies - p. 800 170. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - p. 838 171. Crystal-Induced Arthropathies - p. 838 172. Seronegative Arthropathies - p. 843 173. Miscellaneous Arthropathies of the Foot and Ankle - p. 851 174. References - p. 854 175. 22. Ankle Arthritis and Arthrodesis - p. 863 176. Non-Print Itemabstract - p. 863 177. Chapter Outline - p. 863 178. Prevalence of Ankle Osteoarthritis - p. 863 179. Pathogenesis of Ankle Arthritis - p. 865 180. Clinical Impact of Ankle Arthritis - p. 868 181. Approach to the Patient with Ankle Arthritis - p. 868 182. Nonoperative Treatment of Ankle Arthritis - p. 871 183. Operative Treatment of Global Ankle Arthritis - p. 873 184. Operative Treatment of Asymmetric, Localized Ankle Arthritis (See Video 22-5) - p. 894 185. Surgery for Failed Previous Fusion Surgery - p. 906 186. Acknowledgments - p. 912 187. References - p. 912 188. 23. Ankle Replacement - p. 920 189. Abstract - p. 920 190. Chapter Outline - p. 920 191. A Short History of Total Ankle Replacement - p. 923 192. Preparing for a Successful Total Ankle Replacement - p. 926 193. Operative Treatment of Ankle Arthritis with Total Ankle Replacement - p. 935 194. Results of Total Ankle Replacements - p. 948 195. Managing Complications of Total Ankle Replacement - p. 964 196. Acknowledgments - p. 989 197. References - p. 993 198. 24. Avascular Necrosis and Total Talus Replacement - p. 1006 199. 25. Hindfoot and Pantalar Arthritis - p. 1020 200. Abstract - p. 1020 201. Chapter Outline - p. 1020 202. Prevalence and Pathogenesis - p. 1021 203. Clinical Approach - p. 1021 204. Surgical Considerations - p. 1021 205. Specific Arthrodeses - p. 1026 206. Acknowledgments - p. 1064 207. References - p. 1064 208. 26. Midfoot Arthritis - p. 1070 209. 27. Hallux Rigidus and Other Forefoot Arthritis - p. 1077 210. Part VII: Tendon Disorders and Postural Malalignment - p. 1129 211. 28. Disorders of Tendons - p. 1135 212. Abstract - p. 1135 213. Chapter Outline - p. 1135 214. Extensor Tendons - p. 1135 215. Flexor Tendons - p. 1157 216. Peroneal Tendons - p. 1174 217. Posterior Tibial Tendon Subluxation–Dislocation - p. 1213 218. Tendon Transfers - p. 1214 219. References - p. 1221 220. 29. Pes Planus - p. 1230 221. Abstract - p. 1230 222. Chapter Outline - p. 1230 223. Pes Planus - p. 1230 224. Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity - p. 1230 225. Acknowledgment - p. 1282 226. References - p. 1282 227. 30. Pes Cavus - p. 1288 228. 31. Ring External Fixation in the Foot and Ankle - p. 1309 229. Part VIII: Diabetes and Infection - p. 1328 230. 32. The Diabetic Foot and Neuroarthropathy - p. 1330 231. 33. Infections of the Foot and Ankle - p. 1373 232. 34. Amputations of the Foot and Ankle - p. 1397 233. 35. Lower Limb Prosthetics - p. 1421 234. Part IX: Sports Medicine - p. 1438 235. 36. Athletic Soft Tissue Injuries of the Foot and Ankle - p. 1440 236. Abstract - p. 1440 237. Chapter Outline - p. 1440 238. ETIOLOGY OF INJURY IN SPORTS - p. 1442 239. CHRONIC LEG PAIN IN ATHLETES - p. 1451 240. LATERAL ANKLE SPRAINS - p. 1461 241. SYNDESMOSIS (HIGH) ANKLE SPRAINS - p. 1479 242. MEDIAL ANKLE SPRAINS - p. 1492 243. CHRONIC MEDIAL LIGAMENT INSTABILITY - p. 1496 244. SUBTALAR SPRAINS - p. 1497 245. SINUS TARSI SYNDROME - p. 1504 246. MIDFOOT SPRAINS - p. 1504 247. FOREFOOT SPRAINS—TURF TOE - p. 1511 248. BUNIONS IN ATHLETES - p. 1519 249. Acknowledgments - p. 1520 250. References - p. 1520 251. 37. Achilles Tendon Injuries - p. 1543 252. NON-PRINT ITEMAbstract - p. 1543 253. Chapter Outline - p. 1543 254. Anatomy - p. 1543 255. ACHILLES TENDINOSIS - p. 1544 256. ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE - p. 1557 257. TENDON TRANSFERS TO AUGMENT ACHILLES REPAIR OR RECONSTRUCTION (VIDEO 37-10) - p. 1574 258. SYNTHETIC AND ALLOGRAFT RECONSTRUCTION - p. 1577 259. PLATELET-RICH PLASMA - p. 1578 260. Acknowledgments - p. 1578 261. References - p. 1578 262. 38. Stress Fractures of the Foot and Ankle - p. 1586 263. 39. Arthroscopy of the Foot and Ankle - p. 1619 264. NON-PRINT ITEMAbstract - p. 1619 265. Chapter Outline - p. 1619 266. ARTHROSCOPY OF THE ANKLE IN THE SUPINE POSITION - p. 1619 267. ANKLE PATHOLOGY - p. 1629 268. ARTHROSCOPY OF THE FOOT IN THE SUPINE POSITION - p. 1658 269. ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURES - p. 1670 270. HINDFOOT ARTHROSCOPY AND ENDOSCOPY IN THE PRONE POSITION - p. 1676 271. FUTURE TRENDS IN FOOT ARTHROSCOPY - p. 1692 272. COMPLICATIONS OF ANKLE AND FOOT ARTHROSCOPY - p. 1694 273. References - p. 1697 274. 40. Osteochondral Lesions - p. 1709 275. NON-PRINT ITEMAbstract - p. 1709 276. Chapter Outline - p. 1709 277. OSTEOCHONDRAL LESIONS OF THE TALUS - p. 1709 278. OSTEOCHONDRAL LESIONS OF THE TIBIAL PLAFOND - p. 1737 279. OSTEOCHONDRAL LESIONS OF THE FOOT - p. 1740 280. Acknowledgments - p. 1741 281. References - p. 1743 282. Part X: Pediatrics - p. 1743 283. 41. Congenital Foot Deformities - p. 1753 284. Part XI: Trauma - p. 1776 285. 42. Complex Trauma and Soft Tissue Reconstruction for the Foot and Ankle - p. 1782 286. 43. Pilon Fractures - p. 1821 287. 44. Ankle Fractures and Dislocations - p. 1854 288. 45. Fractures of the Calcaneus - p. 1893 289. Abstract - p. 1893 290. Chapter Outline - p. 1893 291. Epidemiology - p. 1894 292. Pathoanatomy - p. 1894 293. Intraarticular Fractures - p. 1896 294. Fracture-Dislocations of the Calcaneus - p. 1919 295. Transcalcaneal Talonavicular Dislocations - p. 1921 296. Fractures of the Sustentaculum Tali - p. 1922 297. Anterior Process Fractures - p. 1922 298. Extraarticular Fractures - p. 1922 299. Postoperative Complications - p. 1926 300. Acknowledgments - p. 1933 301. References - p. 1933 302. 46. Talus Fractures and Peritalar Dislocations - p. 1940 303. Abstract - p. 1940 304. Chapter Outline - p. 1940 305. Anatomy - p. 1941 306. Fractures of the Talar Neck - p. 1944 307. Total Dislocation of the Talus - p. 1956 308. Subtotal Dislocation of the Talus (Subtalar or Peritalar) - p. 1957 309. Fractures of the Talar Body - p. 1961 310. Complications Associated with Fractures of the Talar Neck and Body - p. 1963 311. Fractures of the Talar Head - p. 1969 312. Fractures of the Posterior Process - p. 1970 313. Fractures of the Lateral Process - p. 1973 314. Salvage Procedures - p. 1974 315. Acknowledgments - p. 1980 316. References - p. 1980 317. 47. Fractures and Dislocations of the Midfoot and Forefoot - p. 1986 318. Chapter Outline - p. 1986 319. The Tarsal Navicular - p. 1986 320. Navicular Fractures - p. 1987 321. Cuboid and Cuneiform Bones - p. 1992 322. Lisfranc Joint Injuries - p. 1998 323. Metatarsal Fractures - p. 2014 324. Metatarsophalangeal Joint Dislocations - p. 2021 325. Phalangeal Bones - p. 2026 326. Interphalangeal Joint Dislocations - p. 2032 327. Sesamoid Bones - p. 2035 328. Crush Injury - p. 2038 329. Acknowledgments - p. 2040 330. References - p. 2047 331. Index - p. I1 332. Confidence is ClinicalKey - p. I48
