This expert volume in the Diagnostic Pathology series is an excellent point-of-care resource for practitioners at all levels of experience and training. Covering the full range of common and rare nonneoplastic renal diseases, it incorporates the most recent scientific and technical knowledge in the field to provide a comprehensive overview of all key issues relevant to today’s practice. Richly illustrated and easy to use, Diagnostic Pathology: Kidney Diseases, fourth edition, is a visually stunning, one-stop resource for every practicing pathologist, nephrologist, resident, student, or fellow as an ideal day-to-day reference or as a reliable training resource.
Provides a comprehensive source for key pathologies and clinical features of more than 265 kidney diseases
Features two dozen new chapters on a variety of timely topics, including COVID-19 nephropathies, xenografts, artificial intelligence (AI), digital pathology analysis, harmonized nephropathology terminology, newly identified types of amyloidosis, common artifacts and pitfalls on kidney biopsy, vaccination-associated renal disease, crystal nephropathies, and much more
Includes updates from the International Kidney and Monoclonal Gammopathy (IKMG) research group, the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) classification criteria for IgG4-related disease, Banff Foundation for Allograft Pathology, and others
Details updated genetic causes of nephrotic syndromes and antinephrin antibodies in podocytopathies—by the investigator who discovered it
Discusses the newly identified variant IgG nephropathy and novel membranous autoantigens
Contains chapters on techniques, including immunofluorescence on paraffin sections, C4d staining, and polyomavirus detection in tissue
Contains more than 4,300 print and online images, including high-resolution photographs and histologic images, full-color medical illustrations, radiologic images, and more
Employs consistently templated chapters, bulleted content, key facts, a variety of tables, annotated images, pertinent references, and an extensive index for quick, expert reference at the point of care
Shares the expertise of internationally recognized authors who provide fresh perspectives on multiple topics, with a particular emphasis on practical information that directly assists in making and supporting a diagnosis
1. SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 1 2. Introduction to Renal Pathology - p. 2 3. Normal Kidney Structure - p. 23 4. Normal Kidney Development - p. 35 5. Kidney Biopsy Reports - p. 45 6. Needle Biopsy: Evaluation for Adequacy - p. 47 7. Harmonized Nephropathology Terminology and Reporting - p. 51 8. Consensus Definitions of Light and Electron Microscopy Lesions - p. 53 9. Common Artifacts and Pitfalls - p. 57 10. SECTION 2: GLOMERULAR DISEASES - p. 63 11. PODOCYTOPATHIES - p. 63 12. Minimal Change Disease (Diffuse Podocytopathy) - p. 63 13. Classification of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis - p. 73 14. Etiologic Classification of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis - p. 77 15. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, Primary - p. 79 16. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, Adaptive (Secondary) - p. 87 17. Collapsing Glomerulopathy - p. 93 18. MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY AND VARIANTS - p. 103 19. Introduction to Membranous Nephropathy - p. 103 20. Etiologies of Membranous Nephropathy - p. 111 21. Membranous Nephropathy Due to PLA2R1 Autoantibodies - p. 113 22. Membranous Nephropathy Due to Non-PLA2R1 Autoantibodies - p. 119 23. Membranous Nephropathy Associated With Systemic Disease - p. 125 24. Membranous Nephropathy With Anti-TBM Antibodies - p. 129 25. Podocyte Infolding Glomerulopathy - p. 131 26. IgA-RELATED GLOMERULONEPHRITIDES - p. 133 27. Overview of IgA-Related Glomerular Diseases - p. 133 28. IgA Nephropathy - p. 137 29. IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura) - p. 151 30. IgA Acute Glomerulonephritis Associated With Staphylococcus aureus - p. 157 31. Hepatic Disease With IgA Deposition - p. 161 32. SLE AND RELATED AUTOANTIBODY-MEDIATED DISEASES - p. 163 33. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - p. 163 34. Mixed Connective Tissue Disease - p. 181 35. Idiopathic Nonlupus Full-House Nephropathy - p. 183 36. Mixed Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis - p. 185 37. ANTI-GBM DISEASES - p. 191 38. Anti-GBM Glomerulonephritis - p. 191 39. Atypical Anti-GBM Disease - p. 199 40. COMPLEMENT-RELATED GLOMERULONEPHRITIDES - p. 203 41. Classification of MPGN and Complement-Related Diseases - p. 203 42. Dense Deposit Disease - p. 209 43. C3 Glomerulonephritis - p. 217 44. C1q Nephropathy - p. 225 45. C4 Glomerulopathy - p. 231 46. Immune Complex Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis - p. 233 47. MONOCLONAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN GLOMERULAR DISEASES - p. 241 48. Introduction to Diseases With Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposits - p. 241 49. Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disease - p. 245 50. Proliferative Glomerulonephritis With Monoclonal IgG Deposits - p. 253 51. Membranous Nephropathy With Masked IgG-Kappa Deposits - p. 257 52. Type I Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis - p. 261 53. Waldenström Macroglobulinemia - p. 265 54. Crystalglobulin Glomerulonephritis - p. 267 55. Light Chain Crystalline Podocytopathy - p. 269 56. AMYLOIDOSIS - p. 271 57. Amyloidosis Classification - p. 271 58. AL/AH Amyloidosis - p. 277 59. AA Amyloidosis - p. 283 60. AFib Amyloidosis - p. 287 61. AGel Amyloidosis - p. 289 62. ALECT2 Amyloidosis - p. 291 63. AApoAI Amyloidosis - p. 293 64. AApoAII Amyloidosis - p. 294 65. AApoAIV Amyloidosis - p. 295 66. AApoCII Amyloidosis - p. 296 67. ATTR Amyloidosis - p. 297 68. IDIOPATHIC FIBRILLARY GLOMERULOPATHIES - p. 299 69. Diseases With Organized Deposits - p. 299 70. Fibrillary Glomerulopathy - p. 303 71. Immunotactoid Glomerulopathy - p. 309 72. Fibronectin Glomerulopathy - p. 313 73. DIABETIC AND RELATED RENAL DISEASES - p. 317 74. Diabetic Nephropathy - p. 317 75. Metabolic Syndrome/Obesity-Related Glomerular Disease - p. 327 76. Idiopathic Nodular Glomerulopathy - p. 331 77. INFECTION-RELATED GLOMERULAR DISEASES - p. 335 78. Overview of Infection-Related Glomerular Disease - p. 335 79. Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis - p. 339 80. Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis, Nonstreptococcal - p. 347 81. Glomerulonephritis of Chronic Infection, Including Shunt Nephritis - p. 353 82. Endocarditis - p. 355 83. Syphilis - p. 359 84. Lyme Disease - p. 361 85. COVID-19 Nephropathies - p. 363 86. Hepatitis B Virus - p. 371 87. Hepatitis C Virus - p. 375 88. HIV-Associated Nephropathy - p. 381 89. Miscellaneous HIV-Associated Renal Diseases - p. 387 90. Schistosomiasis - p. 393 91. Filariasis - p. 395 92. Leishmaniasis - p. 396 93. DRUG-INDUCED GLOMERULAR DISEASES - p. 397 94. Drug-Induced Minimal Change Disease - p. 397 95. Bisphosphonate-Induced Collapsing Glomerulopathy - p. 399 96. Chloroquine Toxicity - p. 400 97. Antihepatitis C Virus Drugs - p. 401 98. Anti-EGFR Drugs - p. 405 99. GENETIC GLOMERULAR DISEASES - p. 407 100. Classification of Glomerular Genetic Diseases - p. 407 101. Genetic Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome - p. 409 102. GENETIC DISEASES OF GBM COLLAGEN - p. 413 103. Alport Syndrome - p. 413 104. Thin Basement Membrane Disease - p. 425 105. GENETIC PODOCYTE DISEASES - p. 427 106. Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome of Finnish Type - p. 427 107. Pierson Syndrome - p. 431 108. Galloway-Mowat Syndrome - p. 433 109. Denys-Drash Syndrome - p. 435 110. Frasier Syndrome - p. 439 111. Podocin Deficiency - p. 441 112. α-Actinin-4 Deficiency - p. 443 113. Autosomal Dominant FSGS Due to INF2 Mutations - p. 445 114. APOL1-Related Glomerular Disease - p. 447 115. Schimke Immunoosseous Dysplasia - p. 451 116. GENETIC STORAGE AND LIPID DISEASES - p. 453 117. Fabry Disease - p. 453 118. Alagille Syndrome - p. 461 119. Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency - p. 463 120. APOE Lipoprotein Glomerulopathy - p. 467 121. Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia - p. 469 122. I-Cell Disease (Mucolipidosis II) - p. 471 123. Gaucher Glomerulopathy - p. 473 124. OTHER GENETIC GLOMERULAR DISEASES - p. 475 125. Type III Collagen Glomerulopathy - p. 475 126. Nail-Patella Syndrome - p. 479 127. Glomerulopathy of Hereditary Multiple Exostoses - p. 481 128. MISCELLANEOUS GLOMERULAR DISEASES - p. 483 129. Cryofibrinogenic Glomerulopathy - p. 483 130. IgM Nephropathy - p. 487 131. Kidney Disease Associated With COVID-19 Immunization - p. 489 132. Renal Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis - p. 493 133. Hemophagocytic Glomerulopathy - p. 499 134. Coenzyme-Q Nephropathies - p. 503 135. Hepatic Glomerulosclerosis - p. 505 136. Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma - p. 506 137. SECTION 3: VASCULAR DISEASES - p. 507 138. Overview and Classification of Systemic Vasculitides - p. 507 139. ANCA DISEASES - p. 519 140. ANCA-Related Glomerulonephritis - p. 519 141. Microscopic Polyangiitis - p. 525 142. Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis - p. 533 143. Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) - p. 543 144. Drug-Induced ANCA Vasculitis - p. 549 145. NON-ANCA VASCULITIDES - p. 553 146. Polyarteritis Nodosa - p. 553 147. Kawasaki Disease - p. 559 148. Giant Cell Arteritis - p. 561 149. Takayasu Arteritis - p. 565 150. Hypocomplementemic Urticarial Vasculitis (Anti-C1q Vasculitis) - p. 569 151. THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHIES - p. 571 152. Introduction to Thrombotic Microangiopathies - p. 571 153. Infection-Related Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome - p. 577 154. Genetic Thrombotic Microangiopathy - p. 583 155. Autoimmune Thrombotic Microangiopathy - p. 587 156. Drug-Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy - p. 591 157. Postpartum Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome - p. 595 158. Scleroderma Renal Disease - p. 599 159. Multicentric Castleman Disease - p. 605 160. OTHER DISEASES AFFECTING ENDOTHELIUM - p. 607 161. Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, and HELLP Syndrome - p. 607 162. Radiation Nephropathy - p. 609 163. Sickle Cell Nephropathy - p. 611 164. Retinal Vasculopathy and Cerebral Leukodystrophy - p. 615 165. HYPERTENSIVE RENAL DISEASES - p. 617 166. Hypertensive Renovascular Diseases - p. 617 167. Renal Artery Stenosis - p. 625 168. Fibromuscular Dysplasia - p. 629 169. Neurofibromatosis - p. 635 170. THROMBOTIC AND EMBOLIC DISEASES - p. 639 171. Renal Vein Thrombosis - p. 639 172. Renal Artery Thrombosis - p. 641 173. Atheromatous Emboli - p. 643 174. Hydrophilic Polymer Emboli - p. 645 175. SECTION 4: TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES - p. 647 176. Overview and Classification of Tubulointerstitial Diseases - p. 647 177. Differential Diagnosis of Acute Interstitial Nephritis - p. 651 178. Granulomatous Interstitial Nephritis - p. 657 179. Guide to Crystal Nephropathies - p. 661 180. ISCHEMIC INJURIES - p. 667 181. Acute Tubular Injury - p. 667 182. Renal Cortical Necrosis - p. 673 183. Sepsis/Shock - p. 675 184. IMMUNOLOGIC TUBULAR DISEASES - p. 677 185. IgG4-Related Disease - p. 677 186. Sjögren Syndrome - p. 687 187. Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis - p. 691 188. Sarcoidosis - p. 695 189. Antibrush Border Autoantibody Tubulointerstitial Nephritis - p. 699 190. Anti-TBM Disease - p. 701 191. Tubulointerstitial Nephritis With IgM(+) Plasma Cells - p. 703 192. MONOCLONAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES - p. 705 193. Light Chain Cast Nephropathy - p. 705 194. Light Chain Proximal Tubulopathy With Crystals - p. 711 195. Light Chain Proximal Tubulopathy Without Crystals - p. 715 196. Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis - p. 719 197. DRUG-INDUCED TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES - p. 723 198. Drug-Induced Acute Interstitial Nephritis - p. 723 199. Drugs That Cause Tubulointerstitial Nephritis - p. 729 200. Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Kidney Diseases - p. 731 201. Papillary Necrosis - p. 735 202. Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity - p. 739 203. Osmotic Tubulopathy - p. 741 204. Antiviral Drug Nephrotoxicity - p. 745 205. Acute Phosphate Nephropathy - p. 751 206. Lithium-Induced Renal Disease - p. 753 207. Calcineurin Inhibitor Toxicity - p. 755 208. mTOR Inhibitor Toxicity - p. 761 209. Vancomycin-Induced Cast Nephropathy - p. 763 210. Anticoagulant-Related Nephropathy - p. 765 211. Illicit Drugs and Opioids - p. 767 212. TOXIC TUBULOPATHIES - p. 769 213. Myoglobinuria/Rhabdomyolysis/Hemoglobinuria - p. 769 214. Bile Cast Nephropathy - p. 771 215. Lead and Other Heavy Metal Toxins - p. 773 216. Ethylene Glycol Toxicity - p. 777 217. Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy - p. 779 218. Balkan Endemic Nephropathy - p. 781 219. Argyria - p. 783 220. AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT TUBULOINTERSTITIAL KIDNEY DISEASES - p. 785 221. MUC1-Related Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease - p. 785 222. UMOD-Related Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease - p. 787 223. REN-Related Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease - p. 789 224. HNF1B-Related Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease - p. 791 225. GENETIC CRYSTAL DEPOSITION DISEASES - p. 793 226. Uric Acid Nephropathy/Gout - p. 793 227. Primary Hyperoxaluria - p. 797 228. 2,8-Dihydroxyadeninuria - p. 799 229. Cystinosis - p. 801 230. GENETIC TRANSPORT DISEASES - p. 803 231. Bartter Syndrome - p. 803 232. Dent Disease - p. 805 233. Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome of Lowe - p. 807 234. OTHER GENETIC TUBULAR DISEASES - p. 809 235. Mitochondriopathies - p. 809 236. Systemic Karyomegaly - p. 813 237. Methylmalonic Acidemia - p. 815 238. MISCELLANEOUS TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES - p. 819 239. Nephrocalcinosis - p. 819 240. Lysozyme Nephropathy - p. 821 241. Secondary Oxalosis - p. 823 242. Chronic Interstitial Nephritis in Agricultural Communities - p. 825 243. Extramedullary Hematopoiesis - p. 827 244. SECTION 5: KIDNEY INFECTIONS - p. 831 245. BACTERIAL INFECTIONS - p. 831 246. Acute Pyelonephritis - p. 831 247. Chronic Pyelonephritis - p. 841 248. Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis - p. 845 249. Malakoplakia - p. 849 250. Tuberculosis - p. 853 251. BCG Granulomatous Interstitial Nephritis - p. 855 252. Leprosy - p. 857 253. Megalocytic Interstitial Nephritis - p. 858 254. Nocardiosis - p. 859 255. Leptospirosis - p. 861 256. Whipple Disease - p. 863 257. FUNGAL, RICKETTSIAL, AND PARASITIC INFECTIONS - p. 865 258. Mucormycosis - p. 865 259. Candidiasis - p. 867 260. Histoplasmosis - p. 868 261. Coccidioidomycosis - p. 869 262. Blastomycosis - p. 870 263. Paracoccidioidomycosis - p. 871 264. Aspergillosis - p. 872 265. Cryptococcosis - p. 873 266. Microsporidiosis - p. 874 267. Rickettsial Infections - p. 875 268. Toxoplasmosis - p. 877 269. Hydatidosis - p. 879 270. VIRAL INFECTIONS - p. 881 271. Polyomavirus Nephritis - p. 881 272. Cytomegalovirus Infection - p. 889 273. Adenovirus Infection - p. 891 274. Epstein-Barr Virus Nephritis - p. 893 275. Herpes Simplex Acute Nephritis - p. 895 276. Hantavirus Nephropathy - p. 897 277. SECTION 6: DEVELOPMENTAL DISEASES - p. 899 278. Overview of Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Tract - p. 899 279. Dysplasia/Hypoplasia/Agenesis - p. 905 280. Oligomeganephronia - p. 911 281. Ectopia, Malrotation, Duplication, Fusion, Supernumerary Kidney - p. 913 282. Ask-Upmark Kidney - p. 917 283. Renal Tubular Dysgenesis - p. 919 284. SECTION 7: CYSTIC DISEASES - p. 923 285. Overview of Cystic Diseases - p. 923 286. CILIOPATHIES - p. 931 287. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease - p. 931 288. Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease - p. 937 289. Nephronophthisis and Related Ciliopathies - p. 943 290. OTHER GENETIC CYSTIC DISEASES - p. 949 291. von Hippel-Lindau Disease - p. 949 292. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex - p. 955 293. Zellweger Syndrome - p. 961 294. MISCELLANEOUS CYSTIC DISEASES - p. 963 295. Medullary Sponge Kidney - p. 963 296. Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor Family - p. 965 297. Pediatric Cystic Nephroma - p. 971 298. Acquired Cystic Disease - p. 975 299. Simple and Miscellaneous Cysts - p. 979 300. Renal Lymphangioma/Lymphangiectasia - p. 981 301. SECTION 8: COLLECTING SYSTEM DISEASES - p. 985 302. Introduction to Impediments to Urine Flow - p. 985 303. Reflux Nephropathy - p. 991 304. Obstructive Uropathy - p. 995 305. Nephrolithiasis - p. 999 306. Loin Pain Hematuria Syndrome - p. 1005 307. SECTION 9: RENAL ALLOGRAFT DISEASES - p. 1007 308. Pathologic Classification of Renal Allograft Diseases - p. 1007 309. INTRODUCTION - p. 1011 310. Evaluation of Allograft Kidneys - p. 1011 311. Evaluation of Donor Kidneys - p. 1017 312. REJECTION - p. 1023 313. Acute T-Cell-Mediated Rejection - p. 1023 314. Chronic T-Cell-Mediated Rejection - p. 1033 315. Hyperacute Rejection - p. 1037 316. Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection - p. 1041 317. Chronic Antibody-Mediated Rejection - p. 1049 318. Transcript Analysis of Renal Transplant Biopsies - p. 1061 319. RECURRENT AND DE NOVO DISEASES - p. 1065 320. Diseases That Recur in Allografts - p. 1065 321. De Novo Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis - p. 1071 322. De Novo Membranous Nephropathy - p. 1073 323. Anti-GBM Disease in Alport Syndrome - p. 1077 324. Chimerism Transition Syndrome - p. 1079 325. Late Posttransplant Histology - p. 1081 326. OTHER ALLOGRAFT DISEASES - p. 1083 327. Acute Allograft Ischemia - p. 1083 328. Size Mismatch Allograft Injury - p. 1087 329. Lymphocele - p. 1089 330. Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis - p. 1090 331. Transplant Renal Artery or Vein Thrombosis - p. 1091 332. Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Diseases - p. 1093 333. BK Polyomavirus Neoplasia - p. 1103 334. Protocol Biopsies - p. 1105 335. Tolerance - p. 1109 336. Kidney Xenografts - p. 1113 337. KIDNEY PATHOLOGY IN RECIPIENTS OF OTHER TRANSPLANTS - p. 1117 338. Kidney Diseases in Nonrenal Transplant Recipients - p. 1117 339. Graft-vs.-Host Glomerulopathies - p. 1121 340. SECTION 10: KIDNEY EXAMINATION - p. 1123 341. Examination of End-Stage Kidneys - p. 1123 342. Examination of Tumor Nephrectomy Specimens for Nonneoplastic Diseases - p. 1131 343. Evaluation of Transplant Nephrectomies - p. 1135 344. Evaluation of Autopsy Kidneys - p. 1139 345. SECTION 11: TECHNIQUES - p. 1143 346. Basic Concepts for Computational Image Analysis - p. 1143 347. Artificial Intelligence and Digital Pathology Analysis of Kidneys - p. 1149 348. Evaluation of Fibrosis - p. 1153 349. Immunofluorescence on Paraffin Tissue Sections - p. 1157 350. EM Processing From Paraffin Tissue - p. 1161 351. Detection of Autoantigens in Membranous Nephropathy - p. 1163 352. Alport Collagen IV Immunofluorescence - p. 1167 353. C4d Immunohistochemistry/Immunofluorescence - p. 1169 354. Polyomavirus Detection in Tissue - p. 1173 355. Mass Spectrometry - p. 1175 356. Diagnostic Genetics of Kidney Diseases - p. 1177 357. INDEX - p. 1181
This expert volume in the Diagnostic Pathology series is an excellent point-of-care resource for practitioners at all levels of experience and training. Covering the full range of common and rare nonneoplastic renal diseases, it incorporates the most recent scientific and technical knowledge in the field to provide a comprehensive overview of all key issues relevant to today’s practice. Richly illustrated and easy to use, Diagnostic Pathology: Kidney Diseases, fourth edition, is a visually stunning, one-stop resource for every practicing pathologist, nephrologist, resident, student, or fellow as an ideal day-to-day reference or as a reliable training resource.
Provides a comprehensive source for key pathologies and clinical features of more than 265 kidney diseases
Features two dozen new chapters on a variety of timely topics, including COVID-19 nephropathies, xenografts, artificial intelligence (AI), digital pathology analysis, harmonized nephropathology terminology, newly identified types of amyloidosis, common artifacts and pitfalls on kidney biopsy, vaccination-associated renal disease, crystal nephropathies, and much more
Includes updates from the International Kidney and Monoclonal Gammopathy (IKMG) research group, the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) classification criteria for IgG4-related disease, Banff Foundation for Allograft Pathology, and others
Details updated genetic causes of nephrotic syndromes and antinephrin antibodies in podocytopathies—by the investigator who discovered it
Discusses the newly identified variant IgG nephropathy and novel membranous autoantigens
Contains chapters on techniques, including immunofluorescence on paraffin sections, C4d staining, and polyomavirus detection in tissue
Contains more than 4,300 print and online images, including high-resolution photographs and histologic images, full-color medical illustrations, radiologic images, and more
Employs consistently templated chapters, bulleted content, key facts, a variety of tables, annotated images, pertinent references, and an extensive index for quick, expert reference at the point of care
Shares the expertise of internationally recognized authors who provide fresh perspectives on multiple topics, with a particular emphasis on practical information that directly assists in making and supporting a diagnosis
1. SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 1 2. Introduction to Renal Pathology - p. 2 3. Normal Kidney Structure - p. 23 4. Normal Kidney Development - p. 35 5. Kidney Biopsy Reports - p. 45 6. Needle Biopsy: Evaluation for Adequacy - p. 47 7. Harmonized Nephropathology Terminology and Reporting - p. 51 8. Consensus Definitions of Light and Electron Microscopy Lesions - p. 53 9. Common Artifacts and Pitfalls - p. 57 10. SECTION 2: GLOMERULAR DISEASES - p. 63 11. PODOCYTOPATHIES - p. 63 12. Minimal Change Disease (Diffuse Podocytopathy) - p. 63 13. Classification of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis - p. 73 14. Etiologic Classification of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis - p. 77 15. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, Primary - p. 79 16. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, Adaptive (Secondary) - p. 87 17. Collapsing Glomerulopathy - p. 93 18. MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY AND VARIANTS - p. 103 19. Introduction to Membranous Nephropathy - p. 103 20. Etiologies of Membranous Nephropathy - p. 111 21. Membranous Nephropathy Due to PLA2R1 Autoantibodies - p. 113 22. Membranous Nephropathy Due to Non-PLA2R1 Autoantibodies - p. 119 23. Membranous Nephropathy Associated With Systemic Disease - p. 125 24. Membranous Nephropathy With Anti-TBM Antibodies - p. 129 25. Podocyte Infolding Glomerulopathy - p. 131 26. IgA-RELATED GLOMERULONEPHRITIDES - p. 133 27. Overview of IgA-Related Glomerular Diseases - p. 133 28. IgA Nephropathy - p. 137 29. IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura) - p. 151 30. IgA Acute Glomerulonephritis Associated With Staphylococcus aureus - p. 157 31. Hepatic Disease With IgA Deposition - p. 161 32. SLE AND RELATED AUTOANTIBODY-MEDIATED DISEASES - p. 163 33. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - p. 163 34. Mixed Connective Tissue Disease - p. 181 35. Idiopathic Nonlupus Full-House Nephropathy - p. 183 36. Mixed Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis - p. 185 37. ANTI-GBM DISEASES - p. 191 38. Anti-GBM Glomerulonephritis - p. 191 39. Atypical Anti-GBM Disease - p. 199 40. COMPLEMENT-RELATED GLOMERULONEPHRITIDES - p. 203 41. Classification of MPGN and Complement-Related Diseases - p. 203 42. Dense Deposit Disease - p. 209 43. C3 Glomerulonephritis - p. 217 44. C1q Nephropathy - p. 225 45. C4 Glomerulopathy - p. 231 46. Immune Complex Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis - p. 233 47. MONOCLONAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN GLOMERULAR DISEASES - p. 241 48. Introduction to Diseases With Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposits - p. 241 49. Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disease - p. 245 50. Proliferative Glomerulonephritis With Monoclonal IgG Deposits - p. 253 51. Membranous Nephropathy With Masked IgG-Kappa Deposits - p. 257 52. Type I Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis - p. 261 53. Waldenström Macroglobulinemia - p. 265 54. Crystalglobulin Glomerulonephritis - p. 267 55. Light Chain Crystalline Podocytopathy - p. 269 56. AMYLOIDOSIS - p. 271 57. Amyloidosis Classification - p. 271 58. AL/AH Amyloidosis - p. 277 59. AA Amyloidosis - p. 283 60. AFib Amyloidosis - p. 287 61. AGel Amyloidosis - p. 289 62. ALECT2 Amyloidosis - p. 291 63. AApoAI Amyloidosis - p. 293 64. AApoAII Amyloidosis - p. 294 65. AApoAIV Amyloidosis - p. 295 66. AApoCII Amyloidosis - p. 296 67. ATTR Amyloidosis - p. 297 68. IDIOPATHIC FIBRILLARY GLOMERULOPATHIES - p. 299 69. Diseases With Organized Deposits - p. 299 70. Fibrillary Glomerulopathy - p. 303 71. Immunotactoid Glomerulopathy - p. 309 72. Fibronectin Glomerulopathy - p. 313 73. DIABETIC AND RELATED RENAL DISEASES - p. 317 74. Diabetic Nephropathy - p. 317 75. Metabolic Syndrome/Obesity-Related Glomerular Disease - p. 327 76. Idiopathic Nodular Glomerulopathy - p. 331 77. INFECTION-RELATED GLOMERULAR DISEASES - p. 335 78. Overview of Infection-Related Glomerular Disease - p. 335 79. Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis - p. 339 80. Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis, Nonstreptococcal - p. 347 81. Glomerulonephritis of Chronic Infection, Including Shunt Nephritis - p. 353 82. Endocarditis - p. 355 83. Syphilis - p. 359 84. Lyme Disease - p. 361 85. COVID-19 Nephropathies - p. 363 86. Hepatitis B Virus - p. 371 87. Hepatitis C Virus - p. 375 88. HIV-Associated Nephropathy - p. 381 89. Miscellaneous HIV-Associated Renal Diseases - p. 387 90. Schistosomiasis - p. 393 91. Filariasis - p. 395 92. Leishmaniasis - p. 396 93. DRUG-INDUCED GLOMERULAR DISEASES - p. 397 94. Drug-Induced Minimal Change Disease - p. 397 95. Bisphosphonate-Induced Collapsing Glomerulopathy - p. 399 96. Chloroquine Toxicity - p. 400 97. Antihepatitis C Virus Drugs - p. 401 98. Anti-EGFR Drugs - p. 405 99. GENETIC GLOMERULAR DISEASES - p. 407 100. Classification of Glomerular Genetic Diseases - p. 407 101. Genetic Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome - p. 409 102. GENETIC DISEASES OF GBM COLLAGEN - p. 413 103. Alport Syndrome - p. 413 104. Thin Basement Membrane Disease - p. 425 105. GENETIC PODOCYTE DISEASES - p. 427 106. Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome of Finnish Type - p. 427 107. Pierson Syndrome - p. 431 108. Galloway-Mowat Syndrome - p. 433 109. Denys-Drash Syndrome - p. 435 110. Frasier Syndrome - p. 439 111. Podocin Deficiency - p. 441 112. α-Actinin-4 Deficiency - p. 443 113. Autosomal Dominant FSGS Due to INF2 Mutations - p. 445 114. APOL1-Related Glomerular Disease - p. 447 115. Schimke Immunoosseous Dysplasia - p. 451 116. GENETIC STORAGE AND LIPID DISEASES - p. 453 117. Fabry Disease - p. 453 118. Alagille Syndrome - p. 461 119. Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency - p. 463 120. APOE Lipoprotein Glomerulopathy - p. 467 121. Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia - p. 469 122. I-Cell Disease (Mucolipidosis II) - p. 471 123. Gaucher Glomerulopathy - p. 473 124. OTHER GENETIC GLOMERULAR DISEASES - p. 475 125. Type III Collagen Glomerulopathy - p. 475 126. Nail-Patella Syndrome - p. 479 127. Glomerulopathy of Hereditary Multiple Exostoses - p. 481 128. MISCELLANEOUS GLOMERULAR DISEASES - p. 483 129. Cryofibrinogenic Glomerulopathy - p. 483 130. IgM Nephropathy - p. 487 131. Kidney Disease Associated With COVID-19 Immunization - p. 489 132. Renal Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis - p. 493 133. Hemophagocytic Glomerulopathy - p. 499 134. Coenzyme-Q Nephropathies - p. 503 135. Hepatic Glomerulosclerosis - p. 505 136. Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma - p. 506 137. SECTION 3: VASCULAR DISEASES - p. 507 138. Overview and Classification of Systemic Vasculitides - p. 507 139. ANCA DISEASES - p. 519 140. ANCA-Related Glomerulonephritis - p. 519 141. Microscopic Polyangiitis - p. 525 142. Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis - p. 533 143. Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) - p. 543 144. Drug-Induced ANCA Vasculitis - p. 549 145. NON-ANCA VASCULITIDES - p. 553 146. Polyarteritis Nodosa - p. 553 147. Kawasaki Disease - p. 559 148. Giant Cell Arteritis - p. 561 149. Takayasu Arteritis - p. 565 150. Hypocomplementemic Urticarial Vasculitis (Anti-C1q Vasculitis) - p. 569 151. THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHIES - p. 571 152. Introduction to Thrombotic Microangiopathies - p. 571 153. Infection-Related Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome - p. 577 154. Genetic Thrombotic Microangiopathy - p. 583 155. Autoimmune Thrombotic Microangiopathy - p. 587 156. Drug-Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy - p. 591 157. Postpartum Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome - p. 595 158. Scleroderma Renal Disease - p. 599 159. Multicentric Castleman Disease - p. 605 160. OTHER DISEASES AFFECTING ENDOTHELIUM - p. 607 161. Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, and HELLP Syndrome - p. 607 162. Radiation Nephropathy - p. 609 163. Sickle Cell Nephropathy - p. 611 164. Retinal Vasculopathy and Cerebral Leukodystrophy - p. 615 165. HYPERTENSIVE RENAL DISEASES - p. 617 166. Hypertensive Renovascular Diseases - p. 617 167. Renal Artery Stenosis - p. 625 168. Fibromuscular Dysplasia - p. 629 169. Neurofibromatosis - p. 635 170. THROMBOTIC AND EMBOLIC DISEASES - p. 639 171. Renal Vein Thrombosis - p. 639 172. Renal Artery Thrombosis - p. 641 173. Atheromatous Emboli - p. 643 174. Hydrophilic Polymer Emboli - p. 645 175. SECTION 4: TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES - p. 647 176. Overview and Classification of Tubulointerstitial Diseases - p. 647 177. Differential Diagnosis of Acute Interstitial Nephritis - p. 651 178. Granulomatous Interstitial Nephritis - p. 657 179. Guide to Crystal Nephropathies - p. 661 180. ISCHEMIC INJURIES - p. 667 181. Acute Tubular Injury - p. 667 182. Renal Cortical Necrosis - p. 673 183. Sepsis/Shock - p. 675 184. IMMUNOLOGIC TUBULAR DISEASES - p. 677 185. IgG4-Related Disease - p. 677 186. Sjögren Syndrome - p. 687 187. Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis - p. 691 188. Sarcoidosis - p. 695 189. Antibrush Border Autoantibody Tubulointerstitial Nephritis - p. 699 190. Anti-TBM Disease - p. 701 191. Tubulointerstitial Nephritis With IgM(+) Plasma Cells - p. 703 192. MONOCLONAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES - p. 705 193. Light Chain Cast Nephropathy - p. 705 194. Light Chain Proximal Tubulopathy With Crystals - p. 711 195. Light Chain Proximal Tubulopathy Without Crystals - p. 715 196. Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis - p. 719 197. DRUG-INDUCED TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES - p. 723 198. Drug-Induced Acute Interstitial Nephritis - p. 723 199. Drugs That Cause Tubulointerstitial Nephritis - p. 729 200. Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Kidney Diseases - p. 731 201. Papillary Necrosis - p. 735 202. Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity - p. 739 203. Osmotic Tubulopathy - p. 741 204. Antiviral Drug Nephrotoxicity - p. 745 205. Acute Phosphate Nephropathy - p. 751 206. Lithium-Induced Renal Disease - p. 753 207. Calcineurin Inhibitor Toxicity - p. 755 208. mTOR Inhibitor Toxicity - p. 761 209. Vancomycin-Induced Cast Nephropathy - p. 763 210. Anticoagulant-Related Nephropathy - p. 765 211. Illicit Drugs and Opioids - p. 767 212. TOXIC TUBULOPATHIES - p. 769 213. Myoglobinuria/Rhabdomyolysis/Hemoglobinuria - p. 769 214. Bile Cast Nephropathy - p. 771 215. Lead and Other Heavy Metal Toxins - p. 773 216. Ethylene Glycol Toxicity - p. 777 217. Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy - p. 779 218. Balkan Endemic Nephropathy - p. 781 219. Argyria - p. 783 220. AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT TUBULOINTERSTITIAL KIDNEY DISEASES - p. 785 221. MUC1-Related Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease - p. 785 222. UMOD-Related Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease - p. 787 223. REN-Related Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease - p. 789 224. HNF1B-Related Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease - p. 791 225. GENETIC CRYSTAL DEPOSITION DISEASES - p. 793 226. Uric Acid Nephropathy/Gout - p. 793 227. Primary Hyperoxaluria - p. 797 228. 2,8-Dihydroxyadeninuria - p. 799 229. Cystinosis - p. 801 230. GENETIC TRANSPORT DISEASES - p. 803 231. Bartter Syndrome - p. 803 232. Dent Disease - p. 805 233. Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome of Lowe - p. 807 234. OTHER GENETIC TUBULAR DISEASES - p. 809 235. Mitochondriopathies - p. 809 236. Systemic Karyomegaly - p. 813 237. Methylmalonic Acidemia - p. 815 238. MISCELLANEOUS TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES - p. 819 239. Nephrocalcinosis - p. 819 240. Lysozyme Nephropathy - p. 821 241. Secondary Oxalosis - p. 823 242. Chronic Interstitial Nephritis in Agricultural Communities - p. 825 243. Extramedullary Hematopoiesis - p. 827 244. SECTION 5: KIDNEY INFECTIONS - p. 831 245. BACTERIAL INFECTIONS - p. 831 246. Acute Pyelonephritis - p. 831 247. Chronic Pyelonephritis - p. 841 248. Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis - p. 845 249. Malakoplakia - p. 849 250. Tuberculosis - p. 853 251. BCG Granulomatous Interstitial Nephritis - p. 855 252. Leprosy - p. 857 253. Megalocytic Interstitial Nephritis - p. 858 254. Nocardiosis - p. 859 255. Leptospirosis - p. 861 256. Whipple Disease - p. 863 257. FUNGAL, RICKETTSIAL, AND PARASITIC INFECTIONS - p. 865 258. Mucormycosis - p. 865 259. Candidiasis - p. 867 260. Histoplasmosis - p. 868 261. Coccidioidomycosis - p. 869 262. Blastomycosis - p. 870 263. Paracoccidioidomycosis - p. 871 264. Aspergillosis - p. 872 265. Cryptococcosis - p. 873 266. Microsporidiosis - p. 874 267. Rickettsial Infections - p. 875 268. Toxoplasmosis - p. 877 269. Hydatidosis - p. 879 270. VIRAL INFECTIONS - p. 881 271. Polyomavirus Nephritis - p. 881 272. Cytomegalovirus Infection - p. 889 273. Adenovirus Infection - p. 891 274. Epstein-Barr Virus Nephritis - p. 893 275. Herpes Simplex Acute Nephritis - p. 895 276. Hantavirus Nephropathy - p. 897 277. SECTION 6: DEVELOPMENTAL DISEASES - p. 899 278. Overview of Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Tract - p. 899 279. Dysplasia/Hypoplasia/Agenesis - p. 905 280. Oligomeganephronia - p. 911 281. Ectopia, Malrotation, Duplication, Fusion, Supernumerary Kidney - p. 913 282. Ask-Upmark Kidney - p. 917 283. Renal Tubular Dysgenesis - p. 919 284. SECTION 7: CYSTIC DISEASES - p. 923 285. Overview of Cystic Diseases - p. 923 286. CILIOPATHIES - p. 931 287. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease - p. 931 288. Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease - p. 937 289. Nephronophthisis and Related Ciliopathies - p. 943 290. OTHER GENETIC CYSTIC DISEASES - p. 949 291. von Hippel-Lindau Disease - p. 949 292. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex - p. 955 293. Zellweger Syndrome - p. 961 294. MISCELLANEOUS CYSTIC DISEASES - p. 963 295. Medullary Sponge Kidney - p. 963 296. Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor Family - p. 965 297. Pediatric Cystic Nephroma - p. 971 298. Acquired Cystic Disease - p. 975 299. Simple and Miscellaneous Cysts - p. 979 300. Renal Lymphangioma/Lymphangiectasia - p. 981 301. SECTION 8: COLLECTING SYSTEM DISEASES - p. 985 302. Introduction to Impediments to Urine Flow - p. 985 303. Reflux Nephropathy - p. 991 304. Obstructive Uropathy - p. 995 305. Nephrolithiasis - p. 999 306. Loin Pain Hematuria Syndrome - p. 1005 307. SECTION 9: RENAL ALLOGRAFT DISEASES - p. 1007 308. Pathologic Classification of Renal Allograft Diseases - p. 1007 309. INTRODUCTION - p. 1011 310. Evaluation of Allograft Kidneys - p. 1011 311. Evaluation of Donor Kidneys - p. 1017 312. REJECTION - p. 1023 313. Acute T-Cell-Mediated Rejection - p. 1023 314. Chronic T-Cell-Mediated Rejection - p. 1033 315. Hyperacute Rejection - p. 1037 316. Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection - p. 1041 317. Chronic Antibody-Mediated Rejection - p. 1049 318. Transcript Analysis of Renal Transplant Biopsies - p. 1061 319. RECURRENT AND DE NOVO DISEASES - p. 1065 320. Diseases That Recur in Allografts - p. 1065 321. De Novo Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis - p. 1071 322. De Novo Membranous Nephropathy - p. 1073 323. Anti-GBM Disease in Alport Syndrome - p. 1077 324. Chimerism Transition Syndrome - p. 1079 325. Late Posttransplant Histology - p. 1081 326. OTHER ALLOGRAFT DISEASES - p. 1083 327. Acute Allograft Ischemia - p. 1083 328. Size Mismatch Allograft Injury - p. 1087 329. Lymphocele - p. 1089 330. Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis - p. 1090 331. Transplant Renal Artery or Vein Thrombosis - p. 1091 332. Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Diseases - p. 1093 333. BK Polyomavirus Neoplasia - p. 1103 334. Protocol Biopsies - p. 1105 335. Tolerance - p. 1109 336. Kidney Xenografts - p. 1113 337. KIDNEY PATHOLOGY IN RECIPIENTS OF OTHER TRANSPLANTS - p. 1117 338. Kidney Diseases in Nonrenal Transplant Recipients - p. 1117 339. Graft-vs.-Host Glomerulopathies - p. 1121 340. SECTION 10: KIDNEY EXAMINATION - p. 1123 341. Examination of End-Stage Kidneys - p. 1123 342. Examination of Tumor Nephrectomy Specimens for Nonneoplastic Diseases - p. 1131 343. Evaluation of Transplant Nephrectomies - p. 1135 344. Evaluation of Autopsy Kidneys - p. 1139 345. SECTION 11: TECHNIQUES - p. 1143 346. Basic Concepts for Computational Image Analysis - p. 1143 347. Artificial Intelligence and Digital Pathology Analysis of Kidneys - p. 1149 348. Evaluation of Fibrosis - p. 1153 349. Immunofluorescence on Paraffin Tissue Sections - p. 1157 350. EM Processing From Paraffin Tissue - p. 1161 351. Detection of Autoantigens in Membranous Nephropathy - p. 1163 352. Alport Collagen IV Immunofluorescence - p. 1167 353. C4d Immunohistochemistry/Immunofluorescence - p. 1169 354. Polyomavirus Detection in Tissue - p. 1173 355. Mass Spectrometry - p. 1175 356. Diagnostic Genetics of Kidney Diseases - p. 1177 357. INDEX - p. 1181
