Widely considered the premier text in pediatric infectious diseases, Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 9th Edition, provides authoritative, up-to-date coverage of this rapidly changing field. Extensively revised by Drs. James Cherry, Sheldon L. Kaplan, Gail J. Demmler-Harrison, William J. Steinbach, Peter J. Hotez, and new editor John V. Williams, this two-volume reference delivers the information you need on epidemiology, public health, preventive medicine, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and much more. It serves as a reliable, everyday resource for practicing ID specialists, and an invaluable reference for medical students, residents, and fellows in ID, pediatricians and internists, and others who work with neonates, children, and adolescents or in public health.
1. INTRODUCTION - p. 706 2. Timing of Infection After Transplant - p. 707 3. PRETRANSPLANT EVALUATION - p. 707 4. SELECTED PATHOGENS - p. 708 5. REFERENCES - p. 717 6. 74. Opportunistic Infections in Liver and Intestinal Transplantation - p. 720 7. 75. Infections in Renal Transplantation - p. 732 8. 76. Infections Related to Prosthetic or Artificial Devices - p. 744 9. INTERACTION OF THE HOST WITH A PROSTHETIC DEVICE - p. 744 10. INTERACTION OF MICROORGANISMS WITH A PROSTHETIC DEVICE - p. 744 11. TISSUE EXPANDERS - p. 745 12. COCHLEAR IMPLANTS - p. 745 13. OCULAR PROSTHESES - p. 746 14. LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES - p. 747 15. EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION CIRCUITS - p. 748 16. PERMANENT CARDIAC PACEMAKER AND IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR INFECTIONS - p. 749 17. PROSTHETIC JOINT AND ORTHOPEDIC IMPLANT INFECTIONS - p. 751 18. CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SHUNTS - p. 754 19. INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE MONITORS - p. 759 20. INTRATHECAL PUMP INFUSION DEVICES - p. 761 21. REFERENCES - p. 761 22. 77. Infections in Burn Patients - p. 762 23. Section 15. Unclassified Infectious Diseases - p. 776.e3 24. 78. Kawasaki Disease - p. 777 25. HISTORY - p. 777 26. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 778 27. ETIOLOGY - p. 780 28. Genetic Susceptibility - p. 780 29. PATHOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS - p. 780 30. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 782 31. INCOMPLETE KAWASAKI DISEASE - p. 783 32. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 784 33. LABORATORY FINDINGS - p. 785 34. MANAGEMENT - p. 786 35. COMPLICATIONS - p. 788 36. LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP AND PROGNOSIS - p. 789 37. REFERENCES - p. 791 38. 79. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease) - p. 792 39. Part III. Infections With Specific Microorganisms - p. 796.e2 40. Bacterial Infections - p. 796.e2 41. 80. Staphylococcus aureus Infections (Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci) - p. 798 42. REFERENCES - p. 810 43. 81. Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Infections - p. 812 44. 82. Group A, Group C, and Group G β-Hemolytic Streptococcal Infections - p. 819 45. 83. Group B Streptococcal Infections - p. 830 46. REFERENCES - p. 842.e1 47. 84. Enterococcal and Viridans Streptococcal Infections - p. 843 48. REFERENCES - p. 865.e1 49. 85. Pneumococcal Infections - p. 866 50. REFERENCES - p. 904 51. 86. Miscellaneous Gram-Positive Cocci - p. 905 52. 87. Moraxella catarrhalis - p. 908.e2 53. 88. Meningococcal Disease - p. 914 54. 89. Gonococcal Infections - p. 929.e5 55. REFERENCES - p. 945.e1 56. 90. Diphtheria - p. 946 57. 91. Anthrax - p. 956 58. 92. Bacillus cereus and Other Bacillus Species - p. 960 59. 93. Arcanobacterium haemolyticum - p. 964.e3 60. 94. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae - p. 969 61. 95. Listeriosis - p. 970 62. 96. Tuberculosis - p. 975.e3 63. REFERENCES - p. 1007 64. 97. Other Mycobacteria - p. 1009 65. 98. Leprosy and Buruli Ulcer: The Major Cutaneous Mycobacterioses - p. 1017 66. REFERENCES - p. 1035 67. 99. Nocardia - p. 1037 68. 100. Corynebacterium and Rhodococcus - p. 1041 69. 101. Citrobacter - p. 1045 70. 102. Enterobacter - p. 1049.e3 71. 103. Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli - p. 1054 72. 104. Diarrhea-Causing and Dysentery-Causing Escherichia coli - p. 1060.e3 73. 105. Klebsiella - p. 1073 74. 106. Morganella morganii - p. 1079 75. 107. Proteus - p. 1080.e3 76. 108. Providencia - p. 1083.e2 77. 109. Shigella - p. 1085 78. 110. Serratia - p. 1098 79. 111. Salmonella - p. 1101 80. REFERENCES - p. 1115 81. 112. Plague (Yersinia pestis) - p. 1117.e9 82. 113. Other Yersinia Species - p. 1122 83. 114. Miscellaneous Enterobacteriaceae - p. 1134.e4 84. 115. Aeromonas - p. 1138.e3 85. 116. Pasteurella multocida - p. 1144 86. 117. Cholera - p. 1147 87. 118. Vibrio parahaemolyticus - p. 1153.e3 88. 119. Vibrio vulnificus - p. 1157 89. 120. Miscellaneous Non-Enterobacteriaceae Fermentative Bacilli - p. 1160 90. 121. Acinetobacter - p. 1165.e3 91. 122. Achromobacter (Alcaligenes) - p. 1170 92. 123. Eikenella corrodens - p. 1173 93. 124. Elizabethkingia and Chryseobacterium Species - p. 1175 94. 125. Pseudomonas and Related Genera - p. 1178 95. REFERENCES - p. 1197 96. 126. Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia - p. 1198 97. 127. Aggregatibacter Species - p. 1200.e4 98. 128. Brucellosis - p. 1202 99. 129. Pertussis and Other Bordetella Infections - p. 1206 100. REFERENCES - p. 1224.e1 101. 130. Donovanosis (Granuloma inguinale) - p. 1225 102. 131. Campylobacter Species - p. 1228 103. REFERENCES - p. 1236 104. 132. Tularemia - p. 1243.e11 105. 133. Haemophilus influenzae - p. 1250 106. REFERENCES - p. 1266 107. 134. Other Haemophilus Species (ducreyi, haemolyticus, influenzae biogroup aegyptius, and parainfluenzae) - p. 1268 108. 135. Helicobacter pylori - p. 1273.e3 109. 136. Kingella kingae - p. 1279.e3 110. 137. Legionnaires's Disease, Pontiac Fever, and Related Illnesses - p. 1285 111. 138. Q Fever - p. 1294 112. 139. Streptobacillus moniliformis (Rat-Bite Fever) - p. 1297 113. 140. Bartonella Infections - p. 1302.e3 114. 141. Lyme Disease - p. 1309 115. 142. Relapsing Fever - p. 1316 116. 143. Leptospirosis - p. 1320 117. 144. Spirillum minus (Rat-Bite Fever) - p. 1332 118. 145. Syphilis - p. 1333 119. 146. Nonvenereal Treponematoses - p. 1350.e3 120. 147. Clostridial Intoxication and Infection - p. 1357.e2 121. 148. Infant Botulism - p. 1365 122. 149. Tetanus - p. 1371 123. 150. Actinomycosis - p. 1379.e3 124. 151. Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, and Porphyromonas - p. 1383 125. VOLUME TWO - p. 1392.e2 126. Viral Infections - p. 1392.e2 127. Subsection I. DNA—Parvoviridae - p. 1392.e2 128. 152. Human Parvovirus B19 - p. 1393 129. HISTORY - p. 1393 130. PROPERTIES OF THE VIRUS - p. 1394 131. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1394 132. PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY - p. 1395 133. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1396 134. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 1402 135. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1402 136. TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS - p. 1402 137. PREVENTION - p. 1403 138. REFERENCES - p. 1404 139. 153. Human Bocaviruses - p. 1404.e10 140. Subsection II. DNA—Polyomaviridae - p. 1408.e3 141. 154. Human Polyomaviruses - p. 1408.e4 142. 155. Human Papillomaviruses - p. 1414 143. HISTORY - p. 1414 144. VIROLOGY - p. 1414 145. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1416 146. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1416 147. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS - p. 1422 148. TREATMENT - p. 1423 149. PREVENTION - p. 1424 150. FUTURE DIRECTIONS - p. 1427 151. REFERENCES - p. 1428 152. Subsection III. DNA—Adenoviridae - p. 1429.e7 153. 156. Adenoviruses - p. 1429 154. HISTORY - p. 1429 155. PROPERTIES OF THE VIRUS - p. 1430 156. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1432 157. PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY - p. 1433 158. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1435 159. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1445 160. TREATMENT - p. 1446 161. PREVENTION - p. 1448 162. PROGNOSIS - p. 1448 163. REFERENCES - p. 1449 164. Subsection IV. DNA—Hepatoviridae - p. 1449.e13 165. 157. Hepatitis B and D Viruses - p. 1450 166. Subsection V. DNA—Herpesviridae - p. 1467.e4 167. 158. Herpes Simplex Viruses 1 and 2 - p. 1467 168. THE VIRUSES - p. 1467 169. TRANSMISSION - p. 1468 170. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1470 171. PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY - p. 1471 172. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1473 173. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1486 174. PROGNOSIS, COMPLICATIONS, AND SEQUELAE - p. 1489 175. POSTINFECTIOUS ENCEPHALITIS - p. 1489 176. TREATMENT - p. 1489 177. Acknowledgments - p. 1497 178. REFERENCES - p. 1497.e1 179. 159. Cytomegalovirus - p. 1498 180. HISTORY - p. 1498 181. VIROLOGY - p. 1498 182. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1499 183. PATHOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, AND IMMUNITY - p. 1502 184. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1503 185. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS - p. 1510 186. TREATMENT - p. 1513 187. PREVENTION - p. 1515 188. REFERENCES - p. 1519 189. 160. Epstein-Barr Virus - p. 1520 190. HISTORY - p. 1520 191. VIROLOGY - p. 1520 192. IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS - p. 1522 193. HISTOPATHOLOGY - p. 1524 194. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1524 195. TRANSMISSION - p. 1525 196. NONMALIGNANT CLINICAL SYNDROMES ASSOCIATED WITH EBV INFECTION - p. 1526 197. COMPLICATIONS OF INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS - p. 1528 198. MALIGNANT DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS - p. 1531 199. DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS - p. 1533 200. TREATMENT - p. 1536 201. PROGNOSIS - p. 1538 202. PREVENTION - p. 1538 203. REFERENCES - p. 1540 204. 161. Human Herpesviruses 6A, 6B, 7, and 8 - p. 1541 205. 162. Varicella Zoster Virus - p. 1546 206. Subsection VI. DNA—Poxviridae - p. 1554.e5 207. 163. Smallpox (Variola Virus) - p. 1555 208. 164. Monkeypox and Other Poxviruses - p. 1560 209. 165. Mimiviruses - p. 1569 210. Subsection I. RNA—Picornaviridae - p. 1571.e1 211. 166. Enteroviruses, Parechoviruses, and Saffold Viruses - p. 1572 212. HISTORY - p. 1572 213. THE VIRUSES - p. 1572 214. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1577 215. PATHOGENESIS - p. 1579 216. PATHOLOGY - p. 1580 217. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: NONPOLIO ENTEROVIRUSES, PARECHOVIRUSES, AND SAFFOLD VIRUSES - p. 1582 218. NEONATAL INFECTIONS - p. 1606 219. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: POLIOVIRUS - p. 1610 220. DIAGNOSIS AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 1613 221. TREATMENT - p. 1614 222. PREVENTION - p. 1616 223. Acknowledgments - p. 1617 224. REFERENCES - p. 1620 225. 167. Rhinoviruses - p. 1621 226. 168. Hepatitis A Virus - p. 1635 227. Subsection II. RNA—Caliciviridae - p. 1643.e5 228. 169. Caliciviruses - p. 1643 229. 170. Hepatitis E Virus - p. 1650 230. Subsection III. RNA—Reoviridae - p. 1656.e4 231. 171. Reoviruses - p. 1657 232. 172. Orbiviruses, Coltiviruses, and Seadornaviruses: Colorado Tick Fever, Banna Virus, and Others - p. 1660.e2 233. 173. Rotavirus - p. 1665 234. Subsection IV. RNA—Togaviridae - p. 1675.e5 235. 174. Rubella Virus - p. 1676 236. HISTORY - p. 1676 237. PROPERTIES - p. 1676 238. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1677 239. PATHOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS - p. 1682 240. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1685 241. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1692 242. TREATMENT - p. 1693 243. PREVENTION - p. 1694 244. REFERENCES - p. 1696 245. 175. Eastern Equine Encephalitis - p. 1697 246. 176. Western Equine Encephalitis - p. 1701.e2 247. 177. Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis - p. 1707 248. 178. Chikungunya - p. 1711.e2 249. 179. Ross River Virus Arthritis - p. 1718.e3 250. 180. Other Alphaviral Infections - p. 1721 251. Subsection V. Flaviviridae - p. 1723 252. 181. St. Louis Encephalitis - p. 1724 253. 182. West Nile Virus - p. 1729.e2 254. 183. Yellow Fever - p. 1738.e4 255. 184. Dengue, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, and Severe Dengue - p. 1743 256. 185. Japanese Encephalitis - p. 1754 257. 186. Murray Valley Encephalitis - p. 1760.e3 258. 187. Tick-Borne Encephalitis - p. 1762 259. 188. Zika Virus Infections - p. 1769 260. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1769 261. VIROLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS - p. 1775 262. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND COMPLICATIONS - p. 1778 263. ZIKV DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT, THERAPEUTICS, AND PREVENTION - p. 1790 264. EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH ZIKV - p. 1795 265. ZIKV PREVENTION: VECTOR CONTROL, VACCINES, AND OTHER CHALLENGES - p. 1796 266. CONCLUSION - p. 1799 267. REFERENCES - p. 1800 268. 189. Other Less Commonly Recognized Flaviviruses - p. 1802.e10 269. 190. Hepatitis C Virus - p. 1806 270. Subsection VI. Orthomyxoviridae - p. 1810.e2 271. 191. Influenza Viruses - p. 1811 272. HISTORY - p. 1811 273. BIOLOGY - p. 1811 274. ECOLOGY - p. 1814 275. SURVEILLANCE - p. 1815 276. EVOLUTION AND ADAPTATION - p. 1815 277. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1816 278. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1819 279. PATHOLOGY - p. 1820 280. PATHOGENESIS - p. 1820 281. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1822 282. MANAGEMENT - p. 1823 283. INFECTION CONTROL - p. 1825 284. VACCINES - p. 1825 285. EFFICACY AND EFFECTIVENESS - p. 1826 286. PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS - p. 1826 287. REFERENCES - p. 1828 288. Subsection VII. Paramyxoviridae - p. 1828.e8 289. 192. Parainfluenza Viruses - p. 1828.e9 290. 193. Measles Virus - p. 1837 291. HISTORY - p. 1837 292. PROPERTIES - p. 1837 293. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1839 294. PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY - p. 1841 295. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1843 296. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 1851 297. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1851 298. TREATMENT - p. 1851 299. PREVENTION - p. 1852 300. REFERENCES - p. 1854.e1 301. 194. Mumps Virus - p. 1855 302. 195. Respiratory Syncytial Virus - p. 1865 303. HISTORY - p. 1865 304. STRUCTURAL AND ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES - p. 1865 305. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1866 306. PATHOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS - p. 1869 307. IMMUNITY AND DISEASE PATHOGENESIS - p. 1870 308. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1872 309. PROGNOSIS - p. 1874 310. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1876 311. TREATMENT - p. 1877 312. PREVENTION - p. 1878 313. Acknowledgment - p. 1881 314. REFERENCES - p. 1882 315. 196. Human Metapneumovirus - p. 1882.e7 316. Subsection VIII. Rhabdoviridae - p. 1889.e6 317. 197. Rabies Virus - p. 1889.e7 318. HISTORY - p. 1889.e7 319. ETIOLOGY - p. 1890 320. TRANSMISSION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1892 321. COVID-19 AND RABIES - p. 1893 322. PATHOBIOLOGY - p. 1894 323. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1894 324. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1897 325. PROPHYLAXIS - p. 1897 326. PREEXPOSURE IMMUNIZATION - p. 1902 327. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS - p. 1904 328. Acknowledgments - p. 1904 329. REFERENCES - p. 1904 330. Subsection IX. Arenaviridae and Filoviridae - p. 1905.e5 331. 198. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus - p. 1905 332. 199. Arenaviral Hemorrhagic Fevers - p. 1908 333. 200. Filoviral Hemorrhagic Fever: Marburg and Ebola Virus Fevers - p. 1917 334. Subsection X. Coronaviridae and Torovirdae - p. 1933.e4 335. 201. Human Coronaviruses - p. 1934 336. Subsection XI. Bunyaviridae - p. 1946.e5 337. 202. Hantaviruses - p. 1947 338. 203. La Crosse Virus and Other California Serogroup Viruses - p. 1960 339. 204. Rift Valley Fever - p. 1971 340. 205. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever - p. 1974 341. 206. Phlebotomus Fever (Sandfly Fever) - p. 1977.e3 342. 207. Oropouche Fever - p. 1980 343. 208. Toscana Virus - p. 1985 344. Subsection XII. Retroviridae - p. 1988.e2 345. 209. Oncoviruses (Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses) and Lentiviruses (Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2) - p. 1989 346. CLASSIFICATION - p. 1989 347. ONCOVIRUSES: HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPES - p. 1995 348. LENTIVIRUSES: HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 2 - p. 2011 349. REFERENCES - p. 2016 350. 210. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - p. 2017 351. Epidemiology of Pediatric HIV Infection - p. 2017 352. Staging of Pediatric HIV Infection - p. 2018 353. Transmission And Prevention - p. 2018 354. Etiology - p. 2021 355. Pathogenesis - p. 2021 356. Clinical Manifestations - p. 2022 357. Complications - p. 2028 358. Diagnosis of HIV Infection In Infants And Children - p. 2032 359. Immunologic And Clinical Monitoring of Children Living With HIV - p. 2032 360. Treatment - p. 2033 361. CAPSID INHIBITORS - p. 2034 362. REFERENCES - p. 2039 363. Subsection XIII. Prion-Related Diseases - p. 2039.e6 364. 211. Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease, Kuru, Fatal Familial Insomnia, New Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Sporadic Fatal Insomnia, Variably Protease Sensitive Prionopathy) - p. 2040 365. Section 18. Chlamydia - p. 2054.e5 366. 212. Chlamydia Infections - p. 2055 367. Section 19. Rickettsial Diseases - p. 2064.e3 368. 213. Rickettsial and Ehrlichial Diseases - p. 2065 369. Section 20. Mycoplasma - p. 2080.e3 370. 214. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma Infections - p. 2081 371. HISTORY - p. 2081 372. CLASSIFICATION - p. 2081 373. MYCOPLASMOIDES PNEUMONIAE - p. 2082 374. UREAPLASMA - p. 2098 375. METAMYCOPLASMA HOMINIS - p. 2102 376. MYCOPLASMOIDES GENITALIUM - p. 2103 377. MYCOPLASMOPSIS FERMENTANS - p. 2103 378. MALACOPLASMA PENETRANS - p. 2104 379. DIAGNOSIS OF GENITAL MYCOPLASMAS - p. 2104 380. OTHER MYCOPLASMA SPECIES AND MYCOPLASMA RELATIONSHIPS - p. 2104 381. TREATMENT OF GENITAL MYCOPLASMAS - p. 2105 382. PREVENTION OF GENITAL MYCOPLASMAS - p. 2106 383. REFERENCES - p. 2107 384. Section 21. Fungal Diseases - p. 2110.e26 385. 215. Aspergillosis - p. 2111 386. 216. Blastomycosis - p. 2125 387. 217. Candidiasis - p. 2136 388. ORGANISM - p. 2137 389. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 2137 390. RISK FACTORS - p. 2138 391. PATHOGENESIS - p. 2138 392. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 2140 393. DIAGNOSIS - p. 2143 394. ANTIFUNGAL PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT - p. 2144 395. NEONATAL CANDIDIASIS - p. 2148 396. REFERENCES - p. 2155 397. 218. Coccidioidomycosis - p. 2157 398. 219. Paracoccidioidomycosis - p. 2167 399. THE ORGANISM - p. 2167 400. TRANSMISSION - p. 2168 401. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 2168 402. PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY - p. 2170 403. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 2172 404. DIAGNOSIS - p. 2174 405. TREATMENT - p. 2176 406. PROGNOSIS - p. 2177 407. Acknowledgments - p. 2178 408. REFERENCES - p. 2178 409. 220. Cryptococcosis - p. 2180 410. 221. Histoplasmosis - p. 2189 411. ORGANISM - p. 2189 412. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 2189 413. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 2190 414. PATHOLOGY - p. 2191 415. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 2192 416. RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS - p. 2197 417. DIAGNOSIS - p. 2198 418. TREATMENT - p. 2201 419. PROGNOSIS - p. 2204 420. PREVENTION - p. 2204 421. REFERENCES - p. 2205 422. 222. Sporotrichosis - p. 2206 423. 223. Mucormycosis and Entomophthoramycosis - p. 2209.e3 424. 224. Fusariosis and Scedosporiosis - p. 2219 425. 225. Miscellaneous Mycoses - p. 2223 426. Parasitic Diseases - p. 2228.e2 427. Subsection I. Protozoa - p. 2228.e2 428. 226. Amebiasis - p. 2229 429. 227. Blastocystis hominis and Blastocystis spp. Infection - p. 2235 430. 228. Entamoeba coli Infection - p. 2237 431. 229. Giardiasis - p. 2238 432. 230. Dientamoeba fragilis Infections - p. 2242 433. 231. Trichomonas Infections - p. 2244.e3 434. 232. Balantidium coli Infection - p. 2249 435. 233. Cryptosporidiosis - p. 2250.e2 436. 234. Cyclosporiasis, Cystoisosporiasis, and Microsporidiosis - p. 2256 437. 235. Babesiosis - p. 2262.e5 438. 236. Malaria - p. 2268.e3 439. 237. Leishmaniasis - p. 2291.e4 440. 238. Trypanosomiasis - p. 2301 441. 239. Naegleria, Acanthamoeba, and Balamuthia Infections - p. 2315 442. 240. Toxoplasmosis - p. 2324.e3 443. 241. Pneumocystis Pneumonia - p. 2341 444. Subsection II. Nematodes - p. 2346.e3 445. 242. Parasitic Nematode Infections - p. 2347 446. Subsection III. Cestodes - p. 2360.e5 447. 243. Cestodes - p. 2361 448. Overview of Cestodes and their Importance for Children - p. 2361 449. Taenia Saginata (Beef Tapeworm) Infection - p. 2361 450. Taenia Asiatica (Asian Pork Tapeworm) - p. 2362 451. Taenia Solium - p. 2363 452. Coenurosis (Taenia Multiceps, Others) and Cysticercosis Caused by Taenia Crassiceps - p. 2368 453. Dibothriocephalus Spp. and Adenocephalus Spp. (Fish Tapeworm) - p. 2368 454. Dipylidium Caninum (Dog Tapeworm) - p. 2369 455. Hymenolepis Nana (Dwarf Tapeworm) - p. 2370 456. Hymenolepis Diminuta (Rat Tapeworm) - p. 2371 457. Sparganosis (Intermediate-Stage Spirometra Species Infection) - p. 2371 458. Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato and Related Species (Cystic Hydatid Disease) - p. 2371 459. Other Echinococcus Species - p. 2374 460. REFERENCES - p. 2375.e1 461. Subsection IV. Trematodes - p. 2375.e7 462. 244. Foodborne Trematodes - p. 2376 463. 245. Schistosomiasis - p. 2386 464. Subsection V. Arthropods - p. 2394 465. 246. Arthropods - p. 2395 466. Section 23. Global Health - p. 2402.e2 467. 247. Global Health - p. 2403 468. 248. International Travel Considerations for Children - p. 2412 469. PEDIATRIC TRAVELERS VISITING FRIENDS AND RELATIVES - p. 2413 470. PRETRAVEL CONSULTATIONS FOR CHILDREN - p. 2413 471. PEDIATRIC TRAVELERS AND HEALTH RISKS ABROAD - p. 2413 472. GENERAL APPROACH TO PRETRAVEL ASSESSMENT FOR CHILDREN - p. 2413 473. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR MEDICAL HISTORY - p. 2413 474. THE TRAVEL ITINERARY - p. 2414 475. VACCINATION FOR INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL - p. 2414 476. PREVENTION OF TRAVELERS’ DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN - p. 2426 477. PREVENTION OF OTHER INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN PEDIATRIC TRAVELERS - p. 2427 478. EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE DURING TRAVEL - p. 2428 479. RESOURCES FOR PEDIATRIC TRAVELERS - p. 2429 480. Acknowledgments - p. 2429 481. REFERENCES - p. 2432.e1 482. 249. Infectious Disease Considerations in International Adoptees and Refugees - p. 2432 483. Part IV. Therapeutics - p. 2442.e2 484. 250. Antibiotic Resistance - p. 2444 485. Resistance Genetics - p. 2444 486. Resistance to Specific Antibiotics - p. 2445 487. The Intersection of Covid-19 and Antimicrobial Resistance - p. 2462 488. REFERENCES - p. 2462 489. 251. The Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Interface: Determinants of Antiinfective Drug Action and Efficacy in Pediatrics - p. 2464.e12 490. 252. Antibacterial Therapeutic Agents - p. 2481 491. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY - p. 2481 492. AGENTS THAT TARGET THE CELL WALL - p. 2481 493. AGENTS THAT TARGET PROTEIN SYNTHESIS - p. 2496 494. AGENTS THAT TARGET NUCLEIC ACIDS - p. 2507 495. SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS - p. 2510 496. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS - p. 2515 497. REFERENCES - p. 2516 498. 253. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis - p. 2518 499. 254. Outpatient Intravenous Antimicrobial Therapy for Serious Infections - p. 2528.e3 500. 255. Antiviral Agents - p. 2534 501. Antiviral Agents Active Against RNA Viruses - p. 2535 502. Antiviral Agents Active Against DNA Viruses - p. 2545 503. REFERENCES - p. 2555 504. 256. Antifungal Agents - p. 2556 505. AGENTS FOR TREATMENT OF INVASIVE MYCOSES - p. 2556 506. Agents for Systemic Treatment of Mycoses of the Skin and Its Appendages - p. 2582 507. TOPICAL ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS - p. 2584 508. FUTURE DIRECTIONS - p. 2585 509. REFERENCES - p. 2585 510. 257. Drugs for Parasitic Infections - p. 2588.e18 511. 258. Immunomodulating Agents - p. 2589 512. MICROBIOME - p. 2589 513. VACCINATIONS AND VACCINES - p. 2589 514. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES - p. 2590 515. CYTOKINES - p. 2593 516. INTERFERONS - p. 2597 517. TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS - p. 2598 518. NEUTROPHILS AND COMPLEMENT - p. 2599 519. BACTERICIDAL/PERMEABILITY-INCREASING FACTOR, DEFENSINS, AND NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS (NETs) - p. 2599 520. PLATELET-ACTIVATING FACTOR - p. 2600 521. NITRIC OXIDE - p. 2600 522. NANOTECHONOLOGY AND OTHER NOVEL TECHNIQUES - p. 2601 523. CONCLUSION - p. 2601 524. REFERENCES - p. 2602 525. 259. Probiotics - p. 2603.e8 526. Part V. Prevention of Infectious Diseases - p. 2608.e3 527. 260. Health Care–Associated Infections - p. 2610 528. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND - p. 2610 529. SPREAD OF COMMUNICABLE INFECTIONS IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES - p. 2611 530. HEALTH CARE–ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS DUE TO INVASIVE DEVICES AND PROCEDURES - p. 2616 531. HEALTH CARE–ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS CAUSED BY SPECIAL PATHOGENS - p. 2623 532. HEALTH CARE–ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS - p. 2627 533. HEALTH CARE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROGRAMS IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES - p. 2631 534. REFERENCES - p. 2635 535. 261. Antimicrobial Stewardship - p. 2639 536. 262. Active Immunizing Agents - p. 2644 537. ACTIVE IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS: CONSIDERATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS - p. 2644 538. VACCINES RECOMMENDED FOR ROUTINE ADMINISTRATION - p. 2651 539. VACCINES WITH SELECTIVE INDICATIONS FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS - p. 2688 540. REFERENCES - p. 2706 541. 263. Passive Immunization - p. 2707 542. PRINCIPLES OF PASSIVE IMMUNITY - p. 2707 543. PASSIVE IMMUNITY IN BACTERIAL DISEASES - p. 2715 544. PASSIVE IMMUNITY IN VIRAL INFECTIONS - p. 2722 545. SARS-CoV-2 - p. 2735 546. Acknowledgments - p. 2737 547. REFERENCES - p. 2738 548. Section 24. Other Preventive Considerations - p. 2738.e14 549. 264. Public Health Aspects of Infectious Disease Control - p. 2738.e15 550. 265. Infections in Out-of-Home Childcare - p. 2744 551. 266. Animal and Human Bites - p. 2761 552. 267. Bioterrorism - p. 2767 553. Part VI. Approach to the Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases - p. 2773.e2 554. 268. Bacterial Laboratory Diagnosis - p. 2776 555. 269. Fungal Diagnostics for Pediatric Patients - p. 2787 556. 270. Viral Laboratory Diagnosis - p. 2790 557. 271. Parasitic Laboratory Diagnosis - p. 2805.e2 558. Index - p. 1-1
Widely considered the premier text in pediatric infectious diseases, Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 9th Edition, provides authoritative, up-to-date coverage of this rapidly changing field. Extensively revised by Drs. James Cherry, Sheldon L. Kaplan, Gail J. Demmler-Harrison, William J. Steinbach, Peter J. Hotez, and new editor John V. Williams, this two-volume reference delivers the information you need on epidemiology, public health, preventive medicine, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and much more. It serves as a reliable, everyday resource for practicing ID specialists, and an invaluable reference for medical students, residents, and fellows in ID, pediatricians and internists, and others who work with neonates, children, and adolescents or in public health.
1. INTRODUCTION - p. 706 2. Timing of Infection After Transplant - p. 707 3. PRETRANSPLANT EVALUATION - p. 707 4. SELECTED PATHOGENS - p. 708 5. REFERENCES - p. 717 6. 74. Opportunistic Infections in Liver and Intestinal Transplantation - p. 720 7. 75. Infections in Renal Transplantation - p. 732 8. 76. Infections Related to Prosthetic or Artificial Devices - p. 744 9. INTERACTION OF THE HOST WITH A PROSTHETIC DEVICE - p. 744 10. INTERACTION OF MICROORGANISMS WITH A PROSTHETIC DEVICE - p. 744 11. TISSUE EXPANDERS - p. 745 12. COCHLEAR IMPLANTS - p. 745 13. OCULAR PROSTHESES - p. 746 14. LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES - p. 747 15. EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION CIRCUITS - p. 748 16. PERMANENT CARDIAC PACEMAKER AND IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR INFECTIONS - p. 749 17. PROSTHETIC JOINT AND ORTHOPEDIC IMPLANT INFECTIONS - p. 751 18. CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SHUNTS - p. 754 19. INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE MONITORS - p. 759 20. INTRATHECAL PUMP INFUSION DEVICES - p. 761 21. REFERENCES - p. 761 22. 77. Infections in Burn Patients - p. 762 23. Section 15. Unclassified Infectious Diseases - p. 776.e3 24. 78. Kawasaki Disease - p. 777 25. HISTORY - p. 777 26. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 778 27. ETIOLOGY - p. 780 28. Genetic Susceptibility - p. 780 29. PATHOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS - p. 780 30. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 782 31. INCOMPLETE KAWASAKI DISEASE - p. 783 32. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 784 33. LABORATORY FINDINGS - p. 785 34. MANAGEMENT - p. 786 35. COMPLICATIONS - p. 788 36. LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP AND PROGNOSIS - p. 789 37. REFERENCES - p. 791 38. 79. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease) - p. 792 39. Part III. Infections With Specific Microorganisms - p. 796.e2 40. Bacterial Infections - p. 796.e2 41. 80. Staphylococcus aureus Infections (Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci) - p. 798 42. REFERENCES - p. 810 43. 81. Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Infections - p. 812 44. 82. Group A, Group C, and Group G β-Hemolytic Streptococcal Infections - p. 819 45. 83. Group B Streptococcal Infections - p. 830 46. REFERENCES - p. 842.e1 47. 84. Enterococcal and Viridans Streptococcal Infections - p. 843 48. REFERENCES - p. 865.e1 49. 85. Pneumococcal Infections - p. 866 50. REFERENCES - p. 904 51. 86. Miscellaneous Gram-Positive Cocci - p. 905 52. 87. Moraxella catarrhalis - p. 908.e2 53. 88. Meningococcal Disease - p. 914 54. 89. Gonococcal Infections - p. 929.e5 55. REFERENCES - p. 945.e1 56. 90. Diphtheria - p. 946 57. 91. Anthrax - p. 956 58. 92. Bacillus cereus and Other Bacillus Species - p. 960 59. 93. Arcanobacterium haemolyticum - p. 964.e3 60. 94. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae - p. 969 61. 95. Listeriosis - p. 970 62. 96. Tuberculosis - p. 975.e3 63. REFERENCES - p. 1007 64. 97. Other Mycobacteria - p. 1009 65. 98. Leprosy and Buruli Ulcer: The Major Cutaneous Mycobacterioses - p. 1017 66. REFERENCES - p. 1035 67. 99. Nocardia - p. 1037 68. 100. Corynebacterium and Rhodococcus - p. 1041 69. 101. Citrobacter - p. 1045 70. 102. Enterobacter - p. 1049.e3 71. 103. Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli - p. 1054 72. 104. Diarrhea-Causing and Dysentery-Causing Escherichia coli - p. 1060.e3 73. 105. Klebsiella - p. 1073 74. 106. Morganella morganii - p. 1079 75. 107. Proteus - p. 1080.e3 76. 108. Providencia - p. 1083.e2 77. 109. Shigella - p. 1085 78. 110. Serratia - p. 1098 79. 111. Salmonella - p. 1101 80. REFERENCES - p. 1115 81. 112. Plague (Yersinia pestis) - p. 1117.e9 82. 113. Other Yersinia Species - p. 1122 83. 114. Miscellaneous Enterobacteriaceae - p. 1134.e4 84. 115. Aeromonas - p. 1138.e3 85. 116. Pasteurella multocida - p. 1144 86. 117. Cholera - p. 1147 87. 118. Vibrio parahaemolyticus - p. 1153.e3 88. 119. Vibrio vulnificus - p. 1157 89. 120. Miscellaneous Non-Enterobacteriaceae Fermentative Bacilli - p. 1160 90. 121. Acinetobacter - p. 1165.e3 91. 122. Achromobacter (Alcaligenes) - p. 1170 92. 123. Eikenella corrodens - p. 1173 93. 124. Elizabethkingia and Chryseobacterium Species - p. 1175 94. 125. Pseudomonas and Related Genera - p. 1178 95. REFERENCES - p. 1197 96. 126. Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia - p. 1198 97. 127. Aggregatibacter Species - p. 1200.e4 98. 128. Brucellosis - p. 1202 99. 129. Pertussis and Other Bordetella Infections - p. 1206 100. REFERENCES - p. 1224.e1 101. 130. Donovanosis (Granuloma inguinale) - p. 1225 102. 131. Campylobacter Species - p. 1228 103. REFERENCES - p. 1236 104. 132. Tularemia - p. 1243.e11 105. 133. Haemophilus influenzae - p. 1250 106. REFERENCES - p. 1266 107. 134. Other Haemophilus Species (ducreyi, haemolyticus, influenzae biogroup aegyptius, and parainfluenzae) - p. 1268 108. 135. Helicobacter pylori - p. 1273.e3 109. 136. Kingella kingae - p. 1279.e3 110. 137. Legionnaires's Disease, Pontiac Fever, and Related Illnesses - p. 1285 111. 138. Q Fever - p. 1294 112. 139. Streptobacillus moniliformis (Rat-Bite Fever) - p. 1297 113. 140. Bartonella Infections - p. 1302.e3 114. 141. Lyme Disease - p. 1309 115. 142. Relapsing Fever - p. 1316 116. 143. Leptospirosis - p. 1320 117. 144. Spirillum minus (Rat-Bite Fever) - p. 1332 118. 145. Syphilis - p. 1333 119. 146. Nonvenereal Treponematoses - p. 1350.e3 120. 147. Clostridial Intoxication and Infection - p. 1357.e2 121. 148. Infant Botulism - p. 1365 122. 149. Tetanus - p. 1371 123. 150. Actinomycosis - p. 1379.e3 124. 151. Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, and Porphyromonas - p. 1383 125. VOLUME TWO - p. 1392.e2 126. Viral Infections - p. 1392.e2 127. Subsection I. DNA—Parvoviridae - p. 1392.e2 128. 152. Human Parvovirus B19 - p. 1393 129. HISTORY - p. 1393 130. PROPERTIES OF THE VIRUS - p. 1394 131. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1394 132. PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY - p. 1395 133. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1396 134. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 1402 135. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1402 136. TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS - p. 1402 137. PREVENTION - p. 1403 138. REFERENCES - p. 1404 139. 153. Human Bocaviruses - p. 1404.e10 140. Subsection II. DNA—Polyomaviridae - p. 1408.e3 141. 154. Human Polyomaviruses - p. 1408.e4 142. 155. Human Papillomaviruses - p. 1414 143. HISTORY - p. 1414 144. VIROLOGY - p. 1414 145. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1416 146. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1416 147. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS - p. 1422 148. TREATMENT - p. 1423 149. PREVENTION - p. 1424 150. FUTURE DIRECTIONS - p. 1427 151. REFERENCES - p. 1428 152. Subsection III. DNA—Adenoviridae - p. 1429.e7 153. 156. Adenoviruses - p. 1429 154. HISTORY - p. 1429 155. PROPERTIES OF THE VIRUS - p. 1430 156. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1432 157. PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY - p. 1433 158. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1435 159. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1445 160. TREATMENT - p. 1446 161. PREVENTION - p. 1448 162. PROGNOSIS - p. 1448 163. REFERENCES - p. 1449 164. Subsection IV. DNA—Hepatoviridae - p. 1449.e13 165. 157. Hepatitis B and D Viruses - p. 1450 166. Subsection V. DNA—Herpesviridae - p. 1467.e4 167. 158. Herpes Simplex Viruses 1 and 2 - p. 1467 168. THE VIRUSES - p. 1467 169. TRANSMISSION - p. 1468 170. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1470 171. PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY - p. 1471 172. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1473 173. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1486 174. PROGNOSIS, COMPLICATIONS, AND SEQUELAE - p. 1489 175. POSTINFECTIOUS ENCEPHALITIS - p. 1489 176. TREATMENT - p. 1489 177. Acknowledgments - p. 1497 178. REFERENCES - p. 1497.e1 179. 159. Cytomegalovirus - p. 1498 180. HISTORY - p. 1498 181. VIROLOGY - p. 1498 182. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1499 183. PATHOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, AND IMMUNITY - p. 1502 184. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1503 185. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS - p. 1510 186. TREATMENT - p. 1513 187. PREVENTION - p. 1515 188. REFERENCES - p. 1519 189. 160. Epstein-Barr Virus - p. 1520 190. HISTORY - p. 1520 191. VIROLOGY - p. 1520 192. IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS - p. 1522 193. HISTOPATHOLOGY - p. 1524 194. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1524 195. TRANSMISSION - p. 1525 196. NONMALIGNANT CLINICAL SYNDROMES ASSOCIATED WITH EBV INFECTION - p. 1526 197. COMPLICATIONS OF INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS - p. 1528 198. MALIGNANT DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS - p. 1531 199. DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS - p. 1533 200. TREATMENT - p. 1536 201. PROGNOSIS - p. 1538 202. PREVENTION - p. 1538 203. REFERENCES - p. 1540 204. 161. Human Herpesviruses 6A, 6B, 7, and 8 - p. 1541 205. 162. Varicella Zoster Virus - p. 1546 206. Subsection VI. DNA—Poxviridae - p. 1554.e5 207. 163. Smallpox (Variola Virus) - p. 1555 208. 164. Monkeypox and Other Poxviruses - p. 1560 209. 165. Mimiviruses - p. 1569 210. Subsection I. RNA—Picornaviridae - p. 1571.e1 211. 166. Enteroviruses, Parechoviruses, and Saffold Viruses - p. 1572 212. HISTORY - p. 1572 213. THE VIRUSES - p. 1572 214. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1577 215. PATHOGENESIS - p. 1579 216. PATHOLOGY - p. 1580 217. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: NONPOLIO ENTEROVIRUSES, PARECHOVIRUSES, AND SAFFOLD VIRUSES - p. 1582 218. NEONATAL INFECTIONS - p. 1606 219. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: POLIOVIRUS - p. 1610 220. DIAGNOSIS AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 1613 221. TREATMENT - p. 1614 222. PREVENTION - p. 1616 223. Acknowledgments - p. 1617 224. REFERENCES - p. 1620 225. 167. Rhinoviruses - p. 1621 226. 168. Hepatitis A Virus - p. 1635 227. Subsection II. RNA—Caliciviridae - p. 1643.e5 228. 169. Caliciviruses - p. 1643 229. 170. Hepatitis E Virus - p. 1650 230. Subsection III. RNA—Reoviridae - p. 1656.e4 231. 171. Reoviruses - p. 1657 232. 172. Orbiviruses, Coltiviruses, and Seadornaviruses: Colorado Tick Fever, Banna Virus, and Others - p. 1660.e2 233. 173. Rotavirus - p. 1665 234. Subsection IV. RNA—Togaviridae - p. 1675.e5 235. 174. Rubella Virus - p. 1676 236. HISTORY - p. 1676 237. PROPERTIES - p. 1676 238. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1677 239. PATHOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS - p. 1682 240. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1685 241. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1692 242. TREATMENT - p. 1693 243. PREVENTION - p. 1694 244. REFERENCES - p. 1696 245. 175. Eastern Equine Encephalitis - p. 1697 246. 176. Western Equine Encephalitis - p. 1701.e2 247. 177. Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis - p. 1707 248. 178. Chikungunya - p. 1711.e2 249. 179. Ross River Virus Arthritis - p. 1718.e3 250. 180. Other Alphaviral Infections - p. 1721 251. Subsection V. Flaviviridae - p. 1723 252. 181. St. Louis Encephalitis - p. 1724 253. 182. West Nile Virus - p. 1729.e2 254. 183. Yellow Fever - p. 1738.e4 255. 184. Dengue, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, and Severe Dengue - p. 1743 256. 185. Japanese Encephalitis - p. 1754 257. 186. Murray Valley Encephalitis - p. 1760.e3 258. 187. Tick-Borne Encephalitis - p. 1762 259. 188. Zika Virus Infections - p. 1769 260. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1769 261. VIROLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS - p. 1775 262. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND COMPLICATIONS - p. 1778 263. ZIKV DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT, THERAPEUTICS, AND PREVENTION - p. 1790 264. EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH ZIKV - p. 1795 265. ZIKV PREVENTION: VECTOR CONTROL, VACCINES, AND OTHER CHALLENGES - p. 1796 266. CONCLUSION - p. 1799 267. REFERENCES - p. 1800 268. 189. Other Less Commonly Recognized Flaviviruses - p. 1802.e10 269. 190. Hepatitis C Virus - p. 1806 270. Subsection VI. Orthomyxoviridae - p. 1810.e2 271. 191. Influenza Viruses - p. 1811 272. HISTORY - p. 1811 273. BIOLOGY - p. 1811 274. ECOLOGY - p. 1814 275. SURVEILLANCE - p. 1815 276. EVOLUTION AND ADAPTATION - p. 1815 277. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1816 278. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1819 279. PATHOLOGY - p. 1820 280. PATHOGENESIS - p. 1820 281. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1822 282. MANAGEMENT - p. 1823 283. INFECTION CONTROL - p. 1825 284. VACCINES - p. 1825 285. EFFICACY AND EFFECTIVENESS - p. 1826 286. PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS - p. 1826 287. REFERENCES - p. 1828 288. Subsection VII. Paramyxoviridae - p. 1828.e8 289. 192. Parainfluenza Viruses - p. 1828.e9 290. 193. Measles Virus - p. 1837 291. HISTORY - p. 1837 292. PROPERTIES - p. 1837 293. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1839 294. PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY - p. 1841 295. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1843 296. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 1851 297. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1851 298. TREATMENT - p. 1851 299. PREVENTION - p. 1852 300. REFERENCES - p. 1854.e1 301. 194. Mumps Virus - p. 1855 302. 195. Respiratory Syncytial Virus - p. 1865 303. HISTORY - p. 1865 304. STRUCTURAL AND ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES - p. 1865 305. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1866 306. PATHOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS - p. 1869 307. IMMUNITY AND DISEASE PATHOGENESIS - p. 1870 308. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1872 309. PROGNOSIS - p. 1874 310. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1876 311. TREATMENT - p. 1877 312. PREVENTION - p. 1878 313. Acknowledgment - p. 1881 314. REFERENCES - p. 1882 315. 196. Human Metapneumovirus - p. 1882.e7 316. Subsection VIII. Rhabdoviridae - p. 1889.e6 317. 197. Rabies Virus - p. 1889.e7 318. HISTORY - p. 1889.e7 319. ETIOLOGY - p. 1890 320. TRANSMISSION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1892 321. COVID-19 AND RABIES - p. 1893 322. PATHOBIOLOGY - p. 1894 323. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1894 324. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1897 325. PROPHYLAXIS - p. 1897 326. PREEXPOSURE IMMUNIZATION - p. 1902 327. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS - p. 1904 328. Acknowledgments - p. 1904 329. REFERENCES - p. 1904 330. Subsection IX. Arenaviridae and Filoviridae - p. 1905.e5 331. 198. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus - p. 1905 332. 199. Arenaviral Hemorrhagic Fevers - p. 1908 333. 200. Filoviral Hemorrhagic Fever: Marburg and Ebola Virus Fevers - p. 1917 334. Subsection X. Coronaviridae and Torovirdae - p. 1933.e4 335. 201. Human Coronaviruses - p. 1934 336. Subsection XI. Bunyaviridae - p. 1946.e5 337. 202. Hantaviruses - p. 1947 338. 203. La Crosse Virus and Other California Serogroup Viruses - p. 1960 339. 204. Rift Valley Fever - p. 1971 340. 205. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever - p. 1974 341. 206. Phlebotomus Fever (Sandfly Fever) - p. 1977.e3 342. 207. Oropouche Fever - p. 1980 343. 208. Toscana Virus - p. 1985 344. Subsection XII. Retroviridae - p. 1988.e2 345. 209. Oncoviruses (Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses) and Lentiviruses (Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2) - p. 1989 346. CLASSIFICATION - p. 1989 347. ONCOVIRUSES: HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPES - p. 1995 348. LENTIVIRUSES: HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 2 - p. 2011 349. REFERENCES - p. 2016 350. 210. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - p. 2017 351. Epidemiology of Pediatric HIV Infection - p. 2017 352. Staging of Pediatric HIV Infection - p. 2018 353. Transmission And Prevention - p. 2018 354. Etiology - p. 2021 355. Pathogenesis - p. 2021 356. Clinical Manifestations - p. 2022 357. Complications - p. 2028 358. Diagnosis of HIV Infection In Infants And Children - p. 2032 359. Immunologic And Clinical Monitoring of Children Living With HIV - p. 2032 360. Treatment - p. 2033 361. CAPSID INHIBITORS - p. 2034 362. REFERENCES - p. 2039 363. Subsection XIII. Prion-Related Diseases - p. 2039.e6 364. 211. Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease, Kuru, Fatal Familial Insomnia, New Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Sporadic Fatal Insomnia, Variably Protease Sensitive Prionopathy) - p. 2040 365. Section 18. Chlamydia - p. 2054.e5 366. 212. Chlamydia Infections - p. 2055 367. Section 19. Rickettsial Diseases - p. 2064.e3 368. 213. Rickettsial and Ehrlichial Diseases - p. 2065 369. Section 20. Mycoplasma - p. 2080.e3 370. 214. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma Infections - p. 2081 371. HISTORY - p. 2081 372. CLASSIFICATION - p. 2081 373. MYCOPLASMOIDES PNEUMONIAE - p. 2082 374. UREAPLASMA - p. 2098 375. METAMYCOPLASMA HOMINIS - p. 2102 376. MYCOPLASMOIDES GENITALIUM - p. 2103 377. MYCOPLASMOPSIS FERMENTANS - p. 2103 378. MALACOPLASMA PENETRANS - p. 2104 379. DIAGNOSIS OF GENITAL MYCOPLASMAS - p. 2104 380. OTHER MYCOPLASMA SPECIES AND MYCOPLASMA RELATIONSHIPS - p. 2104 381. TREATMENT OF GENITAL MYCOPLASMAS - p. 2105 382. PREVENTION OF GENITAL MYCOPLASMAS - p. 2106 383. REFERENCES - p. 2107 384. Section 21. Fungal Diseases - p. 2110.e26 385. 215. Aspergillosis - p. 2111 386. 216. Blastomycosis - p. 2125 387. 217. Candidiasis - p. 2136 388. ORGANISM - p. 2137 389. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 2137 390. RISK FACTORS - p. 2138 391. PATHOGENESIS - p. 2138 392. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 2140 393. DIAGNOSIS - p. 2143 394. ANTIFUNGAL PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT - p. 2144 395. NEONATAL CANDIDIASIS - p. 2148 396. REFERENCES - p. 2155 397. 218. Coccidioidomycosis - p. 2157 398. 219. Paracoccidioidomycosis - p. 2167 399. THE ORGANISM - p. 2167 400. TRANSMISSION - p. 2168 401. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 2168 402. PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY - p. 2170 403. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 2172 404. DIAGNOSIS - p. 2174 405. TREATMENT - p. 2176 406. PROGNOSIS - p. 2177 407. Acknowledgments - p. 2178 408. REFERENCES - p. 2178 409. 220. Cryptococcosis - p. 2180 410. 221. Histoplasmosis - p. 2189 411. ORGANISM - p. 2189 412. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 2189 413. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 2190 414. PATHOLOGY - p. 2191 415. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 2192 416. RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS - p. 2197 417. DIAGNOSIS - p. 2198 418. TREATMENT - p. 2201 419. PROGNOSIS - p. 2204 420. PREVENTION - p. 2204 421. REFERENCES - p. 2205 422. 222. Sporotrichosis - p. 2206 423. 223. Mucormycosis and Entomophthoramycosis - p. 2209.e3 424. 224. Fusariosis and Scedosporiosis - p. 2219 425. 225. Miscellaneous Mycoses - p. 2223 426. Parasitic Diseases - p. 2228.e2 427. Subsection I. Protozoa - p. 2228.e2 428. 226. Amebiasis - p. 2229 429. 227. Blastocystis hominis and Blastocystis spp. Infection - p. 2235 430. 228. Entamoeba coli Infection - p. 2237 431. 229. Giardiasis - p. 2238 432. 230. Dientamoeba fragilis Infections - p. 2242 433. 231. Trichomonas Infections - p. 2244.e3 434. 232. Balantidium coli Infection - p. 2249 435. 233. Cryptosporidiosis - p. 2250.e2 436. 234. Cyclosporiasis, Cystoisosporiasis, and Microsporidiosis - p. 2256 437. 235. Babesiosis - p. 2262.e5 438. 236. Malaria - p. 2268.e3 439. 237. Leishmaniasis - p. 2291.e4 440. 238. Trypanosomiasis - p. 2301 441. 239. Naegleria, Acanthamoeba, and Balamuthia Infections - p. 2315 442. 240. Toxoplasmosis - p. 2324.e3 443. 241. Pneumocystis Pneumonia - p. 2341 444. Subsection II. Nematodes - p. 2346.e3 445. 242. Parasitic Nematode Infections - p. 2347 446. Subsection III. Cestodes - p. 2360.e5 447. 243. Cestodes - p. 2361 448. Overview of Cestodes and their Importance for Children - p. 2361 449. Taenia Saginata (Beef Tapeworm) Infection - p. 2361 450. Taenia Asiatica (Asian Pork Tapeworm) - p. 2362 451. Taenia Solium - p. 2363 452. Coenurosis (Taenia Multiceps, Others) and Cysticercosis Caused by Taenia Crassiceps - p. 2368 453. Dibothriocephalus Spp. and Adenocephalus Spp. (Fish Tapeworm) - p. 2368 454. Dipylidium Caninum (Dog Tapeworm) - p. 2369 455. Hymenolepis Nana (Dwarf Tapeworm) - p. 2370 456. Hymenolepis Diminuta (Rat Tapeworm) - p. 2371 457. Sparganosis (Intermediate-Stage Spirometra Species Infection) - p. 2371 458. Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato and Related Species (Cystic Hydatid Disease) - p. 2371 459. Other Echinococcus Species - p. 2374 460. REFERENCES - p. 2375.e1 461. Subsection IV. Trematodes - p. 2375.e7 462. 244. Foodborne Trematodes - p. 2376 463. 245. Schistosomiasis - p. 2386 464. Subsection V. Arthropods - p. 2394 465. 246. Arthropods - p. 2395 466. Section 23. Global Health - p. 2402.e2 467. 247. Global Health - p. 2403 468. 248. International Travel Considerations for Children - p. 2412 469. PEDIATRIC TRAVELERS VISITING FRIENDS AND RELATIVES - p. 2413 470. PRETRAVEL CONSULTATIONS FOR CHILDREN - p. 2413 471. PEDIATRIC TRAVELERS AND HEALTH RISKS ABROAD - p. 2413 472. GENERAL APPROACH TO PRETRAVEL ASSESSMENT FOR CHILDREN - p. 2413 473. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR MEDICAL HISTORY - p. 2413 474. THE TRAVEL ITINERARY - p. 2414 475. VACCINATION FOR INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL - p. 2414 476. PREVENTION OF TRAVELERS’ DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN - p. 2426 477. PREVENTION OF OTHER INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN PEDIATRIC TRAVELERS - p. 2427 478. EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE DURING TRAVEL - p. 2428 479. RESOURCES FOR PEDIATRIC TRAVELERS - p. 2429 480. Acknowledgments - p. 2429 481. REFERENCES - p. 2432.e1 482. 249. Infectious Disease Considerations in International Adoptees and Refugees - p. 2432 483. Part IV. Therapeutics - p. 2442.e2 484. 250. Antibiotic Resistance - p. 2444 485. Resistance Genetics - p. 2444 486. Resistance to Specific Antibiotics - p. 2445 487. The Intersection of Covid-19 and Antimicrobial Resistance - p. 2462 488. REFERENCES - p. 2462 489. 251. The Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Interface: Determinants of Antiinfective Drug Action and Efficacy in Pediatrics - p. 2464.e12 490. 252. Antibacterial Therapeutic Agents - p. 2481 491. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY - p. 2481 492. AGENTS THAT TARGET THE CELL WALL - p. 2481 493. AGENTS THAT TARGET PROTEIN SYNTHESIS - p. 2496 494. AGENTS THAT TARGET NUCLEIC ACIDS - p. 2507 495. SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS - p. 2510 496. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS - p. 2515 497. REFERENCES - p. 2516 498. 253. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis - p. 2518 499. 254. Outpatient Intravenous Antimicrobial Therapy for Serious Infections - p. 2528.e3 500. 255. Antiviral Agents - p. 2534 501. Antiviral Agents Active Against RNA Viruses - p. 2535 502. Antiviral Agents Active Against DNA Viruses - p. 2545 503. REFERENCES - p. 2555 504. 256. Antifungal Agents - p. 2556 505. AGENTS FOR TREATMENT OF INVASIVE MYCOSES - p. 2556 506. Agents for Systemic Treatment of Mycoses of the Skin and Its Appendages - p. 2582 507. TOPICAL ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS - p. 2584 508. FUTURE DIRECTIONS - p. 2585 509. REFERENCES - p. 2585 510. 257. Drugs for Parasitic Infections - p. 2588.e18 511. 258. Immunomodulating Agents - p. 2589 512. MICROBIOME - p. 2589 513. VACCINATIONS AND VACCINES - p. 2589 514. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES - p. 2590 515. CYTOKINES - p. 2593 516. INTERFERONS - p. 2597 517. TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS - p. 2598 518. NEUTROPHILS AND COMPLEMENT - p. 2599 519. BACTERICIDAL/PERMEABILITY-INCREASING FACTOR, DEFENSINS, AND NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS (NETs) - p. 2599 520. PLATELET-ACTIVATING FACTOR - p. 2600 521. NITRIC OXIDE - p. 2600 522. NANOTECHONOLOGY AND OTHER NOVEL TECHNIQUES - p. 2601 523. CONCLUSION - p. 2601 524. REFERENCES - p. 2602 525. 259. Probiotics - p. 2603.e8 526. Part V. Prevention of Infectious Diseases - p. 2608.e3 527. 260. Health Care–Associated Infections - p. 2610 528. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND - p. 2610 529. SPREAD OF COMMUNICABLE INFECTIONS IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES - p. 2611 530. HEALTH CARE–ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS DUE TO INVASIVE DEVICES AND PROCEDURES - p. 2616 531. HEALTH CARE–ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS CAUSED BY SPECIAL PATHOGENS - p. 2623 532. HEALTH CARE–ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS - p. 2627 533. HEALTH CARE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROGRAMS IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES - p. 2631 534. REFERENCES - p. 2635 535. 261. Antimicrobial Stewardship - p. 2639 536. 262. Active Immunizing Agents - p. 2644 537. ACTIVE IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS: CONSIDERATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS - p. 2644 538. VACCINES RECOMMENDED FOR ROUTINE ADMINISTRATION - p. 2651 539. VACCINES WITH SELECTIVE INDICATIONS FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS - p. 2688 540. REFERENCES - p. 2706 541. 263. Passive Immunization - p. 2707 542. PRINCIPLES OF PASSIVE IMMUNITY - p. 2707 543. PASSIVE IMMUNITY IN BACTERIAL DISEASES - p. 2715 544. PASSIVE IMMUNITY IN VIRAL INFECTIONS - p. 2722 545. SARS-CoV-2 - p. 2735 546. Acknowledgments - p. 2737 547. REFERENCES - p. 2738 548. Section 24. Other Preventive Considerations - p. 2738.e14 549. 264. Public Health Aspects of Infectious Disease Control - p. 2738.e15 550. 265. Infections in Out-of-Home Childcare - p. 2744 551. 266. Animal and Human Bites - p. 2761 552. 267. Bioterrorism - p. 2767 553. Part VI. Approach to the Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases - p. 2773.e2 554. 268. Bacterial Laboratory Diagnosis - p. 2776 555. 269. Fungal Diagnostics for Pediatric Patients - p. 2787 556. 270. Viral Laboratory Diagnosis - p. 2790 557. 271. Parasitic Laboratory Diagnosis - p. 2805.e2 558. Index - p. 1-1
