Widely considered the premier text in pediatric infectious diseases, Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 9th Edition, provides authoritative, up-to-date coverage of this rapidly changing field. Extensively revised by Drs. James Cherry, Sheldon L. Kaplan, Gail J. Demmler-Harrison, William J. Steinbach, Peter J. Hotez, and new editor John V. Williams, this two-volume reference delivers the information you need on epidemiology, public health, preventive medicine, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and much more. It serves as a reliable, everyday resource for practicing ID specialists, and an invaluable reference for medical students, residents, and fellows in ID, pediatricians and internists, and others who work with neonates, children, and adolescents or in public health.
1. INTRODUCTION - p. 706 2. Timing of Infection After Transplant - p. 707 3. PRETRANSPLANT EVALUATION - p. 707 4. SELECTED PATHOGENS - p. 708 5. 74. Opportunistic Infections in Liver and Intestinal Transplantation - p. 720 6. 75. Infections in Renal Transplantation - p. 732 7. 76. Infections Related to Prosthetic or Artificial Devices - p. 744 8. INTERACTION OF THE HOST WITH A PROSTHETIC DEVICE - p. 744 9. INTERACTION OF MICROORGANISMS WITH A PROSTHETIC DEVICE - p. 744 10. TISSUE EXPANDERS - p. 745 11. COCHLEAR IMPLANTS - p. 745 12. OCULAR PROSTHESES - p. 746 13. LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES - p. 747 14. EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION CIRCUITS - p. 748 15. PERMANENT CARDIAC PACEMAKER AND IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR INFECTIONS - p. 749 16. PROSTHETIC JOINT AND ORTHOPEDIC IMPLANT INFECTIONS - p. 751 17. CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SHUNTS - p. 754 18. INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE MONITORS - p. 759 19. INTRATHECAL PUMP INFUSION DEVICES - p. 761 20. 77. Infections in Burn Patients - p. 762 21. Section 15. Unclassified Infectious Diseases - p. 776.e3 22. 78. Kawasaki Disease - p. 777 23. HISTORY - p. 777 24. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 778 25. ETIOLOGY - p. 780 26. Genetic Susceptibility - p. 780 27. PATHOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS - p. 780 28. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 782 29. INCOMPLETE KAWASAKI DISEASE - p. 783 30. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 784 31. LABORATORY FINDINGS - p. 785 32. MANAGEMENT - p. 786 33. COMPLICATIONS - p. 788 34. LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP AND PROGNOSIS - p. 789 35. 79. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease) - p. 792 36. Part III. Infections With Specific Microorganisms - p. 796.e2 37. Bacterial Infections - p. 796.e2 38. 80. Staphylococcus aureus Infections (Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci) - p. 798 39. 81. Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Infections - p. 812 40. 82. Group A, Group C, and Group G β-Hemolytic Streptococcal Infections - p. 819 41. 83. Group B Streptococcal Infections - p. 830 42. 84. Enterococcal and Viridans Streptococcal Infections - p. 843 43. 85. Pneumococcal Infections - p. 866 44. 86. Miscellaneous Gram-Positive Cocci - p. 905 45. 87. Moraxella catarrhalis - p. 908.e2 46. 88. Meningococcal Disease - p. 914 47. 89. Gonococcal Infections - p. 929.e5 48. 90. Diphtheria - p. 946 49. 91. Anthrax - p. 956 50. 92. Bacillus cereus and Other Bacillus Species - p. 960 51. 93. Arcanobacterium haemolyticum - p. 964.e3 52. 94. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae - p. 969 53. 95. Listeriosis - p. 970 54. 96. Tuberculosis - p. 975.e3 55. 97. Other Mycobacteria - p. 1009 56. 98. Leprosy and Buruli Ulcer: The Major Cutaneous Mycobacterioses - p. 1017 57. 99. Nocardia - p. 1037 58. 100. Corynebacterium and Rhodococcus - p. 1041 59. 101. Citrobacter - p. 1045 60. 102. Enterobacter - p. 1049.e3 61. 103. Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli - p. 1054 62. 104. Diarrhea-Causing and Dysentery-Causing Escherichia coli - p. 1060.e3 63. 105. Klebsiella - p. 1073 64. 106. Morganella morganii - p. 1079 65. 107. Proteus - p. 1080.e3 66. 108. Providencia - p. 1083.e2 67. 109. Shigella - p. 1085 68. 110. Serratia - p. 1098 69. 111. Salmonella - p. 1101 70. 112. Plague (Yersinia pestis) - p. 1117.e9 71. 113. Other Yersinia Species - p. 1122 72. 114. Miscellaneous Enterobacteriaceae - p. 1134.e4 73. 115. Aeromonas - p. 1138.e3 74. 116. Pasteurella multocida - p. 1144 75. 117. Cholera - p. 1147 76. 118. Vibrio parahaemolyticus - p. 1153.e3 77. 119. Vibrio vulnificus - p. 1157 78. 120. Miscellaneous Non-Enterobacteriaceae Fermentative Bacilli - p. 1160 79. 121. Acinetobacter - p. 1165.e3 80. 122. Achromobacter (Alcaligenes) - p. 1170 81. 123. Eikenella corrodens - p. 1173 82. 124. Elizabethkingia and Chryseobacterium Species - p. 1175 83. 125. Pseudomonas and Related Genera - p. 1178 84. 126. Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia - p. 1198 85. 127. Aggregatibacter Species - p. 1200.e4 86. 128. Brucellosis - p. 1202 87. 129. Pertussis and Other Bordetella Infections - p. 1206 88. 130. Donovanosis (Granuloma inguinale) - p. 1225 89. 131. Campylobacter Species - p. 1228 90. 132. Tularemia - p. 1243.e11 91. 133. Haemophilus influenzae - p. 1250 92. 134. Other Haemophilus Species (ducreyi, haemolyticus, influenzae biogroup aegyptius, and parainfluenzae) - p. 1268 93. 135. Helicobacter pylori - p. 1273.e3 94. 136. Kingella kingae - p. 1279.e3 95. 137. Legionnaires's Disease, Pontiac Fever, and Related Illnesses - p. 1285 96. 138. Q Fever - p. 1294 97. 139. Streptobacillus moniliformis (Rat-Bite Fever) - p. 1297 98. 140. Bartonella Infections - p. 1302.e3 99. 141. Lyme Disease - p. 1309 100. 142. Relapsing Fever - p. 1316 101. 143. Leptospirosis - p. 1320 102. 144. Spirillum minus (Rat-Bite Fever) - p. 1332 103. 145. Syphilis - p. 1333 104. 146. Nonvenereal Treponematoses - p. 1350.e3 105. 147. Clostridial Intoxication and Infection - p. 1357.e2 106. 148. Infant Botulism - p. 1365 107. 149. Tetanus - p. 1371 108. 150. Actinomycosis - p. 1379.e3 109. 151. Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, and Porphyromonas - p. 1383 110. VOLUME TWO - p. 1392.e2 111. Viral Infections - p. 1392.e2 112. Subsection I. DNA—Parvoviridae - p. 1392.e2 113. 152. Human Parvovirus B19 - p. 1393 114. HISTORY - p. 1393 115. PROPERTIES OF THE VIRUS - p. 1394 116. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1394 117. PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY - p. 1395 118. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1396 119. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 1402 120. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1402 121. TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS - p. 1402 122. PREVENTION - p. 1403 123. 153. Human Bocaviruses - p. 1404.e10 124. Subsection II. DNA—Polyomaviridae - p. 1408.e3 125. 154. Human Polyomaviruses - p. 1408.e4 126. 155. Human Papillomaviruses - p. 1414 127. HISTORY - p. 1414 128. VIROLOGY - p. 1414 129. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1416 130. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1416 131. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS - p. 1422 132. TREATMENT - p. 1423 133. PREVENTION - p. 1424 134. FUTURE DIRECTIONS - p. 1427 135. Subsection III. DNA—Adenoviridae - p. 1429.e7 136. 156. Adenoviruses - p. 1429 137. HISTORY - p. 1429 138. PROPERTIES OF THE VIRUS - p. 1430 139. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1432 140. PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY - p. 1433 141. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1435 142. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1445 143. TREATMENT - p. 1446 144. PREVENTION - p. 1448 145. PROGNOSIS - p. 1448 146. Subsection IV. DNA—Hepatoviridae - p. 1449.e13 147. 157. Hepatitis B and D Viruses - p. 1450 148. Subsection V. DNA—Herpesviridae - p. 1467.e4 149. 158. Herpes Simplex Viruses 1 and 2 - p. 1467 150. THE VIRUSES - p. 1467 151. TRANSMISSION - p. 1468 152. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1470 153. PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY - p. 1471 154. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1473 155. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1486 156. PROGNOSIS, COMPLICATIONS, AND SEQUELAE - p. 1489 157. POSTINFECTIOUS ENCEPHALITIS - p. 1489 158. TREATMENT - p. 1489 159. Acknowledgments - p. 1497 160. 159. Cytomegalovirus - p. 1498 161. HISTORY - p. 1498 162. VIROLOGY - p. 1498 163. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1499 164. PATHOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, AND IMMUNITY - p. 1502 165. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1503 166. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS - p. 1510 167. TREATMENT - p. 1513 168. PREVENTION - p. 1515 169. 160. Epstein-Barr Virus - p. 1520 170. HISTORY - p. 1520 171. VIROLOGY - p. 1520 172. IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS - p. 1522 173. HISTOPATHOLOGY - p. 1524 174. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1524 175. TRANSMISSION - p. 1525 176. NONMALIGNANT CLINICAL SYNDROMES ASSOCIATED WITH EBV INFECTION - p. 1526 177. COMPLICATIONS OF INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS - p. 1528 178. MALIGNANT DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS - p. 1531 179. DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS - p. 1533 180. TREATMENT - p. 1536 181. PROGNOSIS - p. 1538 182. PREVENTION - p. 1538 183. 161. Human Herpesviruses 6A, 6B, 7, and 8 - p. 1541 184. 162. Varicella Zoster Virus - p. 1546 185. Subsection VI. DNA—Poxviridae - p. 1554.e5 186. 163. Smallpox (Variola Virus) - p. 1555 187. 164. Monkeypox and Other Poxviruses - p. 1560 188. 165. Mimiviruses - p. 1569 189. Subsection I. RNA—Picornaviridae - p. 1571.e1 190. 166. Enteroviruses, Parechoviruses, and Saffold Viruses - p. 1572 191. HISTORY - p. 1572 192. THE VIRUSES - p. 1572 193. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1577 194. PATHOGENESIS - p. 1579 195. PATHOLOGY - p. 1580 196. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: NONPOLIO ENTEROVIRUSES, PARECHOVIRUSES, AND SAFFOLD VIRUSES - p. 1582 197. NEONATAL INFECTIONS - p. 1606 198. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: POLIOVIRUS - p. 1610 199. DIAGNOSIS AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 1613 200. TREATMENT - p. 1614 201. PREVENTION - p. 1616 202. Acknowledgments - p. 1617 203. 167. Rhinoviruses - p. 1621 204. 168. Hepatitis A Virus - p. 1635 205. Subsection II. RNA—Caliciviridae - p. 1643.e5 206. 169. Caliciviruses - p. 1643 207. 170. Hepatitis E Virus - p. 1650 208. Subsection III. RNA—Reoviridae - p. 1656.e4 209. 171. Reoviruses - p. 1657 210. 172. Orbiviruses, Coltiviruses, and Seadornaviruses: Colorado Tick Fever, Banna Virus, and Others - p. 1660.e2 211. 173. Rotavirus - p. 1665 212. Subsection IV. RNA—Togaviridae - p. 1675.e5 213. 174. Rubella Virus - p. 1676 214. HISTORY - p. 1676 215. PROPERTIES - p. 1676 216. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1677 217. PATHOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS - p. 1682 218. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1685 219. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1692 220. TREATMENT - p. 1693 221. PREVENTION - p. 1694 222. 175. Eastern Equine Encephalitis - p. 1697 223. 176. Western Equine Encephalitis - p. 1701.e2 224. 177. Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis - p. 1707 225. 178. Chikungunya - p. 1711.e2 226. 179. Ross River Virus Arthritis - p. 1718.e3 227. 180. Other Alphaviral Infections - p. 1721 228. Subsection V. Flaviviridae - p. 1723 229. 181. St. Louis Encephalitis - p. 1724 230. 182. West Nile Virus - p. 1729.e2 231. 183. Yellow Fever - p. 1738.e4 232. 184. Dengue, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, and Severe Dengue - p. 1743 233. 185. Japanese Encephalitis - p. 1754 234. 186. Murray Valley Encephalitis - p. 1760.e3 235. 187. Tick-Borne Encephalitis - p. 1762 236. 188. Zika Virus Infections - p. 1769 237. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1769 238. VIROLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS - p. 1775 239. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND COMPLICATIONS - p. 1778 240. ZIKV DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT, THERAPEUTICS, AND PREVENTION - p. 1790 241. EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH ZIKV - p. 1795 242. ZIKV PREVENTION: VECTOR CONTROL, VACCINES, AND OTHER CHALLENGES - p. 1796 243. CONCLUSION - p. 1799 244. 189. Other Less Commonly Recognized Flaviviruses - p. 1802.e10 245. 190. Hepatitis C Virus - p. 1806 246. Subsection VI. Orthomyxoviridae - p. 1810.e2 247. 191. Influenza Viruses - p. 1811 248. HISTORY - p. 1811 249. BIOLOGY - p. 1811 250. ECOLOGY - p. 1814 251. SURVEILLANCE - p. 1815 252. EVOLUTION AND ADAPTATION - p. 1815 253. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1816 254. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1819 255. PATHOLOGY - p. 1820 256. PATHOGENESIS - p. 1820 257. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1822 258. MANAGEMENT - p. 1823 259. INFECTION CONTROL - p. 1825 260. VACCINES - p. 1825 261. EFFICACY AND EFFECTIVENESS - p. 1826 262. PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS - p. 1826 263. Subsection VII. Paramyxoviridae - p. 1828.e8 264. 192. Parainfluenza Viruses - p. 1828.e9 265. 193. Measles Virus - p. 1837 266. HISTORY - p. 1837 267. PROPERTIES - p. 1837 268. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1839 269. PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY - p. 1841 270. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1843 271. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 1851 272. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1851 273. TREATMENT - p. 1851 274. PREVENTION - p. 1852 275. 194. Mumps Virus - p. 1855 276. 195. Respiratory Syncytial Virus - p. 1865 277. HISTORY - p. 1865 278. STRUCTURAL AND ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES - p. 1865 279. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1866 280. PATHOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS - p. 1869 281. IMMUNITY AND DISEASE PATHOGENESIS - p. 1870 282. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1872 283. PROGNOSIS - p. 1874 284. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1876 285. TREATMENT - p. 1877 286. PREVENTION - p. 1878 287. Acknowledgment - p. 1881 288. 196. Human Metapneumovirus - p. 1882.e7 289. Subsection VIII. Rhabdoviridae - p. 1889.e6 290. 197. Rabies Virus - p. 1889.e7 291. HISTORY - p. 1889.e7 292. ETIOLOGY - p. 1890 293. TRANSMISSION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1892 294. COVID-19 AND RABIES - p. 1893 295. PATHOBIOLOGY - p. 1894 296. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1894 297. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1897 298. PROPHYLAXIS - p. 1898 299. PREEXPOSURE IMMUNIZATION - p. 1902 300. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS - p. 1904 301. Acknowledgments - p. 1904 302. Subsection IX. Arenaviridae and Filoviridae - p. 1905.e5 303. 198. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus - p. 1905 304. 199. Arenaviral Hemorrhagic Fevers - p. 1908 305. 200. Filoviral Hemorrhagic Fever: Marburg and Ebola Virus Fevers - p. 1917 306. Subsection X. Coronaviridae and Torovirdae - p. 1933.e4 307. 201. Human Coronaviruses - p. 1934 308. Subsection XI. Bunyaviridae - p. 1946.e5 309. 202. Hantaviruses - p. 1947 310. 203. La Crosse Virus and Other California Serogroup Viruses - p. 1960 311. 204. Rift Valley Fever - p. 1971 312. 205. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever - p. 1974 313. 206. Phlebotomus Fever (Sandfly Fever) - p. 1977.e3 314. 207. Oropouche Fever - p. 1980 315. 208. Toscana Virus - p. 1985 316. Subsection XII. Retroviridae - p. 1988.e2 317. 209. Oncoviruses (Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses) and Lentiviruses (Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2) - p. 1989 318. CLASSIFICATION - p. 1989 319. ONCOVIRUSES: HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPES - p. 1995 320. LENTIVIRUSES: HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 2 - p. 2011 321. 210. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - p. 2017 322. Epidemiology of Pediatric HIV Infection - p. 2017 323. Staging of Pediatric HIV Infection - p. 2018 324. Transmission And Prevention - p. 2018 325. Etiology - p. 2021 326. Pathogenesis - p. 2021 327. Clinical Manifestations - p. 2022 328. Complications - p. 2028 329. Diagnosis of HIV Infection In Infants And Children - p. 2032 330. Immunologic And Clinical Monitoring of Children Living With HIV - p. 2032 331. Treatment - p. 2033 332. CAPSID INHIBITORS - p. 2034 333. Subsection XIII. Prion-Related Diseases - p. 2039.e6 334. 211. Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease, Kuru, Fatal Familial Insomnia, New Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Sporadic Fatal Insomnia, Variably Protease Sensitive Prionopathy) - p. 2040 335. Section 18. Chlamydia - p. 2054.e5 336. 212. Chlamydia Infections - p. 2055 337. Section 19. Rickettsial Diseases - p. 2064.e3 338. 213. Rickettsial and Ehrlichial Diseases - p. 2065 339. Section 20. Mycoplasma - p. 2080.e3 340. 214. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma Infections - p. 2081 341. HISTORY - p. 2081 342. CLASSIFICATION - p. 2081 343. MYCOPLASMOIDES PNEUMONIAE - p. 2082 344. UREAPLASMA - p. 2098 345. METAMYCOPLASMA HOMINIS - p. 2102 346. MYCOPLASMOIDES GENITALIUM - p. 2103 347. MYCOPLASMOPSIS FERMENTANS - p. 2103 348. MALACOPLASMA PENETRANS - p. 2104 349. DIAGNOSIS OF GENITAL MYCOPLASMAS - p. 2104 350. OTHER MYCOPLASMA SPECIES AND MYCOPLASMA RELATIONSHIPS - p. 2104 351. TREATMENT OF GENITAL MYCOPLASMAS - p. 2105 352. PREVENTION OF GENITAL MYCOPLASMAS - p. 2106 353. Section 21. Fungal Diseases - p. 2110.e26 354. 215. Aspergillosis - p. 2111 355. 216. Blastomycosis - p. 2125 356. 217. Candidiasis - p. 2136 357. ORGANISM - p. 2137 358. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 2137 359. RISK FACTORS - p. 2138 360. PATHOGENESIS - p. 2138 361. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 2140 362. DIAGNOSIS - p. 2143 363. ANTIFUNGAL PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT - p. 2144 364. NEONATAL CANDIDIASIS - p. 2148 365. 218. Coccidioidomycosis - p. 2157 366. 219. Paracoccidioidomycosis - p. 2167 367. THE ORGANISM - p. 2167 368. TRANSMISSION - p. 2168 369. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 2168 370. PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY - p. 2170 371. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 2172 372. DIAGNOSIS - p. 2174 373. TREATMENT - p. 2176 374. PROGNOSIS - p. 2177 375. Acknowledgments - p. 2178 376. 220. Cryptococcosis - p. 2180 377. 221. Histoplasmosis - p. 2189 378. ORGANISM - p. 2189 379. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 2189 380. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 2190 381. PATHOLOGY - p. 2191 382. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 2192 383. RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS - p. 2197 384. DIAGNOSIS - p. 2198 385. TREATMENT - p. 2201 386. PROGNOSIS - p. 2204 387. PREVENTION - p. 2204 388. 222. Sporotrichosis - p. 2206 389. 223. Mucormycosis and Entomophthoramycosis - p. 2209.e3 390. 224. Fusariosis and Scedosporiosis - p. 2219 391. 225. Miscellaneous Mycoses - p. 2223 392. Parasitic Diseases - p. 2228.e2 393. Subsection I. Protozoa - p. 2228.e2 394. 226. Amebiasis - p. 2229 395. 227. Blastocystis hominis and Blastocystis spp. Infection - p. 2235 396. 228. Entamoeba coli Infection - p. 2237 397. 229. Giardiasis - p. 2238 398. 230. Dientamoeba fragilis Infections - p. 2242 399. 231. Trichomonas Infections - p. 2244.e3 400. 232. Balantidium coli Infection - p. 2249 401. 233. Cryptosporidiosis - p. 2250.e2 402. 234. Cyclosporiasis, Cystoisosporiasis, and Microsporidiosis - p. 2256 403. 235. Babesiosis - p. 2262.e5 404. 236. Malaria - p. 2268.e3 405. 237. Leishmaniasis - p. 2291.e4 406. 238. Trypanosomiasis - p. 2301 407. 239. Naegleria, Acanthamoeba, and Balamuthia Infections - p. 2315 408. 240. Toxoplasmosis - p. 2324.e3 409. 241. Pneumocystis Pneumonia - p. 2341 410. Subsection II. Nematodes - p. 2346.e3 411. 242. Parasitic Nematode Infections - p. 2347 412. Subsection III. Cestodes - p. 2360.e5 413. 243. Cestodes - p. 2361 414. Overview of Cestodes and their Importance for Children - p. 2361 415. Taenia Saginata (Beef Tapeworm) Infection - p. 2361 416. Taenia Asiatica (Asian Pork Tapeworm) - p. 2362 417. Taenia Solium - p. 2363 418. Coenurosis (Taenia Multiceps, Others) and Cysticercosis Caused by Taenia Crassiceps - p. 2368 419. Dibothriocephalus Spp. and Adenocephalus Spp. (Fish Tapeworm) - p. 2368 420. Dipylidium Caninum (Dog Tapeworm) - p. 2369 421. Hymenolepis Nana (Dwarf Tapeworm) - p. 2370 422. Hymenolepis Diminuta (Rat Tapeworm) - p. 2371 423. Sparganosis (Intermediate-Stage Spirometra Species Infection) - p. 2371 424. Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato and Related Species (Cystic Hydatid Disease) - p. 2371 425. Other Echinococcus Species - p. 2374 426. Subsection IV. Trematodes - p. 2375.e7 427. 244. Foodborne Trematodes - p. 2376 428. 245. Schistosomiasis - p. 2386 429. Subsection V. Arthropods - p. 2394 430. 246. Arthropods - p. 2395 431. Section 23. Global Health - p. 2402.e2 432. 247. Global Health - p. 2403 433. 248. International Travel Considerations for Children - p. 2412 434. PEDIATRIC TRAVELERS VISITING FRIENDS AND RELATIVES - p. 2413 435. PRETRAVEL CONSULTATIONS FOR CHILDREN - p. 2413 436. PEDIATRIC TRAVELERS AND HEALTH RISKS ABROAD - p. 2413 437. GENERAL APPROACH TO PRETRAVEL ASSESSMENT FOR CHILDREN - p. 2413 438. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR MEDICAL HISTORY - p. 2413 439. THE TRAVEL ITINERARY - p. 2414 440. VACCINATION FOR INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL - p. 2414 441. PREVENTION OF TRAVELERS’ DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN - p. 2426 442. PREVENTION OF OTHER INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN PEDIATRIC TRAVELERS - p. 2427 443. EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE DURING TRAVEL - p. 2428 444. RESOURCES FOR PEDIATRIC TRAVELERS - p. 2429 445. Acknowledgments - p. 2429 446. 249. Infectious Disease Considerations in International Adoptees and Refugees - p. 2432 447. Part IV. Therapeutics - p. 2442.e2 448. 250. Antibiotic Resistance - p. 2444 449. Resistance Genetics - p. 2444 450. Resistance to Specific Antibiotics - p. 2445 451. The Intersection of Covid-19 and Antimicrobial Resistance - p. 2462 452. 251. The Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Interface: Determinants of Antiinfective Drug Action and Efficacy in Pediatrics - p. 2464.e12 453. 252. Antibacterial Therapeutic Agents - p. 2481 454. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY - p. 2481 455. AGENTS THAT TARGET THE CELL WALL - p. 2481 456. AGENTS THAT TARGET PROTEIN SYNTHESIS - p. 2496 457. AGENTS THAT TARGET NUCLEIC ACIDS - p. 2507 458. SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS - p. 2510 459. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS - p. 2515 460. 253. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis - p. 2518 461. 254. Outpatient Intravenous Antimicrobial Therapy for Serious Infections - p. 2528.e3 462. 255. Antiviral Agents - p. 2534 463. Antiviral Agents Active Against RNA Viruses - p. 2535 464. Antiviral Agents Active Against DNA Viruses - p. 2545 465. 256. Antifungal Agents - p. 2556 466. AGENTS FOR TREATMENT OF INVASIVE MYCOSES - p. 2556 467. Agents for Systemic Treatment of Mycoses of the Skin and Its Appendages - p. 2582 468. TOPICAL ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS - p. 2584 469. FUTURE DIRECTIONS - p. 2585 470. 257. Drugs for Parasitic Infections - p. 2588.e18 471. 258. Immunomodulating Agents - p. 2589 472. MICROBIOME - p. 2589 473. VACCINATIONS AND VACCINES - p. 2589 474. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES - p. 2590 475. CYTOKINES - p. 2593 476. INTERFERONS - p. 2597 477. TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS - p. 2598 478. NEUTROPHILS AND COMPLEMENT - p. 2599 479. BACTERICIDAL/PERMEABILITY-INCREASING FACTOR, DEFENSINS, AND NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS (NETs) - p. 2599 480. PLATELET-ACTIVATING FACTOR - p. 2600 481. NITRIC OXIDE - p. 2600 482. NANOTECHONOLOGY AND OTHER NOVEL TECHNIQUES - p. 2601 483. CONCLUSION - p. 2601 484. 259. Probiotics - p. 2603.e8 485. Part V. Prevention of Infectious Diseases - p. 2608.e3 486. 260. Health Care–Associated Infections - p. 2610 487. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND - p. 2610 488. SPREAD OF COMMUNICABLE INFECTIONS IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES - p. 2611 489. HEALTH CARE–ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS DUE TO INVASIVE DEVICES AND PROCEDURES - p. 2616 490. HEALTH CARE–ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS CAUSED BY SPECIAL PATHOGENS - p. 2623 491. HEALTH CARE–ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS - p. 2627 492. HEALTH CARE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROGRAMS IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES - p. 2631 493. 261. Antimicrobial Stewardship - p. 2639 494. 262. Active Immunizing Agents - p. 2644 495. ACTIVE IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS: CONSIDERATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS - p. 2644 496. VACCINES RECOMMENDED FOR ROUTINE ADMINISTRATION - p. 2651 497. VACCINES WITH SELECTIVE INDICATIONS FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS - p. 2688 498. 263. Passive Immunization - p. 2707 499. PRINCIPLES OF PASSIVE IMMUNITY - p. 2707 500. PASSIVE IMMUNITY IN BACTERIAL DISEASES - p. 2715 501. PASSIVE IMMUNITY IN VIRAL INFECTIONS - p. 2722 502. SARS-CoV-2 - p. 2735 503. Acknowledgments - p. 2737 504. Section 24. Other Preventive Considerations - p. 2738.e14 505. 264. Public Health Aspects of Infectious Disease Control - p. 2738.e15 506. 265. Infections in Out-of-Home Childcare - p. 2744 507. 266. Animal and Human Bites - p. 2761 508. 267. Bioterrorism - p. 2767 509. Part VI. Approach to the Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases - p. 2773.e2 510. 268. Bacterial Laboratory Diagnosis - p. 2776 511. 269. Fungal Diagnostics for Pediatric Patients - p. 2787 512. 270. Viral Laboratory Diagnosis - p. 2790 513. 271. Parasitic Laboratory Diagnosis - p. 2805.e2 514. Index - p. 1-1
Widely considered the premier text in pediatric infectious diseases, Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 9th Edition, provides authoritative, up-to-date coverage of this rapidly changing field. Extensively revised by Drs. James Cherry, Sheldon L. Kaplan, Gail J. Demmler-Harrison, William J. Steinbach, Peter J. Hotez, and new editor John V. Williams, this two-volume reference delivers the information you need on epidemiology, public health, preventive medicine, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and much more. It serves as a reliable, everyday resource for practicing ID specialists, and an invaluable reference for medical students, residents, and fellows in ID, pediatricians and internists, and others who work with neonates, children, and adolescents or in public health.
1. INTRODUCTION - p. 706 2. Timing of Infection After Transplant - p. 707 3. PRETRANSPLANT EVALUATION - p. 707 4. SELECTED PATHOGENS - p. 708 5. 74. Opportunistic Infections in Liver and Intestinal Transplantation - p. 720 6. 75. Infections in Renal Transplantation - p. 732 7. 76. Infections Related to Prosthetic or Artificial Devices - p. 744 8. INTERACTION OF THE HOST WITH A PROSTHETIC DEVICE - p. 744 9. INTERACTION OF MICROORGANISMS WITH A PROSTHETIC DEVICE - p. 744 10. TISSUE EXPANDERS - p. 745 11. COCHLEAR IMPLANTS - p. 745 12. OCULAR PROSTHESES - p. 746 13. LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES - p. 747 14. EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION CIRCUITS - p. 748 15. PERMANENT CARDIAC PACEMAKER AND IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR INFECTIONS - p. 749 16. PROSTHETIC JOINT AND ORTHOPEDIC IMPLANT INFECTIONS - p. 751 17. CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SHUNTS - p. 754 18. INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE MONITORS - p. 759 19. INTRATHECAL PUMP INFUSION DEVICES - p. 761 20. 77. Infections in Burn Patients - p. 762 21. Section 15. Unclassified Infectious Diseases - p. 776.e3 22. 78. Kawasaki Disease - p. 777 23. HISTORY - p. 777 24. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 778 25. ETIOLOGY - p. 780 26. Genetic Susceptibility - p. 780 27. PATHOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS - p. 780 28. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 782 29. INCOMPLETE KAWASAKI DISEASE - p. 783 30. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 784 31. LABORATORY FINDINGS - p. 785 32. MANAGEMENT - p. 786 33. COMPLICATIONS - p. 788 34. LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP AND PROGNOSIS - p. 789 35. 79. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease) - p. 792 36. Part III. Infections With Specific Microorganisms - p. 796.e2 37. Bacterial Infections - p. 796.e2 38. 80. Staphylococcus aureus Infections (Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci) - p. 798 39. 81. Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Infections - p. 812 40. 82. Group A, Group C, and Group G β-Hemolytic Streptococcal Infections - p. 819 41. 83. Group B Streptococcal Infections - p. 830 42. 84. Enterococcal and Viridans Streptococcal Infections - p. 843 43. 85. Pneumococcal Infections - p. 866 44. 86. Miscellaneous Gram-Positive Cocci - p. 905 45. 87. Moraxella catarrhalis - p. 908.e2 46. 88. Meningococcal Disease - p. 914 47. 89. Gonococcal Infections - p. 929.e5 48. 90. Diphtheria - p. 946 49. 91. Anthrax - p. 956 50. 92. Bacillus cereus and Other Bacillus Species - p. 960 51. 93. Arcanobacterium haemolyticum - p. 964.e3 52. 94. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae - p. 969 53. 95. Listeriosis - p. 970 54. 96. Tuberculosis - p. 975.e3 55. 97. Other Mycobacteria - p. 1009 56. 98. Leprosy and Buruli Ulcer: The Major Cutaneous Mycobacterioses - p. 1017 57. 99. Nocardia - p. 1037 58. 100. Corynebacterium and Rhodococcus - p. 1041 59. 101. Citrobacter - p. 1045 60. 102. Enterobacter - p. 1049.e3 61. 103. Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli - p. 1054 62. 104. Diarrhea-Causing and Dysentery-Causing Escherichia coli - p. 1060.e3 63. 105. Klebsiella - p. 1073 64. 106. Morganella morganii - p. 1079 65. 107. Proteus - p. 1080.e3 66. 108. Providencia - p. 1083.e2 67. 109. Shigella - p. 1085 68. 110. Serratia - p. 1098 69. 111. Salmonella - p. 1101 70. 112. Plague (Yersinia pestis) - p. 1117.e9 71. 113. Other Yersinia Species - p. 1122 72. 114. Miscellaneous Enterobacteriaceae - p. 1134.e4 73. 115. Aeromonas - p. 1138.e3 74. 116. Pasteurella multocida - p. 1144 75. 117. Cholera - p. 1147 76. 118. Vibrio parahaemolyticus - p. 1153.e3 77. 119. Vibrio vulnificus - p. 1157 78. 120. Miscellaneous Non-Enterobacteriaceae Fermentative Bacilli - p. 1160 79. 121. Acinetobacter - p. 1165.e3 80. 122. Achromobacter (Alcaligenes) - p. 1170 81. 123. Eikenella corrodens - p. 1173 82. 124. Elizabethkingia and Chryseobacterium Species - p. 1175 83. 125. Pseudomonas and Related Genera - p. 1178 84. 126. Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia - p. 1198 85. 127. Aggregatibacter Species - p. 1200.e4 86. 128. Brucellosis - p. 1202 87. 129. Pertussis and Other Bordetella Infections - p. 1206 88. 130. Donovanosis (Granuloma inguinale) - p. 1225 89. 131. Campylobacter Species - p. 1228 90. 132. Tularemia - p. 1243.e11 91. 133. Haemophilus influenzae - p. 1250 92. 134. Other Haemophilus Species (ducreyi, haemolyticus, influenzae biogroup aegyptius, and parainfluenzae) - p. 1268 93. 135. Helicobacter pylori - p. 1273.e3 94. 136. Kingella kingae - p. 1279.e3 95. 137. Legionnaires's Disease, Pontiac Fever, and Related Illnesses - p. 1285 96. 138. Q Fever - p. 1294 97. 139. Streptobacillus moniliformis (Rat-Bite Fever) - p. 1297 98. 140. Bartonella Infections - p. 1302.e3 99. 141. Lyme Disease - p. 1309 100. 142. Relapsing Fever - p. 1316 101. 143. Leptospirosis - p. 1320 102. 144. Spirillum minus (Rat-Bite Fever) - p. 1332 103. 145. Syphilis - p. 1333 104. 146. Nonvenereal Treponematoses - p. 1350.e3 105. 147. Clostridial Intoxication and Infection - p. 1357.e2 106. 148. Infant Botulism - p. 1365 107. 149. Tetanus - p. 1371 108. 150. Actinomycosis - p. 1379.e3 109. 151. Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, and Porphyromonas - p. 1383 110. VOLUME TWO - p. 1392.e2 111. Viral Infections - p. 1392.e2 112. Subsection I. DNA—Parvoviridae - p. 1392.e2 113. 152. Human Parvovirus B19 - p. 1393 114. HISTORY - p. 1393 115. PROPERTIES OF THE VIRUS - p. 1394 116. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1394 117. PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY - p. 1395 118. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1396 119. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 1402 120. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1402 121. TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS - p. 1402 122. PREVENTION - p. 1403 123. 153. Human Bocaviruses - p. 1404.e10 124. Subsection II. DNA—Polyomaviridae - p. 1408.e3 125. 154. Human Polyomaviruses - p. 1408.e4 126. 155. Human Papillomaviruses - p. 1414 127. HISTORY - p. 1414 128. VIROLOGY - p. 1414 129. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1416 130. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1416 131. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS - p. 1422 132. TREATMENT - p. 1423 133. PREVENTION - p. 1424 134. FUTURE DIRECTIONS - p. 1427 135. Subsection III. DNA—Adenoviridae - p. 1429.e7 136. 156. Adenoviruses - p. 1429 137. HISTORY - p. 1429 138. PROPERTIES OF THE VIRUS - p. 1430 139. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1432 140. PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY - p. 1433 141. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1435 142. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1445 143. TREATMENT - p. 1446 144. PREVENTION - p. 1448 145. PROGNOSIS - p. 1448 146. Subsection IV. DNA—Hepatoviridae - p. 1449.e13 147. 157. Hepatitis B and D Viruses - p. 1450 148. Subsection V. DNA—Herpesviridae - p. 1467.e4 149. 158. Herpes Simplex Viruses 1 and 2 - p. 1467 150. THE VIRUSES - p. 1467 151. TRANSMISSION - p. 1468 152. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1470 153. PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY - p. 1471 154. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1473 155. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1486 156. PROGNOSIS, COMPLICATIONS, AND SEQUELAE - p. 1489 157. POSTINFECTIOUS ENCEPHALITIS - p. 1489 158. TREATMENT - p. 1489 159. Acknowledgments - p. 1497 160. 159. Cytomegalovirus - p. 1498 161. HISTORY - p. 1498 162. VIROLOGY - p. 1498 163. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1499 164. PATHOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, AND IMMUNITY - p. 1502 165. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1503 166. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS - p. 1510 167. TREATMENT - p. 1513 168. PREVENTION - p. 1515 169. 160. Epstein-Barr Virus - p. 1520 170. HISTORY - p. 1520 171. VIROLOGY - p. 1520 172. IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS - p. 1522 173. HISTOPATHOLOGY - p. 1524 174. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1524 175. TRANSMISSION - p. 1525 176. NONMALIGNANT CLINICAL SYNDROMES ASSOCIATED WITH EBV INFECTION - p. 1526 177. COMPLICATIONS OF INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS - p. 1528 178. MALIGNANT DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS - p. 1531 179. DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS - p. 1533 180. TREATMENT - p. 1536 181. PROGNOSIS - p. 1538 182. PREVENTION - p. 1538 183. 161. Human Herpesviruses 6A, 6B, 7, and 8 - p. 1541 184. 162. Varicella Zoster Virus - p. 1546 185. Subsection VI. DNA—Poxviridae - p. 1554.e5 186. 163. Smallpox (Variola Virus) - p. 1555 187. 164. Monkeypox and Other Poxviruses - p. 1560 188. 165. Mimiviruses - p. 1569 189. Subsection I. RNA—Picornaviridae - p. 1571.e1 190. 166. Enteroviruses, Parechoviruses, and Saffold Viruses - p. 1572 191. HISTORY - p. 1572 192. THE VIRUSES - p. 1572 193. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1577 194. PATHOGENESIS - p. 1579 195. PATHOLOGY - p. 1580 196. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: NONPOLIO ENTEROVIRUSES, PARECHOVIRUSES, AND SAFFOLD VIRUSES - p. 1582 197. NEONATAL INFECTIONS - p. 1606 198. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: POLIOVIRUS - p. 1610 199. DIAGNOSIS AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 1613 200. TREATMENT - p. 1614 201. PREVENTION - p. 1616 202. Acknowledgments - p. 1617 203. 167. Rhinoviruses - p. 1621 204. 168. Hepatitis A Virus - p. 1635 205. Subsection II. RNA—Caliciviridae - p. 1643.e5 206. 169. Caliciviruses - p. 1643 207. 170. Hepatitis E Virus - p. 1650 208. Subsection III. RNA—Reoviridae - p. 1656.e4 209. 171. Reoviruses - p. 1657 210. 172. Orbiviruses, Coltiviruses, and Seadornaviruses: Colorado Tick Fever, Banna Virus, and Others - p. 1660.e2 211. 173. Rotavirus - p. 1665 212. Subsection IV. RNA—Togaviridae - p. 1675.e5 213. 174. Rubella Virus - p. 1676 214. HISTORY - p. 1676 215. PROPERTIES - p. 1676 216. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1677 217. PATHOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS - p. 1682 218. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1685 219. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1692 220. TREATMENT - p. 1693 221. PREVENTION - p. 1694 222. 175. Eastern Equine Encephalitis - p. 1697 223. 176. Western Equine Encephalitis - p. 1701.e2 224. 177. Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis - p. 1707 225. 178. Chikungunya - p. 1711.e2 226. 179. Ross River Virus Arthritis - p. 1718.e3 227. 180. Other Alphaviral Infections - p. 1721 228. Subsection V. Flaviviridae - p. 1723 229. 181. St. Louis Encephalitis - p. 1724 230. 182. West Nile Virus - p. 1729.e2 231. 183. Yellow Fever - p. 1738.e4 232. 184. Dengue, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, and Severe Dengue - p. 1743 233. 185. Japanese Encephalitis - p. 1754 234. 186. Murray Valley Encephalitis - p. 1760.e3 235. 187. Tick-Borne Encephalitis - p. 1762 236. 188. Zika Virus Infections - p. 1769 237. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1769 238. VIROLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS - p. 1775 239. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND COMPLICATIONS - p. 1778 240. ZIKV DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT, THERAPEUTICS, AND PREVENTION - p. 1790 241. EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH ZIKV - p. 1795 242. ZIKV PREVENTION: VECTOR CONTROL, VACCINES, AND OTHER CHALLENGES - p. 1796 243. CONCLUSION - p. 1799 244. 189. Other Less Commonly Recognized Flaviviruses - p. 1802.e10 245. 190. Hepatitis C Virus - p. 1806 246. Subsection VI. Orthomyxoviridae - p. 1810.e2 247. 191. Influenza Viruses - p. 1811 248. HISTORY - p. 1811 249. BIOLOGY - p. 1811 250. ECOLOGY - p. 1814 251. SURVEILLANCE - p. 1815 252. EVOLUTION AND ADAPTATION - p. 1815 253. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1816 254. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1819 255. PATHOLOGY - p. 1820 256. PATHOGENESIS - p. 1820 257. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1822 258. MANAGEMENT - p. 1823 259. INFECTION CONTROL - p. 1825 260. VACCINES - p. 1825 261. EFFICACY AND EFFECTIVENESS - p. 1826 262. PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS - p. 1826 263. Subsection VII. Paramyxoviridae - p. 1828.e8 264. 192. Parainfluenza Viruses - p. 1828.e9 265. 193. Measles Virus - p. 1837 266. HISTORY - p. 1837 267. PROPERTIES - p. 1837 268. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1839 269. PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY - p. 1841 270. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1843 271. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 1851 272. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1851 273. TREATMENT - p. 1851 274. PREVENTION - p. 1852 275. 194. Mumps Virus - p. 1855 276. 195. Respiratory Syncytial Virus - p. 1865 277. HISTORY - p. 1865 278. STRUCTURAL AND ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES - p. 1865 279. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1866 280. PATHOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS - p. 1869 281. IMMUNITY AND DISEASE PATHOGENESIS - p. 1870 282. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1872 283. PROGNOSIS - p. 1874 284. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1876 285. TREATMENT - p. 1877 286. PREVENTION - p. 1878 287. Acknowledgment - p. 1881 288. 196. Human Metapneumovirus - p. 1882.e7 289. Subsection VIII. Rhabdoviridae - p. 1889.e6 290. 197. Rabies Virus - p. 1889.e7 291. HISTORY - p. 1889.e7 292. ETIOLOGY - p. 1890 293. TRANSMISSION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 1892 294. COVID-19 AND RABIES - p. 1893 295. PATHOBIOLOGY - p. 1894 296. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 1894 297. DIAGNOSIS - p. 1897 298. PROPHYLAXIS - p. 1898 299. PREEXPOSURE IMMUNIZATION - p. 1902 300. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS - p. 1904 301. Acknowledgments - p. 1904 302. Subsection IX. Arenaviridae and Filoviridae - p. 1905.e5 303. 198. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus - p. 1905 304. 199. Arenaviral Hemorrhagic Fevers - p. 1908 305. 200. Filoviral Hemorrhagic Fever: Marburg and Ebola Virus Fevers - p. 1917 306. Subsection X. Coronaviridae and Torovirdae - p. 1933.e4 307. 201. Human Coronaviruses - p. 1934 308. Subsection XI. Bunyaviridae - p. 1946.e5 309. 202. Hantaviruses - p. 1947 310. 203. La Crosse Virus and Other California Serogroup Viruses - p. 1960 311. 204. Rift Valley Fever - p. 1971 312. 205. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever - p. 1974 313. 206. Phlebotomus Fever (Sandfly Fever) - p. 1977.e3 314. 207. Oropouche Fever - p. 1980 315. 208. Toscana Virus - p. 1985 316. Subsection XII. Retroviridae - p. 1988.e2 317. 209. Oncoviruses (Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses) and Lentiviruses (Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2) - p. 1989 318. CLASSIFICATION - p. 1989 319. ONCOVIRUSES: HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPES - p. 1995 320. LENTIVIRUSES: HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 2 - p. 2011 321. 210. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - p. 2017 322. Epidemiology of Pediatric HIV Infection - p. 2017 323. Staging of Pediatric HIV Infection - p. 2018 324. Transmission And Prevention - p. 2018 325. Etiology - p. 2021 326. Pathogenesis - p. 2021 327. Clinical Manifestations - p. 2022 328. Complications - p. 2028 329. Diagnosis of HIV Infection In Infants And Children - p. 2032 330. Immunologic And Clinical Monitoring of Children Living With HIV - p. 2032 331. Treatment - p. 2033 332. CAPSID INHIBITORS - p. 2034 333. Subsection XIII. Prion-Related Diseases - p. 2039.e6 334. 211. Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease, Kuru, Fatal Familial Insomnia, New Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Sporadic Fatal Insomnia, Variably Protease Sensitive Prionopathy) - p. 2040 335. Section 18. Chlamydia - p. 2054.e5 336. 212. Chlamydia Infections - p. 2055 337. Section 19. Rickettsial Diseases - p. 2064.e3 338. 213. Rickettsial and Ehrlichial Diseases - p. 2065 339. Section 20. Mycoplasma - p. 2080.e3 340. 214. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma Infections - p. 2081 341. HISTORY - p. 2081 342. CLASSIFICATION - p. 2081 343. MYCOPLASMOIDES PNEUMONIAE - p. 2082 344. UREAPLASMA - p. 2098 345. METAMYCOPLASMA HOMINIS - p. 2102 346. MYCOPLASMOIDES GENITALIUM - p. 2103 347. MYCOPLASMOPSIS FERMENTANS - p. 2103 348. MALACOPLASMA PENETRANS - p. 2104 349. DIAGNOSIS OF GENITAL MYCOPLASMAS - p. 2104 350. OTHER MYCOPLASMA SPECIES AND MYCOPLASMA RELATIONSHIPS - p. 2104 351. TREATMENT OF GENITAL MYCOPLASMAS - p. 2105 352. PREVENTION OF GENITAL MYCOPLASMAS - p. 2106 353. Section 21. Fungal Diseases - p. 2110.e26 354. 215. Aspergillosis - p. 2111 355. 216. Blastomycosis - p. 2125 356. 217. Candidiasis - p. 2136 357. ORGANISM - p. 2137 358. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 2137 359. RISK FACTORS - p. 2138 360. PATHOGENESIS - p. 2138 361. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 2140 362. DIAGNOSIS - p. 2143 363. ANTIFUNGAL PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT - p. 2144 364. NEONATAL CANDIDIASIS - p. 2148 365. 218. Coccidioidomycosis - p. 2157 366. 219. Paracoccidioidomycosis - p. 2167 367. THE ORGANISM - p. 2167 368. TRANSMISSION - p. 2168 369. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 2168 370. PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY - p. 2170 371. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 2172 372. DIAGNOSIS - p. 2174 373. TREATMENT - p. 2176 374. PROGNOSIS - p. 2177 375. Acknowledgments - p. 2178 376. 220. Cryptococcosis - p. 2180 377. 221. Histoplasmosis - p. 2189 378. ORGANISM - p. 2189 379. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 2189 380. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 2190 381. PATHOLOGY - p. 2191 382. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS - p. 2192 383. RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS - p. 2197 384. DIAGNOSIS - p. 2198 385. TREATMENT - p. 2201 386. PROGNOSIS - p. 2204 387. PREVENTION - p. 2204 388. 222. Sporotrichosis - p. 2206 389. 223. Mucormycosis and Entomophthoramycosis - p. 2209.e3 390. 224. Fusariosis and Scedosporiosis - p. 2219 391. 225. Miscellaneous Mycoses - p. 2223 392. Parasitic Diseases - p. 2228.e2 393. Subsection I. Protozoa - p. 2228.e2 394. 226. Amebiasis - p. 2229 395. 227. Blastocystis hominis and Blastocystis spp. Infection - p. 2235 396. 228. Entamoeba coli Infection - p. 2237 397. 229. Giardiasis - p. 2238 398. 230. Dientamoeba fragilis Infections - p. 2242 399. 231. Trichomonas Infections - p. 2244.e3 400. 232. Balantidium coli Infection - p. 2249 401. 233. Cryptosporidiosis - p. 2250.e2 402. 234. Cyclosporiasis, Cystoisosporiasis, and Microsporidiosis - p. 2256 403. 235. Babesiosis - p. 2262.e5 404. 236. Malaria - p. 2268.e3 405. 237. Leishmaniasis - p. 2291.e4 406. 238. Trypanosomiasis - p. 2301 407. 239. Naegleria, Acanthamoeba, and Balamuthia Infections - p. 2315 408. 240. Toxoplasmosis - p. 2324.e3 409. 241. Pneumocystis Pneumonia - p. 2341 410. Subsection II. Nematodes - p. 2346.e3 411. 242. Parasitic Nematode Infections - p. 2347 412. Subsection III. Cestodes - p. 2360.e5 413. 243. Cestodes - p. 2361 414. Overview of Cestodes and their Importance for Children - p. 2361 415. Taenia Saginata (Beef Tapeworm) Infection - p. 2361 416. Taenia Asiatica (Asian Pork Tapeworm) - p. 2362 417. Taenia Solium - p. 2363 418. Coenurosis (Taenia Multiceps, Others) and Cysticercosis Caused by Taenia Crassiceps - p. 2368 419. Dibothriocephalus Spp. and Adenocephalus Spp. (Fish Tapeworm) - p. 2368 420. Dipylidium Caninum (Dog Tapeworm) - p. 2369 421. Hymenolepis Nana (Dwarf Tapeworm) - p. 2370 422. Hymenolepis Diminuta (Rat Tapeworm) - p. 2371 423. Sparganosis (Intermediate-Stage Spirometra Species Infection) - p. 2371 424. Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato and Related Species (Cystic Hydatid Disease) - p. 2371 425. Other Echinococcus Species - p. 2374 426. Subsection IV. Trematodes - p. 2375.e7 427. 244. Foodborne Trematodes - p. 2376 428. 245. Schistosomiasis - p. 2386 429. Subsection V. Arthropods - p. 2394 430. 246. Arthropods - p. 2395 431. Section 23. Global Health - p. 2402.e2 432. 247. Global Health - p. 2403 433. 248. International Travel Considerations for Children - p. 2412 434. PEDIATRIC TRAVELERS VISITING FRIENDS AND RELATIVES - p. 2413 435. PRETRAVEL CONSULTATIONS FOR CHILDREN - p. 2413 436. PEDIATRIC TRAVELERS AND HEALTH RISKS ABROAD - p. 2413 437. GENERAL APPROACH TO PRETRAVEL ASSESSMENT FOR CHILDREN - p. 2413 438. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR MEDICAL HISTORY - p. 2413 439. THE TRAVEL ITINERARY - p. 2414 440. VACCINATION FOR INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL - p. 2414 441. PREVENTION OF TRAVELERS’ DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN - p. 2426 442. PREVENTION OF OTHER INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN PEDIATRIC TRAVELERS - p. 2427 443. EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE DURING TRAVEL - p. 2428 444. RESOURCES FOR PEDIATRIC TRAVELERS - p. 2429 445. Acknowledgments - p. 2429 446. 249. Infectious Disease Considerations in International Adoptees and Refugees - p. 2432 447. Part IV. Therapeutics - p. 2442.e2 448. 250. Antibiotic Resistance - p. 2444 449. Resistance Genetics - p. 2444 450. Resistance to Specific Antibiotics - p. 2445 451. The Intersection of Covid-19 and Antimicrobial Resistance - p. 2462 452. 251. The Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Interface: Determinants of Antiinfective Drug Action and Efficacy in Pediatrics - p. 2464.e12 453. 252. Antibacterial Therapeutic Agents - p. 2481 454. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY - p. 2481 455. AGENTS THAT TARGET THE CELL WALL - p. 2481 456. AGENTS THAT TARGET PROTEIN SYNTHESIS - p. 2496 457. AGENTS THAT TARGET NUCLEIC ACIDS - p. 2507 458. SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS - p. 2510 459. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS - p. 2515 460. 253. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis - p. 2518 461. 254. Outpatient Intravenous Antimicrobial Therapy for Serious Infections - p. 2528.e3 462. 255. Antiviral Agents - p. 2534 463. Antiviral Agents Active Against RNA Viruses - p. 2535 464. Antiviral Agents Active Against DNA Viruses - p. 2545 465. 256. Antifungal Agents - p. 2556 466. AGENTS FOR TREATMENT OF INVASIVE MYCOSES - p. 2556 467. Agents for Systemic Treatment of Mycoses of the Skin and Its Appendages - p. 2582 468. TOPICAL ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS - p. 2584 469. FUTURE DIRECTIONS - p. 2585 470. 257. Drugs for Parasitic Infections - p. 2588.e18 471. 258. Immunomodulating Agents - p. 2589 472. MICROBIOME - p. 2589 473. VACCINATIONS AND VACCINES - p. 2589 474. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES - p. 2590 475. CYTOKINES - p. 2593 476. INTERFERONS - p. 2597 477. TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS - p. 2598 478. NEUTROPHILS AND COMPLEMENT - p. 2599 479. BACTERICIDAL/PERMEABILITY-INCREASING FACTOR, DEFENSINS, AND NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS (NETs) - p. 2599 480. PLATELET-ACTIVATING FACTOR - p. 2600 481. NITRIC OXIDE - p. 2600 482. NANOTECHONOLOGY AND OTHER NOVEL TECHNIQUES - p. 2601 483. CONCLUSION - p. 2601 484. 259. Probiotics - p. 2603.e8 485. Part V. Prevention of Infectious Diseases - p. 2608.e3 486. 260. Health Care–Associated Infections - p. 2610 487. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND - p. 2610 488. SPREAD OF COMMUNICABLE INFECTIONS IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES - p. 2611 489. HEALTH CARE–ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS DUE TO INVASIVE DEVICES AND PROCEDURES - p. 2616 490. HEALTH CARE–ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS CAUSED BY SPECIAL PATHOGENS - p. 2623 491. HEALTH CARE–ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS - p. 2627 492. HEALTH CARE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROGRAMS IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES - p. 2631 493. 261. Antimicrobial Stewardship - p. 2639 494. 262. Active Immunizing Agents - p. 2644 495. ACTIVE IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS: CONSIDERATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS - p. 2644 496. VACCINES RECOMMENDED FOR ROUTINE ADMINISTRATION - p. 2651 497. VACCINES WITH SELECTIVE INDICATIONS FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS - p. 2688 498. 263. Passive Immunization - p. 2707 499. PRINCIPLES OF PASSIVE IMMUNITY - p. 2707 500. PASSIVE IMMUNITY IN BACTERIAL DISEASES - p. 2715 501. PASSIVE IMMUNITY IN VIRAL INFECTIONS - p. 2722 502. SARS-CoV-2 - p. 2735 503. Acknowledgments - p. 2737 504. Section 24. Other Preventive Considerations - p. 2738.e14 505. 264. Public Health Aspects of Infectious Disease Control - p. 2738.e15 506. 265. Infections in Out-of-Home Childcare - p. 2744 507. 266. Animal and Human Bites - p. 2761 508. 267. Bioterrorism - p. 2767 509. Part VI. Approach to the Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases - p. 2773.e2 510. 268. Bacterial Laboratory Diagnosis - p. 2776 511. 269. Fungal Diagnostics for Pediatric Patients - p. 2787 512. 270. Viral Laboratory Diagnosis - p. 2790 513. 271. Parasitic Laboratory Diagnosis - p. 2805.e2 514. Index - p. 1-1
