General and Advanced Duties in Anaesthesia: Prepare for the FRCA
1. Cover image - p. 1 2. Title page - p. 2 3. Table of Contents - p. 3 4. Copyright - p. 8 5. Preface - p. 9 6. About the Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Journal and this e-book - p. 10 7. Assessments - p. 11 8. Section 1: The Perioperative Physician - p. 13 9. Risk modification and preoperative optimization of vascular patients - p. 14 10. Risk assessment in anaesthesia - p. 17 11. Premedication - p. 22 12. Patient selection for day surgery - p. 23 13. Pathophysiology of respiratory disease and its significance to anaesthesia - p. 27 14. Effects of smoking on health and anaesthesia - p. 30 15. Anaesthesia for patients with sickle cell disease (and other haemoglobinopathies) - p. 33 16. Clinical strategies to avoid blood transfusion - p. 35 17. Postoperative analgesia and discharge criteria for day surgery - p. 36 18. Care of the eye during anaesthesia and intensive care - p. 40 19. Eye signs in anaesthesia and intensive care medicine - p. 44 20. Section 2: Anatomy - p. 46 21. Interpreting the chest radiograph - p. 47 22. Ocular anatomy and physiology relevant to anaesthesia - p. 51 23. Anatomy of the epidural space - p. 55 24. The spinal cord and its membranes - p. 58 25. Applied anatomy for upper limb nerve blocks - p. 59 26. The cervical plexus - p. 61 27. The femoral triangle and superficial veins of the leg - p. 62 28. Anatomy of the antecubital fossa - p. 63 29. Central venous cannulation: ultrasound techniques - p. 64 30. Section 3: Physiology - p. 67 31. Crystalloids, colloids, blood, blood products and blood substitutes - p. 68 32. Laboratory tests of renal function - p. 73 33. Fluid and electrolyte problems in renal dysfunction - p. 77 34. Preoperative assessment of the patient with kidney disease - p. 81 35. Respiration: ventilation - p. 85 36. Respiration: control of ventilation - p. 88 37. Measurement of respiratory function: an update on gas exchange - p. 92 38. Section 4: Pharmacology - p. 98 39. Opioid mechanisms and opioid drugs - p. 99 40. Non-opioid analgesics - p. 104 41. Drugs acting on the heart: anti-hypertensive drugs - p. 108 42. Drugs acting on the heart: anti-arrhythmics - p. 111 43. Drugs acting on the heart: heart failure and coronary insufficiency - p. 115 44. Anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics - p. 120 45. Central nervous system stimulants: basic pharmacology and relevance to anaesthesia and critical care - p. 124 46. Drugs and the liver - p. 128 47. Histamine and antihistamines - p. 132 48. Total intravenous anaesthesia - p. 137 49. Section 5: Equipment and Physics - p. 140 50. Anaesthetic records - p. 141 51. Electrical hazards: causes and prevention - p. 144 52. Surgical diathermy - p. 146 53. Suction devices - p. 149 54. Humidification devices - p. 152 55. Medical gases, their storage and delivery - p. 155 56. Physics of ultrasound - p. 158 57. Physical principles of defibrillators - p. 161 58. Disinfection, sterilization and disposables - p. 163 59. Section 6: Orthopaedic Anaesthesia - p. 167 60. Preoperative assessment of the orthopaedic patient - p. 168 61. Anaesthesia for joint replacement surgery - p. 171 62. Anaesthesia for fractured neck of femur - p. 175 63. Procedures under tourniquet - p. 180 64. Anaesthesia for plastic and reconstructive surgery - p. 184 65. Section 7: Trauma - p. 188 66. Anaesthetic priorities in pre-hospital trauma care - p. 189 67. Pain priorities in pre-hospital care - p. 194 68. Management of major trauma - p. 196 69. Anaesthesia outside the theatre environment - p. 197 70. Chest trauma - p. 200 71. Insertion of a chest drain for pneumothorax - p. 204 72. Spinal cord injury - p. 207 73. Management of shock in trauma - p. 211 74. Critical care management of inhalational injury and severe burns - p. 214 75. Drowning and immersion injury - p. 218 76. The metabolic and endocrine response to trauma - p. 222 77. Clinical aspects of coagulation and haemorrhage - p. 226 78. Section 8: Regional Anaesthesia - p. 231 79. Local anaesthetic agents - p. 232 80. Systemic toxic effects of local anaesthetics - p. 236 81. Regional anaesthesia for orthopaedic procedures - p. 239 82. Practical aspects of ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia - p. 244 83. Intravenous regional anaesthesia - p. 248 84. Peripheral nerve catheter techniques - p. 249 85. Upper limb nerve blocks - p. 250 86. Lower limb nerve blocks - p. 254 87. Spinal anaesthesia - p. 258 88. Techniques of epidural block - p. 261 89. Regional anaesthesia in patients taking anticoagulant drugs - p. 265 90. Adjuvant agents in regional anaesthesia - p. 269 91. Complications of regional anaesthesia - p. 273 92. Does regional anaesthesia improve outcome after surgery? - p. 277 93. Local anaesthesia for ocular surgery - p. 281 94. Section 9: Vascular Anaesthesia - p. 284 95. Preoperative assessment of patients for vascular surgery - p. 285 96. Anaesthesia for interventional vascular radiology - p. 289 97. Anaesthesia for vascular surgery on the extremities - p. 293 98. Anaesthesia for abdominal vascular surgery - p. 298 99. Anaesthesia for carotid surgery - p. 302 100. Anaesthesia for vascular emergencies - p. 304 101. Postoperative care and analgesia in vascular surgery - p. 307 102. Section 10: Abdominal and Bariatric Anaesthesia - p. 310 103. Anaesthesia for obesity surgery - p. 311 104. Anaesthesia and minimally invasive surgery - p. 314 105. Anaesthesia for urological surgery - p. 319 106. Recognition and management of phaeochromocytoma - p. 323 107. Section 11: The Sick Patient - p. 327 108. Recognizing the critically ill patient - p. 328 109. Anaesthesia for the elderly - p. 332 110. Obstructive sleep apnoea and anaesthesia - p. 335 111. Anaesthesia for patients with cardiac disease undergoing non-cardiac surgery - p. 340 112. Anaesthetic management of diabetes - p. 344 113. Gastric disorders: modifications of gastric content, antacids and drugs influencing gastric secretions and motility - p. 348 114. Hypovolaemia - p. 351 115. Cardiac arrhythmias in the critically ill - p. 354 116. Neuromuscular disorders: relevance to anaesthesia and intensive care - p. 359 117. Malignant hyperthermia - p. 362 118. A simplified bedside approach to acid–base: fluid physiology utilizing classical and physicochemical approaches - p. 365 119. Section 12: Things That Go Wrong - p. 371 120. Dental damage in anaesthesia - p. 372 121. Anaphylaxis - p. 375 122. Adverse drug reactions - p. 378 123. Critical incidents: the respiratory system - p. 383 124. Cardiovascular system: critical incidents - p. 387 125. Ear, nose and throat emergencies - p. 392 126. Section 13: Transplant - p. 395 127. Anaesthesia for renal transplantation: an update - p. 396 128. Anaesthesia and intensive care for adult liver transplantation - p. 401 129. Cardiopulmonary transplantation: anaesthetic implications - p. 406 130. Section 14: Head and Neck Anaesthesia - p. 411 131. General anaesthesia for dentistry - p. 412 132. Anaesthesia for maxillofacial surgery - p. 416 133. General anaesthesia for ophthalmic surgery - p. 420 134. Anaesthesia for endoscopic surgery - p. 424 135. Alternative techniques for tracheal intubation - p. 427 136. Percutaneous tracheostomy and cricothyrotomy techniques - p. 431 137. Transtracheal jet ventilation - p. 436 138. Airway trauma - p. 439 139. Anaesthesia for facial trauma - p. 442 140. Thyroid disease and thyroid surgery - p. 447 141. Sedation for dental and other procedures - p. 453 142. Flexible fibre-optic intubation - p. 457 143. Section 15: Consent, Negligence and the Law - p. 460 144. Consent - p. 461 145. The ethics of pregnancy testing - p. 465 146. Jehovah’s Witnesses - p. 468 147. Clinical negligence - p. 471 148. The ethics of clinical trials - p. 475
General and Advanced Duties in Anaesthesia: Prepare for the FRCA
1. Cover image - p. 1 2. Title page - p. 2 3. Table of Contents - p. 3 4. Copyright - p. 8 5. Preface - p. 9 6. About the Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Journal and this e-book - p. 10 7. Assessments - p. 11 8. Section 1: The Perioperative Physician - p. 13 9. Risk modification and preoperative optimization of vascular patients - p. 14 10. Risk assessment in anaesthesia - p. 17 11. Premedication - p. 22 12. Patient selection for day surgery - p. 23 13. Pathophysiology of respiratory disease and its significance to anaesthesia - p. 27 14. Effects of smoking on health and anaesthesia - p. 30 15. Anaesthesia for patients with sickle cell disease (and other haemoglobinopathies) - p. 33 16. Clinical strategies to avoid blood transfusion - p. 35 17. Postoperative analgesia and discharge criteria for day surgery - p. 36 18. Care of the eye during anaesthesia and intensive care - p. 40 19. Eye signs in anaesthesia and intensive care medicine - p. 44 20. Section 2: Anatomy - p. 46 21. Interpreting the chest radiograph - p. 47 22. Ocular anatomy and physiology relevant to anaesthesia - p. 51 23. Anatomy of the epidural space - p. 55 24. The spinal cord and its membranes - p. 58 25. Applied anatomy for upper limb nerve blocks - p. 59 26. The cervical plexus - p. 61 27. The femoral triangle and superficial veins of the leg - p. 62 28. Anatomy of the antecubital fossa - p. 63 29. Central venous cannulation: ultrasound techniques - p. 64 30. Section 3: Physiology - p. 67 31. Crystalloids, colloids, blood, blood products and blood substitutes - p. 68 32. Laboratory tests of renal function - p. 73 33. Fluid and electrolyte problems in renal dysfunction - p. 77 34. Preoperative assessment of the patient with kidney disease - p. 81 35. Respiration: ventilation - p. 85 36. Respiration: control of ventilation - p. 88 37. Measurement of respiratory function: an update on gas exchange - p. 92 38. Section 4: Pharmacology - p. 98 39. Opioid mechanisms and opioid drugs - p. 99 40. Non-opioid analgesics - p. 104 41. Drugs acting on the heart: anti-hypertensive drugs - p. 108 42. Drugs acting on the heart: anti-arrhythmics - p. 111 43. Drugs acting on the heart: heart failure and coronary insufficiency - p. 115 44. Anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics - p. 120 45. Central nervous system stimulants: basic pharmacology and relevance to anaesthesia and critical care - p. 124 46. Drugs and the liver - p. 128 47. Histamine and antihistamines - p. 132 48. Total intravenous anaesthesia - p. 137 49. Section 5: Equipment and Physics - p. 140 50. Anaesthetic records - p. 141 51. Electrical hazards: causes and prevention - p. 144 52. Surgical diathermy - p. 146 53. Suction devices - p. 149 54. Humidification devices - p. 152 55. Medical gases, their storage and delivery - p. 155 56. Physics of ultrasound - p. 158 57. Physical principles of defibrillators - p. 161 58. Disinfection, sterilization and disposables - p. 163 59. Section 6: Orthopaedic Anaesthesia - p. 167 60. Preoperative assessment of the orthopaedic patient - p. 168 61. Anaesthesia for joint replacement surgery - p. 171 62. Anaesthesia for fractured neck of femur - p. 175 63. Procedures under tourniquet - p. 180 64. Anaesthesia for plastic and reconstructive surgery - p. 184 65. Section 7: Trauma - p. 188 66. Anaesthetic priorities in pre-hospital trauma care - p. 189 67. Pain priorities in pre-hospital care - p. 194 68. Management of major trauma - p. 196 69. Anaesthesia outside the theatre environment - p. 197 70. Chest trauma - p. 200 71. Insertion of a chest drain for pneumothorax - p. 204 72. Spinal cord injury - p. 207 73. Management of shock in trauma - p. 211 74. Critical care management of inhalational injury and severe burns - p. 214 75. Drowning and immersion injury - p. 218 76. The metabolic and endocrine response to trauma - p. 222 77. Clinical aspects of coagulation and haemorrhage - p. 226 78. Section 8: Regional Anaesthesia - p. 231 79. Local anaesthetic agents - p. 232 80. Systemic toxic effects of local anaesthetics - p. 236 81. Regional anaesthesia for orthopaedic procedures - p. 239 82. Practical aspects of ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia - p. 244 83. Intravenous regional anaesthesia - p. 248 84. Peripheral nerve catheter techniques - p. 249 85. Upper limb nerve blocks - p. 250 86. Lower limb nerve blocks - p. 254 87. Spinal anaesthesia - p. 258 88. Techniques of epidural block - p. 261 89. Regional anaesthesia in patients taking anticoagulant drugs - p. 265 90. Adjuvant agents in regional anaesthesia - p. 269 91. Complications of regional anaesthesia - p. 273 92. Does regional anaesthesia improve outcome after surgery? - p. 277 93. Local anaesthesia for ocular surgery - p. 281 94. Section 9: Vascular Anaesthesia - p. 284 95. Preoperative assessment of patients for vascular surgery - p. 285 96. Anaesthesia for interventional vascular radiology - p. 289 97. Anaesthesia for vascular surgery on the extremities - p. 293 98. Anaesthesia for abdominal vascular surgery - p. 298 99. Anaesthesia for carotid surgery - p. 302 100. Anaesthesia for vascular emergencies - p. 304 101. Postoperative care and analgesia in vascular surgery - p. 307 102. Section 10: Abdominal and Bariatric Anaesthesia - p. 310 103. Anaesthesia for obesity surgery - p. 311 104. Anaesthesia and minimally invasive surgery - p. 314 105. Anaesthesia for urological surgery - p. 319 106. Recognition and management of phaeochromocytoma - p. 323 107. Section 11: The Sick Patient - p. 327 108. Recognizing the critically ill patient - p. 328 109. Anaesthesia for the elderly - p. 332 110. Obstructive sleep apnoea and anaesthesia - p. 335 111. Anaesthesia for patients with cardiac disease undergoing non-cardiac surgery - p. 340 112. Anaesthetic management of diabetes - p. 344 113. Gastric disorders: modifications of gastric content, antacids and drugs influencing gastric secretions and motility - p. 348 114. Hypovolaemia - p. 351 115. Cardiac arrhythmias in the critically ill - p. 354 116. Neuromuscular disorders: relevance to anaesthesia and intensive care - p. 359 117. Malignant hyperthermia - p. 362 118. A simplified bedside approach to acid–base: fluid physiology utilizing classical and physicochemical approaches - p. 365 119. Section 12: Things That Go Wrong - p. 371 120. Dental damage in anaesthesia - p. 372 121. Anaphylaxis - p. 375 122. Adverse drug reactions - p. 378 123. Critical incidents: the respiratory system - p. 383 124. Cardiovascular system: critical incidents - p. 387 125. Ear, nose and throat emergencies - p. 392 126. Section 13: Transplant - p. 395 127. Anaesthesia for renal transplantation: an update - p. 396 128. Anaesthesia and intensive care for adult liver transplantation - p. 401 129. Cardiopulmonary transplantation: anaesthetic implications - p. 406 130. Section 14: Head and Neck Anaesthesia - p. 411 131. General anaesthesia for dentistry - p. 412 132. Anaesthesia for maxillofacial surgery - p. 416 133. General anaesthesia for ophthalmic surgery - p. 420 134. Anaesthesia for endoscopic surgery - p. 424 135. Alternative techniques for tracheal intubation - p. 427 136. Percutaneous tracheostomy and cricothyrotomy techniques - p. 431 137. Transtracheal jet ventilation - p. 436 138. Airway trauma - p. 439 139. Anaesthesia for facial trauma - p. 442 140. Thyroid disease and thyroid surgery - p. 447 141. Sedation for dental and other procedures - p. 453 142. Flexible fibre-optic intubation - p. 457 143. Section 15: Consent, Negligence and the Law - p. 460 144. Consent - p. 461 145. The ethics of pregnancy testing - p. 465 146. Jehovah’s Witnesses - p. 468 147. Clinical negligence - p. 471 148. The ethics of clinical trials - p. 475
