Goldman-Cecil Medicine

1. Introduction - p. 1 2. 1. Approach to Medicine, the Patient, and the Medical Profession: Medicine as a Learned and Humane Profession - p. 2 3. 2. Bioethics in the Practice of Medicine - p. 4 4. 3. Palliative Care - p. 10 5. 4. Disparities in Health and Health Care - p. 15 6. 5. Global Health - p. 19 7. Section II. Principles of Evaluation and Management - p. 21.e2 8. Introduction - p. 23 9. 6. Approach to the Patient: History and Physical Examination - p. 24 10. 7. Approach to the Patient with Abnormal Vital Signs - p. 28 11. 8. Statistical Interpretation of Data and Using Data for Clinical Decisions - p. 31 12. 9. Measuring Health and Health Care - p. 35 13. 10. Quality, Safety, and Value - p. 39 14. 11. Comprehensive Chronic Disease Management - p. 42 15. Section III. Preventive and Environmental Issues - p. 45.e2 16. Introduction - p. 47 17. 12. The Periodic Health Examination - p. 48 18. 13. Physical Activity - p. 52 19. 14. Adolescent Medicine - p. 55 20. 15. Immunization - p. 59 21. 16. Principles of Occupational and Environmental Medicine - p. 74 22. 17. Radiation Injury - p. 78 23. 18. Bioterrorism - p. 82 24. 19. Chronic Poisoning: Trace Metals and Others - p. 87 25. Section IV. Aging and Geriatric Medicine - p. 93.e2 26. Introduction - p. 95 27. 20. Epidemiology of Aging: Implications of an Aging Society - p. 96 28. 21. Geriatric Assessment - p. 98 29. 22. Common Clinical Sequelae of Aging - p. 102 30. 23. Urinary Incontinence - p. 105 31. 24. Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Aging - p. 109 32. 25. Delirium in the Older Patient - p. 113 33. Section V. Clinical Pharmacology - p. 117.e2 34. Introduction - p. 119 35. 26. Principles of Drug Therapy - p. 120 36. 27. Pain - p. 128 37. 28. Biology of Addiction - p. 137 38. 29. Nicotine and Tobacco - p. 139 39. 30. Alcohol Use Disorders - p. 143 40. 31. Drugs of Abuse - p. 150 41. 32. Immunomodulatory Drugs - p. 156 42. 33. Biologic Agents and Signaling Inhibitors - p. 161 43. 34. Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Medicine - p. 166 44. Section VI. Genetics - p. 168.e2 45. Introduction - p. 169 46. 35. Principles of Genetics - p. 170 47. 36. Clinical Genomics—Genome Structure and Variation - p. 173 48. 37. Applications of Molecular Technologies to Clinical Medicine - p. 179 49. 38. Regenerative Medicine, Cell, and Gene Therapies - p. 183 50. Section VII. Principles of Immunology and Inflammation - p. 195.e2 51. Introduction - p. 197 52. 39. The Innate Immune System - p. 198 53. 40. The Adaptive Immune System - p. 203 54. 41. Mechanisms of Immune-Mediated Tissue Injury - p. 208 55. 42. Mechanisms of Inflammation and Tissue Repair - p. 212 56. 43. Transplantation Immunology - p. 216 57. 44. Complement System in Disease - p. 220 58. Section VIII. Cardiovascular Disease - p. 226 59. Introduction - p. 227 60. 45. Approach to the Patient with Possible Cardiovascular Disease - p. 228 61. 46. Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease - p. 237 62. 47. Cardiac and Circulatory Function - p. 241 63. 48. Electrocardiography - p. 246 64. 49. Echocardiography - p. 253 65. 50. Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging - p. 261 66. 51. Catheterization and Angiography - p. 270 67. 52. Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis - p. 275 68. 53. Heart Failure: Management and Prognosis - p. 281 69. 54. Diseases of the Myocardium and Endocardium - p. 297 70. 55. Principles of Electrophysiology - p. 314 71. 56. Approach to the Patient with Suspected Arrhythmia - p. 318 72. 57. Approach to Cardiac Arrest and Life-Threatening Arrhythmias - p. 327 73. 58. Supraventricular Cardiac Arrhythmias - p. 331 74. 59. Ventricular Arrhythmias - p. 343 75. 60. Electrophysiologic Interventional Procedures and Surgery - p. 351 76. 61. Congenital Heart Disease in Adults - p. 357 77. 62. Angina Pectoris and Stable Ischemic Heart Disease - p. 366 78. 63. Acute Coronary Syndrome: Unstable Angina and Non–ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction - p. 379 79. 64. ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction and Complications of Myocardial Infarction - p. 388 80. 65. Interventional and Surgical Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease - p. 401 81. 66. Valvular Heart Disease - p. 406 82. 67. Infective Endocarditis - p. 419 83. 68. Pericardial Diseases - p. 428 84. Section IX. Vascular Medicine - p. 436.e1 85. Introduction - p. 437 86. 69. Diseases of the Aorta - p. 438 87. 70. Arterial Hypertension - p. 443 88. 71. Atherosclerotic Peripheral Arterial Disease - p. 456 89. 72. Other Peripheral Arterial Diseases - p. 461 90. 73. Thrombotic Disorders: Hypercoagulable States - p. 469 91. 74. Venous Thrombosis and Embolism - p. 476 92. 75. Pulmonary Hypertension - p. 487 93. 76. Antithrombotic and Antiplatelet Therapy - p. 495 94. Section X. Respiratory Diseases - p. 502.e1 95. Introduction - p. 503 96. 77. Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Disease - p. 504 97. 78. Imaging in Pulmonary Disease - p. 510 98. 79. Respiratory Testing and Function - p. 518 99. 80. Disorders of Ventilatory Control - p. 524 100. 81. Asthma - p. 527 101. 82. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - p. 535 102. 83. Cystic Fibrosis - p. 544 103. 84. Bronchiectasis, Atelectasis, Cysts, and Localized Lung Disorders - p. 548 104. 85. Alveolar Filling Disorders - p. 552 105. 86. Interstitial Lung Disease - p. 557 106. 87. Occupational Lung Disease - p. 570 107. 88. Physical and Chemical Injuries of the Lung - p. 577 108. 89. Sarcoidosis - p. 585 109. 90. Acute Bronchitis and Tracheitis - p. 590 110. 91. Overview of Pneumonia - p. 592 111. 92. Diseases of the Diaphragm, Chest Wall, Pleura, and Mediastinum - p. 602 112. 93. Interventional and Surgical Approaches to Lung Disease - p. 612 113. Section XI. Critical Care Medicine - p. 617.e2 114. Introduction - p. 619 115. 94. Approach to the Patient in a Critical Care Setting - p. 620 116. 95. Respiratory Monitoring in Critical Care - p. 622 117. 96. Acute Respiratory Failure - p. 625 118. 97. Mechanical Ventilation - p. 635 119. 98. Approach to the Patient with Shock - p. 641 120. 99. Cardiogenic Shock - p. 648 121. 100. Shock Syndromes Related to Sepsis - p. 651 122. 101. Disorders Due to Heat and Cold - p. 659 123. 102. Acute Poisoning - p. 664 124. 103. Medical Aspects of Trauma and Burns - p. 679 125. 104. Envenomation, Bites, and Stings - p. 685 126. 105. Rhabdomyolysis - p. 694 127. Section XII. Renal and Genitourinary Diseases - p. 698.e2 128. Introduction - p. 699 129. 106. Approach to the Patient with Renal Disease - p. 700 130. 107. Structure and Function of the Kidneys - p. 709 131. 108. Disorders of Sodium and Water - p. 712 132. 109. Potassium Disorders - p. 724 133. 110. Acid-Base Disorders - p. 731 134. 111. Disorders of Magnesium and Phosphorus - p. 744 135. 112. Acute Kidney Injury - p. 748 136. 113. Glomerular Disorders and Nephrotic Syndromes - p. 753 137. 114. Tubulointerstitial Diseases - p. 764 138. 115. Diabetes and the Kidney - p. 769 139. 116. Vascular Disorders of the Kidney - p. 772 140. 117. Nephrolithiasis - p. 776 141. 118. Cystic Kidney Diseases - p. 781 142. 119. Hereditary Nephropathies and Developmental Abnormalities of the Urinary Tract - p. 788 143. 120. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostatitis - p. 793 144. 121. Chronic Kidney Disease - p. 799 145. 122. Treatment of Irreversible Renal Failure - p. 804 146. Section XIII. Gastrointestinal Diseases - p. 811.e1 147. Introduction - p. 813 148. 123. Approach to the Patient with Gastrointestinal Disease - p. 814 149. 124. Diagnostic Imaging Procedures in Gastroenterology - p. 829 150. 125. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - p. 834 151. 126. Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage - p. 840 152. 127. Disorders of Gastrointestinal Motility - p. 846 153. 128. Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Dyspepsia, Esophageal Chest Pain, and Heartburn - p. 852 154. 129. Diseases of the Esophagus - p. 859 155. 130. Acid Peptic Disease - p. 871 156. 131. Approach to the Patient with Diarrhea and Malabsorption - p. 881 157. 132. Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 898 158. 133. Inflammatory and Anatomic Diseases of the Intestine, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Omentum - p. 908 159. 134. Vascular Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract - p. 916 160. 135. Pancreatitis - p. 925 161. 136. Diseases of the Rectum and Anus - p. 933 162. Section XIV. Diseases of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Bile Ducts - p. 939.e2 163. Introduction - p. 941 164. 137. Approach to the Patient with Liver Disease - p. 942 165. 138. Approach to the Patient with Jaundice or Abnormal Liver Tests - p. 949 166. 139. Acute Viral Hepatitis - p. 958 167. 140. Chronic Viral and Autoimmune Hepatitis - p. 966 168. 141. Toxin- and Drug-Induced Liver Disease - p. 972 169. 142. Bacterial, Parasitic, Fungal, and Granulomatous Liver Diseases - p. 977 170. 143. Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis - p. 986 171. 144. Cirrhosis and Its Sequelae - p. 990 172. 145. Hepatic Failure and Liver Transplantation - p. 998 173. 146. Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts - p. 1005 174. Section XV. Hematologic Diseases - p. 1016.e2 175. Introduction - p. 1017 176. 147. Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Growth Factors - p. 1018 177. 148. The Peripheral Blood Smear - p. 1020 178. 149. Approach to the Anemias - p. 1028 179. 150. Microcytic and Hypochromic Anemias - p. 1035 180. 151. Autoimmune and Intravascular Hemolytic Anemias - p. 1040 181. 152. Hemolytic Anemias: Red Blood Cell Membrane and Metabolic Defects - p. 1046 182. 153. The Thalassemias - p. 1055 183. 154. Sickle Cell Disease and Other Hemoglobinopathies - p. 1061 184. 155. Megaloblastic Anemias - p. 1069 185. 156. Aplastic Anemia and Related Bone Marrow Failure States - p. 1077 186. 157. Polycythemia Vera, Essential Thrombocythemia, and Primary Myelofibrosis - p. 1085 187. 158. Leukocytosis and Leukopenia - p. 1094 188. 159. Approach to the Patient with Lymphadenopathy and Splenomegaly - p. 1103 189. 160. Histiocytoses - p. 1108 190. 161. Eosinophilic Syndromes - p. 1116 191. 162. Approach to the Patient with Bleeding and Thrombosis - p. 1118 192. 163. Thrombocytopenia - p. 1123 193. 164. Von Willebrand Disease and Hemorrhagic Abnormalities of Platelet and Vascular Function - p. 1133 194. 165. Hemorrhagic Disorders: Coagulation Factor Deficiencies - p. 1138 195. 166. Hemorrhagic Disorders: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Liver Failure, and Vitamin K Deficiency - p. 1147 196. 167. Transfusion Medicine - p. 1151 197. 168. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - p. 1159 198. Section XVI. Oncology - p. 1164.e2 199. Introduction - p. 1165 200. Chapter 169. Approach to the Patient with Cancer - p. 1166 201. Introduction to the Cancer Patient - p. 1166 202. Endocrine Manifestations of Cancer - p. 1189 203. Paraneoplastic Syndromes - p. 1190 204. Cancer of Unknown Primary Origin - p. 1192 205. Survivorship and Follow-Up - p. 1194 206. 170. Epidemiology of Cancer - p. 1195 207. 171. Cancer Biology and Genetics - p. 1199 208. 172. Myelodysplastic Syndromes - p. 1204 209. 173. The Acute Leukemias - p. 1211 210. 174. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - p. 1217 211. 175. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia - p. 1224 212. 176. Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas - p. 1229 213. 177. Hodgkin Lymphoma - p. 1241 214. 178. Plasma Cell Disorders - p. 1246 215. 179. Amyloidosis - p. 1256 216. 180. Tumors of the Central Nervous System - p. 1260 217. 181. Head and Neck Cancer - p. 1271 218. 182. Lung Cancer and Other Pulmonary Neoplasms - p. 1278 219. 183. Neoplasms of the Esophagus and Stomach - p. 1288 220. 184. Neoplasms of the Small and Large Intestine - p. 1294 221. 185. Pancreatic Cancer - p. 1305 222. 186. Liver and Biliary Tract Cancers - p. 1308 223. 187. Tumors of the Kidney, Bladder, Ureters, and Renal Pelvis - p. 1313 224. 188. Breast Cancer and Benign Breast Disorders - p. 1319 225. 189. Gynecologic Cancers - p. 1327 226. 190. Testicular Cancer - p. 1335 227. 191. Prostate Cancer - p. 1337 228. 192. Malignant Tumors of Bone, Sarcomas, and Other Soft Tissue Neoplasms - p. 1341 229. 193. Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers - p. 1344 230. Volume 2 - p. 1350.e2 231. Section XVII. Metabolic Diseases - p. 1350.e2 232. Introduction - p. 1351 233. 194. Approach to Inborn Errors of Metabolism - p. 1352 234. 195. Disorders of Lipid Metabolism - p. 1355 235. 196. Glycogen Storage Diseases - p. 1365 236. 197. Lysosomal Storage Diseases - p. 1368 237. 198. Homocystinuria and Hyperhomocysteinemia - p. 1373 238. 199. The Porphyrias - p. 1377 239. 200. Wilson Disease - p. 1385 240. 201. Iron Overload (Hemochromatosis) - p. 1388 241. Section XVIII. Nutritional Diseases - p. 1392.e1 242. Introduction - p. 1393 243. 202. Nutrition’s Interface with Health and Disease - p. 1394 244. 203. Protein-Energy Malnutrition - p. 1399 245. 204. Malnutrition: Assessment and Support - p. 1401 246. 205. Vitamins, Trace Minerals, and Other Micronutrients - p. 1406 247. 206. Eating Disorders - p. 1416 248. 207. Obesity - p. 1418 249. Section XIX. Endocrine Diseases - p. 1427.e3 250. Introduction - p. 1429 251. 208. Approach to the Patient with Endocrine Disease - p. 1430 252. 209. Principles of Endocrinology - p. 1431 253. 210. Neuroendocrinology and the Neuroendocrine System - p. 1434 254. 211. Anterior Pituitary - p. 1440 255. 212. Posterior Pituitary - p. 1456 256. 213. Thyroid - p. 1462 257. 214. Adrenal Cortex - p. 1476 258. 215. Adrenal Medulla, Catecholamines, and Pheochromocytoma - p. 1484 259. 216. Diabetes Mellitus - p. 1490 260. 217. Hypoglycemia and Pancreatic Islet Cell Disorders - p. 1511 261. 218. Polyglandular Disorders - p. 1518 262. 219. Neuroendocrine Tumors - p. 1520 263. 220. Sexual Development and Identity - p. 1528 264. 221. The Testis and Male Hypogonadism, Infertility, and Sexual Dysfunction - p. 1537 265. 222. Ovaries and Pubertal Development - p. 1547 266. 223. Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility - p. 1551 267. Section XX. Women's Health - p. 1562.e2 268. Introduction - p. 1563 269. 224. Approach to Women’s Health - p. 1564 270. 225. Contraception - p. 1568 271. 226. Common Medical Problems in Pregnancy - p. 1575 272. 227. Menopause - p. 1588 273. 228. Intimate Partner Violence - p. 1593 274. Section XXI. Diseases of Bone and Mineral Metabolism - p. 1596.e2 275. Introduction - p. 1597 276. 229. Approach to the Patient with Metabolic Bone Disease - p. 1598 277. 230. Osteoporosis - p. 1599 278. 231. Osteomalacia and Rickets - p. 1607 279. 232. The Parathyroid Glands, Hypercalcemia, and Hypocalcemia - p. 1611 280. 233. Paget Disease of Bone - p. 1623 281. 234. Osteonecrosis, Osteosclerosis/Hyperostosis, and Other Disorders of Bone - p. 1626 282. Section XXII. Diseases of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - p. 1631.e1 283. Introduction - p. 1633 284. 235. Approach to the Patient with Allergic or Immunologic Disease - p. 1634 285. 236. Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases - p. 1638 286. 237. Urticaria and Angioedema - p. 1649 287. 238. Systemic Anaphylaxis, Food Allergy, and Insect Sting Allergy - p. 1654 288. 239. Drug Allergy - p. 1658 289. 240. Mastocytosis - p. 1660 290. Section XXIII. Rheumatic Diseases - p. 1665.e2 291. Introduction - p. 1667 292. 241. Approach to the Patient with Rheumatic Disease - p. 1668 293. 242. Laboratory Testing in the Rheumatic Diseases - p. 1674 294. 243. Imaging Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases - p. 1678 295. 244. Inherited Diseases of Connective Tissue - p. 1685 296. 245. The Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases - p. 1691 297. 246. Osteoarthritis - p. 1698 298. 247. Bursitis, Tendinitis, and Other Periarticular Disorders and Sports Medicine - p. 1703 299. 248. Rheumatoid Arthritis - p. 1709 300. 249. The Spondyloarthropathies - p. 1718 301. 250. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - p. 1725 302. 251. Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) - p. 1734 303. 252. Sjögren Syndrome - p. 1742 304. 253. Inflammatory Myopathies - p. 1745 305. 254. The Systemic Vasculitides - p. 1750 306. 255. Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica - p. 1758 307. 256. Infections of Bursae, Joints, and Bones - p. 1761 308. 257. Crystal Deposition Diseases - p. 1767 309. 258. Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Myofascial Pain - p. 1774 310. 259. Systemic Diseases in Which Arthritis Is a Feature - p. 1778 311. 260. Surgical Treatment of Joint Diseases - p. 1783 312. Section XXIV. Infectious Diseases - p. 1788.e3 313. Introduction - p. 1789 314. 261. Introduction to Microbial Disease: Pathophysiology and Diagnostics - p. 1791 315. 262. The Human Microbiome - p. 1795 316. 263. Principles of Anti-Infective Therapy - p. 1803 317. 264. Approach to Fever or Suspected Infection in the Normal Host - p. 1809 318. 265. Approach to Fever and Suspected Infection in the Immunocompromised Host - p. 1815 319. 266. Prevention and Control of Health Care–Associated Infections - p. 1825 320. 267. Approach to the Patient with Suspected Enteric Infection - p. 1832 321. 268. Approach to the Patient with Urinary Tract Infection - p. 1836 322. 269. Approach to the Patient with a Sexually Transmitted Infection - p. 1841 323. 270. Approach to the Patient Before and After Travel - p. 1846 324. 271. Antibacterial Chemotherapy - p. 1850 325. 272. Staphylococcal Infections - p. 1862 326. 273. Streptococcus Pneumoniae Infections - p. 1868 327. 274. Nonpneumococcal Streptococcal Infections and Rheumatic Fever - p. 1871 328. 275. Enterococcal Infections - p. 1878 329. 276. Diphtheria and Other Corynebacterium Infections - p. 1881 330. 277. Listeriosis - p. 1884 331. 278. Anthrax - p. 1886 332. 279. Erysipelothrix Infections - p. 1889 333. 280. Clostridial Infections - p. 1890 334. 281. Diseases Caused by Non–Spore-Forming Anaerobic Bacteria - p. 1897 335. 282. Neisseria Meningitidis Infections - p. 1901 336. 283. Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Infections - p. 1906 337. 284. Haemophilus and Moraxella Infections - p. 1913 338. 285. Chancroid - p. 1916 339. 286. Cholera and Other Vibrio Infections - p. 1917 340. 287. Campylobacter Infections - p. 1920 341. 288. Escherichia Coli Enteric Infections - p. 1923 342. 289. Infections Due to Other Members of the Enterobacteriaceae, Including Management of Multidrug-Resistant Strains - p. 1927 343. 290. Pseudomonas and Related Gram-Negative Bacillary Infections - p. 1931 344. 291. Diseases Caused by Acinetobacter and Stenotrophomonas Species - p. 1936 345. 292. Salmonella Infections (Including Enteric Fever) - p. 1939 346. 293. Shigellosis - p. 1944 347. 294. Brucellosis - p. 1948 348. 295. Tularemia and Other Francisella Infections - p. 1951 349. 296. Plague and Other Yersinia Infections - p. 1953 350. 297. Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections - p. 1960 351. 298. Legionella Infections - p. 1963 352. 299. Bartonella Infections - p. 1967 353. 300. Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis) - p. 1971 354. 301. Mycoplasma Infections - p. 1972 355. 302. Diseases Caused by Chlamydiae - p. 1977 356. 303. Syphilis - p. 1983 357. 304. Nonsyphilitic Treponematoses - p. 1990 358. 305. Lyme Disease - p. 1991 359. 306. Relapsing Fever and Other Borrelia Infections - p. 1996 360. 307. Leptospirosis - p. 1998 361. 308. Tuberculosis - p. 2000 362. 309. The Nontuberculous Mycobacteria - p. 2010 363. 310. Leprosy (Hansen Disease) - p. 2013 364. 311. Rickettsial Infections - p. 2017 365. 312. Zoonoses - p. 2026 366. 313. Actinomycosis - p. 2029 367. 314. Nocardiosis - p. 2032 368. 315. Systemic Antifungal Agents - p. 2034 369. 316. Endemic Mycoses - p. 2039 370. 317. Cryptococcosis - p. 2046 371. 318. Candidiasis - p. 2048 372. 319. Aspergillosis - p. 2052 373. 320. Mucormycosis - p. 2056 374. 321. Pneumocystis Pneumonia - p. 2060 375. 322. Mycetoma and Dematiaceous Fungal Infections - p. 2068 376. 323. Antiparasitic Therapy - p. 2071 377. 324. Malaria - p. 2076 378. 325. African Sleeping Sickness - p. 2081 379. 326. Chagas Disease - p. 2084 380. 327. Leishmaniasis - p. 2089 381. 328. Toxoplasmosis - p. 2094 382. 329. Cryptosporidiosis - p. 2102 383. 330. Giardiasis - p. 2104 384. 331. Amebiasis - p. 2107 385. 332. Babesiosis and Other Protozoan Diseases - p. 2111 386. 333. Cestodes - p. 2117 387. 334. Trematode Infections - p. 2122 388. 335. Nematode Infections - p. 2128 389. 336. Antiviral Therapy (Non-HIV) - p. 2140 390. 337. The Common Cold - p. 2150 391. 338. Respiratory Syncytial Virus - p. 2152 392. 339. Parainfluenza Viral Disease - p. 2154 393. 340. Influenza - p. 2156 394. 341. Adenovirus Diseases - p. 2162 395. 342. PRE-2019 Coronaviruses - p. 2164 396. 342A. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 - p. 2167.e3 397. 343. Measles - p. 2167 398. 344. Rubella (German Measles) - p. 2170 399. 345. Mumps - p. 2172 400. 346. Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Slow Virus Infections of the Central Nervous System - p. 2174 401. 347. Parvovirus - p. 2178 402. 348. Smallpox, Monkeypox, and Other Poxvirus Infections - p. 2180 403. 349. Papillomavirus - p. 2185 404. 350. Herpes Simplex Virus Infections - p. 2189 405. 351. Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox, Shingles) - p. 2192 406. 352. Cytomegalovirus - p. 2195 407. 353. Epstein-Barr Virus Infection - p. 2198 408. 354. Retroviruses Other Than Human Immunodeficiency Virus - p. 2200 409. 355. Enteroviruses - p. 2205 410. 356. Rotaviruses, Noroviruses, and Other Gastrointestinal Viruses - p. 2210 411. 357. Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers - p. 2213 412. 358. Arboviruses Causing Fever and Rash Syndromes - p. 2222 413. 359. Arboviruses Affecting the Central Nervous System - p. 2228 414. Section XXV. HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - p. 2235.e1 415. Introduction - p. 2237 416. 360. Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - p. 2238 417. 361. Immunopathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection - p. 2246 418. 362. Biology of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses - p. 2248 419. 363. Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection - p. 2252 420. 364. Antiretroviral Therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - p. 2255 421. 365. Microbial Complications in Patients Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus - p. 2260 422. 366. Systemic Manifestations of HIV/AIDS - p. 2270 423. 367. Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV/AIDS - p. 2292 424. Section XXVI. Neurology - p. 2295.e2 425. Introduction - p. 2297 426. 368. Approach to the Patient with Neurologic Disease - p. 2298 427. 369. Psychiatric Disorders in Medical Practice - p. 2305 428. 370. Headaches and Other Head Pain - p. 2316 429. 371. Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury - p. 2324 430. 372. Mechanical and Other Lesions of the Spine, Nerve Roots, and Spinal Cord - p. 2329 431. 373. Regional Cerebral Dysfunction: Higher Mental Functions - p. 2343 432. 374. Cognitive Impairment and Dementia - p. 2347 433. 375. The Epilepsies - p. 2358 434. 376. Coma, Vegetative State, and Brain Death - p. 2370 435. 377. Sleep Disorders - p. 2376 436. 378. Approach to Cerebrovascular Diseases - p. 2386 437. 379. Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease - p. 2396 438. 380. Hemorrhagic Cerebrovascular Disease - p. 2408 439. 381. Parkinsonism - p. 2416 440. 382. Other Movement Disorders - p. 2423 441. 383. Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Conditions of the Central Nervous System - p. 2433 442. 384. Meningitis: Bacterial, Viral, and Other - p. 2442 443. 385. Brain Abscess and Parameningeal Infections - p. 2458 444. 386. Acute Viral Encephalitis - p. 2463 445. 387. Prion Diseases - p. 2467 446. 388. Nutritional and Alcohol-Related Neurologic Disorders - p. 2470 447. 389. Congenital, Developmental, and Neurocutaneous Disorders - p. 2477 448. 390. Autonomic Disorders and Their Management - p. 2482 449. 391. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases - p. 2485 450. 392. Peripheral Neuropathies - p. 2489 451. 393. Muscle Diseases - p. 2501 452. 394. Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission - p. 2509 453. Section XXVII. Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases - p. 2515.e2 454. Introduction - p. 2517 455. 395. Diseases of the Visual System - p. 2518 456. 396. Neuro-Ophthalmology - p. 2535 457. 397. Diseases of the Mouth and Salivary Glands - p. 2541 458. 398. Approach to the Patient with Nose, Sinus, and Ear Disorders - p. 2548 459. 399. Smell and Taste - p. 2557 460. 400. Hearing and Equilibrium - p. 2558 461. 401. Throat Disorders - p. 2565 462. Section XXVIII. Medical Consultation - p. 2571.e1 463. Introduction - p. 2573 464. 402. Principles of Medical Consultation - p. 2574 465. 403. Preoperative Evaluation - p. 2577 466. 404. Overview of Anesthesia - p. 2583 467. 405. Postoperative Care and Complications - p. 2586 468. 406. Medical Consultation in Psychiatry - p. 2591 469. Section XXIX. Skin Diseases - p. 2595.e2 470. Introduction - p. 2597 471. 407. Approach to Skin Diseases - p. 2598 472. 408. Principles of Therapy of Skin Diseases - p. 2607 473. 409. Eczemas, Photodermatoses, Papulosquamous (Including Fungal) Diseases, and Figurate Erythemas - p. 2612 474. 410. Macular, Papular, Purpuric, Vesiculobullous, and Pustular Diseases - p. 2621 475. 411. Urticaria, Drug Hypersensitivity Rashes, Nodules and Tumors, and Atrophic Diseases - p. 2633 476. 412. Infections, Hyperpigmentation and Hypopigmentation, Regional Dermatology, and Distinctive Lesions in Black Skin - p. 2648 477. 413. Diseases of Hair and Nails - p. 2655 478. Appendix. Reference Intervals and Laboratory Values - p. e1 479. Index - p. I-1 480. Endsheet 5 - p. IBC1