First published in 1858, and in continual publication since that date, Gray’s Anatomy has been trusted by generations of clinicians around the world as the pre-eminent anatomical reference book.
Building on this tradition of excellence and authority, the 43rd edition of Gray’s Anatomy has been meticulously revised and updated by world-leading anatomists, scientists and surgeons, to provide unrivalled, evidence-based coverage of regional anatomy, neuroanatomy, cell biology, embryogenesis and development. A systems-based perspective is provided via additional chapters in the accompanying eBook.
Succinct text, lavish illustrations, stunning photos and modern medical imaging are combined with an enhanced range of supplementary electronic materials to create a complete, integrated package, in an attractive, accessible format. Gray’s Anatomy 43rd edition provides new insights, plus the depth, relevance and accuracy that readers have come to expect from this renowned publication.
1. Historical introduction - p. xx 2. Introduction to anatomy - p. xxv 3. Commentary: Ethical issues in anatomy - p. xxviii 4. List of Illustrations - p. xxxi 5. List of Tables - p. xxxii 6. SECTION 1. Cells, Tissues and Systems - p. xxxii 7. Introduction - p. 1 8. 1. Basic structure and function of cells - p. 4 9. 2. Integrating cells into tissues - p. 31 10. 3. Nervous system - p. 46 11. 4. Blood, lymphoid tissues and haemopoiesis - p. 77 12. 5. Functional anatomy of the musculoskeletal system - p. 92 13. 6. Smooth muscle and the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems - p. 136 14. 7. Skin and its appendages - p. 154 15. Commentary and video abstracts - p. 172 16. Commentaries - p. 176 17. 1.1. Fluorescence microscopy today: A perspective - p. 176.e1 18. 1.2. Electron microscopy in the twenty-first century - p. 176.e3 19. 1.3. Properties of capillary pericytes in the brain, heart and kidney - p. 176.e9 20. 1.4. The reaction of peripheral nerves to injury - p. 176.e13 21. SECTION 2. Embryogenesis and Development - p. 176.e20 22. Introduction - p. 177 23. 8. Preimplantation development - p. 181 24. 9. Implantation and placentation - p. 189 25. 10. Cell populations at gastrulation - p. 200 26. 11. Overarching concepts in development - p. 209 27. 12. Cell populations at the start of organogenesis - p. 216 28. 13. Development of the heart and circulation - p. 223 29. 14. Development of the nervous system - p. 249 30. Neurulation - p. 249 31. Neural crest - p. 251 32. Ectodermal placodes - p. 252 33. Segmentation of the neural tube and early brain regions - p. 254.e1 34. Central nervous system - p. 259 35. Cerebral vascular supply - p. 276.e1 36. Peripheral nervous system - p. 279.e1 37. Neonatal - p. 283 38. Key references - p. 285.e1 39. References - p. 285.e1 40. 15. Development of the skin and appendages - p. 286 41. 16. Development of the eyes - p. 292 42. 17. Development of the ear - p. 299 43. 18. Development of the head and neck - p. 304 44. 19. Development of the back - p. 329 45. 20. Development of the limbs - p. 340 46. 21. Development of lungs, thorax and diaphragm - p. 353 47. 22. Development of the peritoneal cavity, gastrointestinal tract and its adnexae - p. 363 48. 23. Development of the urogenital system - p. 383 49. 24. Pre- and postnatal growth and the neonate - p. 404 50. Commentary and video abstracts - p. 420 51. Commentary - p. 426 52. 2.1. Inflicted or accidental injury to an infant or child: How does the medical practitioner tell the difference and defend it in court? - p. 426.e1 53. SECTION 3. Neuroanatomy - p. 426.e3 54. Introduction - p. 427 55. 25. Overview of the nervous system - p. 429 56. 26. Autonomic nervous system - p. 436 57. 27. Ventricular system - p. 440 58. 28. Vasculature of the brain - p. 449 59. 29. Spinal cord - p. 464 60. 30. Brainstem - p. 483 61. 31. Cerebellum - p. 505 62. 32. Diencephalon - p. 529 63. 33. Basal ganglia (basal nuclei) - p. 543 64. 34. Cerebral hemispheres - p. 551 65. Cerebral hemispheres - p. 551 66. Cerebral hemisphere surfaces, sulci and gyri - p. 552 67. Neuronal types in the cerebral cortex - p. 552.e4 68. Glial cell types in the cerebral cortex - p. 552.e9 69. Laminar organisation of the cerebral cortex - p. 552.e9 70. Cortical layers and their connections - p. 554.e1 71. Columns and modules - p. 554.e1 72. Maps of the human cerebral cortex - p. 554.e2 73. Transmitters in the human cerebral cortex - p. 556.e6 74. Transmitter receptors in the human cerebral cortex - p. 556.e8 75. Principles of cortical segregation - p. 556.e16 76. Paleo- and peripaleocortex - p. 557 77. Archi- and periarchicortex and the concept of a limbic system - p. 561.e1 78. Cingulate cortex - p. 565.e1 79. Isocortex - p. 566 80. Parietal lobe - p. 570 81. Occipital lobe - p. 571 82. Temporal lobe - p. 572 83. Insular lobe - p. 574 84. Transmitter receptors and cortical systems - p. 575.e1 85. White matter of the cerebral hemispheres - p. 575.e3 86. Association tracts - p. 575.e3 87. Commissural fibres - p. 578 88. Projection fibres - p. 579.e1 89. Key references - p. 581 90. References - p. 581 91. Further reading - p. 581.e3 92. Commentary and video abstracts - p. 584 93. Commentary - p. 584 94. 3.1. Comparative anatomy of the corticospinal system - p. 584.e1 95. SECTION 4. Head and Neck - p. 584.e4 96. Introduction - p. 585 97. 35. Head and neck: Overview and surface anatomy - p. 590 98. Head and neck - p. 602.e2 99. 36. Skull - p. 603 100. 37. Intracranial region - p. 613 101. 38. Neck - p. 628 102. 39. Face and scalp - p. 663 103. Upper aerodigestive tract - p. 690.e1 104. 40. Mouth - p. 691 105. 41. Infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae and temporomandibular joint - p. 719 106. 42. Nose, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses - p. 741 107. 43. Pharynx - p. 757 108. 44. Larynx - p. 773 109. Special senses - p. 792.e6 110. 45. External and middle ear - p. 793 111. 46. Internal ear - p. 810 112. 47. Orbit and accessory visual apparatus - p. 828 113. 48. Eye - p. 850 114. Commentary and video abstracts - p. 876 115. Commentary - p. 876 116. 4.1. Middle ear mechanics: The gateway to hearing - p. 876.e1 117. SECTION 5. Back - p. 876.e2 118. Introduction - p. 877 119. 49. Back - p. 878 120. 50. Spinal cord and spinal nerves: Gross anatomy - p. 920 121. SECTION 6. Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb - p. 932.e1 122. Introduction - p. 933 123. 51. Pectoral girdle and upper limb: Overview and surface anatomy - p. 935 124. 52. Shoulder girdle and arm - p. 954 125. 53. Elbow and forearm - p. 997 126. 54. Wrist and hand - p. 1022 127. Commentary and video abstracts - p. 1056 128. Commentaries - p. 1056 129. 6.1. Anatomical variation of the brachial plexus and its implications - p. 1056.e1 130. 6.2. Instability of the shoulder – a neurological disease - p. 1056.e4 131. 6.3. Rotator cuff tendinopathy spectrum - p. 1056.e9 132. SECTION 7. Thorax - p. 1056.e11 133. Introduction - p. 1057 134. 55. Thorax: Overview and surface anatomy - p. 1060 135. 56. Thoracic wall and breast - p. 1067 136. Lungs and diaphragm - p. 1090.e2 137. 57. Pleura, lungs, trachea and bronchi - p. 1091 138. 58. Diaphragm and phrenic nerves - p. 1110 139. Heart and mediastinum - p. 1120.e2 140. 59. Mediastinum - p. 1121 141. 60. Heart - p. 1141 142. 61. Great and major systemic blood vessels - p. 1174 143. Commentary and video abstracts - p. 1182 144. Commentary - p. 1182 145. 7.1. Computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) of variant and anomalous coronary vasculature - p. 1182.e1 146. SECTION 8. Abdomen and Pelvis - p. 1182.e10 147. Introduction - p. 1183 148. 62. Abdomen and pelvis: Overview and surface anatomy - p. 1187 149. 63. Anterolateral abdominal wall - p. 1202 150. 64. Posterior abdominal wall and retroperitoneum - p. 1217 151. 65. Mesentery, peritoneum and peritoneal cavity - p. 1230 152. Gastrointestinal tract - p. 1241.e1 153. 66. Abdominal oesophagus and stomach - p. 1242 154. 67. Small intestine - p. 1254 155. 68. Large intestine - p. 1266 156. Abdominal viscera - p. 1285.e2 157. 69. Liver - p. 1286 158. 70. Gallbladder and biliary tree - p. 1299 159. 71. Pancreas - p. 1305 160. 72. Spleen - p. 1314 161. 73. Suprarenal gland - p. 1322 162. Urogenital system - p. 1327.e1 163. 74. Lesser pelvis and perineum - p. 1328 164. 75. Kidney and ureter - p. 1344 165. 76. Urinary bladder, prostate and urethra - p. 1362 166. 77. Male reproductive system - p. 1377 167. 78. Female reproductive system - p. 1392 168. Commentary and video abstracts - p. 1420 169. Commentaries - p. 1420 170. 8.1. Common misconceptions regarding abdominal wall anatomy - p. 1420.e1 171. 8.2. Anatomical considerations for the development of uterine and vaginal prolapse - p. 1420.e6 172. SECTION 9. Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb - p. 1420.e9 173. Introduction - p. 1421 174. 79. Pelvic girdle and lower limb: Overview and surface anatomy - p. 1423 175. 80. Pelvic girdle, hip, gluteal region and thigh - p. 1442 176. 81. Knee and leg - p. 1486 177. 82. Ankle and foot - p. 1521 178. Commentary and video abstracts - p. 1555.e2 179. Commentaries - p. 1559 180. 9.1. Functional anatomy and biomechanics of the pelvis with emphasis on the sacro-iliac joints - p. 1559.e1 181. 9.2. Sexual dimorphism in lower limb sports injuries - p. 1559.e4 182. 9.3. Tensor vastus intermedius - p. 1559.e7 183. Systemic anatomy - p. 1559.e8 184. 83. The systemic anatomy of the peripheral nervous system - p. 1559.e9 185. Dermatomes and myotomes - p. 1559.e10 186. Cranial nerves - p. 1559.e15 187. Olfactory nerve - p. 1559.e16 188. Optic nerve - p. 1559.e16 189. Oculomotor nerve - p. 1559.e18 190. Trochlear nerve - p. 1559.e18 191. Trigeminal nerve - p. 1559.e19 192. Abducens nerve - p. 1559.e32 193. Facial nerve - p. 1559.e34 194. Vestibulocochlear nerve - p. 1559.e38 195. Glossopharyngeal nerve - p. 1559.e42 196. Vagus nerve - p. 1559.e45 197. Accessory nerve - p. 1559.e53 198. Hypoglossal nerve - p. 1559.e55 199. Spinal nerves - p. 1559.e55 200. Peripheral nerve plexuses - p. 1559.e67 201. Cervical plexus - p. 1559.e67 202. Brachial plexus - p. 1559.e68 203. Lumbar plexus - p. 1559.e83 204. Sacral plexus - p. 1559.e89 205. Coccygeal plexus - p. 1559.e97 206. Autonomic nervous system - p. 1559.e97 207. Sympathetic nervous system - p. 1559.e97 208. Parasympathetic nervous system - p. 1559.e103 209. Autonomic plexuses - p. 1559.e106 210. Visceral afferent pathways - p. 1559.e109 211. Enteric nervous system - p. 1559.e110 212. References - p. 1559.e111 213. 84. The systemic anatomy of the vascular and lymphatic systems - p. 1559.e116 214. Arterial supply of the head and neck and brain - p. 1559.e116 215. Arterial supply of the upper limb - p. 1559.e154 216. Arterial supply of the spinal cord, roots and nerves - p. 1559.e165 217. Arterial supply of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis - p. 1559.e167 218. Aorta - p. 1559.e174 219. Abdominal aorta - p. 1559.e187 220. Common iliac artery - p. 1559.e210 221. Internal iliac arteries - p. 1559.e210 222. External iliac arteries - p. 1559.e219 223. Arterial supply of the lower limb - p. 1559.e220 224. Femoral artery - p. 1559.e222 225. Popliteal artery - p. 1559.e229 226. Anterior tibial artery - p. 1559.e230 227. Posterior tibial artery - p. 1559.e231 228. Venous drainage of the head and neck and brain - p. 1559.e234 229. Dural venous sinuses, emissary veins and diploic veins - p. 1559.e241 230. Venous drainage of the brain and spinal cord - p. 1559.e246 231. Venous drainage of the vertebral column - p. 1559.e249 232. Venous drainage of the upper limb - p. 1559.e250 233. Venous drainage of the thorax - p. 1559.e253 234. Venous drainage of the abdomen and pelvis - p. 1559.e259 235. Venous drainage of the lower limb - p. 1559.e270 236. Lymphatic drainage - p. 1559.e274 237. Thoracic duct - p. 1559.e274 238. Right lymphatic duct - p. 1559.e275 239. Lymphatic drainage of the head and neck - p. 1559.e276 240. Lymphatic drainage of the upper limb - p. 1559.e279 241. Lymphatic drainage of the thorax - p. 1559.e280 242. Lymphatic drainage of the abdomen and pelvis - p. 1559.e286 243. Lymphatic drainage of the lower limb - p. 1559.e292 244. References - p. 1559.e293 245. Imaging Commentaries - p. 1559.e299 246. I.1. A note on anatomy from an imaging perspective - p. 1559.e300 247. I.2. Technical aspects and applications of diagnostic radiology - p. 1559.e302 248. I.3. Imaging the ageing musculoskeletal system - p. 1559.e313 249. I.4. Cinematic rendering offers entirely new possibilities for studying human anatomy - p. 1559.e320 250. I.5. Peripheral nerve visualisation with magnetic resonance neurography - p. 1559.e325 251. I.6. Hierarchical phase-contrast tomography: Advancing high-resolution imaging of intact human organs - p. 1559.e333 252. I.7. The role of imaging in the identification of variant anatomy and its clinical implications - p. 1559.e340 253. Eponyms - p. 1559.e351 254. Index - p. 1560
First published in 1858, and in continual publication since that date, Gray’s Anatomy has been trusted by generations of clinicians around the world as the pre-eminent anatomical reference book.
Building on this tradition of excellence and authority, the 43rd edition of Gray’s Anatomy has been meticulously revised and updated by world-leading anatomists, scientists and surgeons, to provide unrivalled, evidence-based coverage of regional anatomy, neuroanatomy, cell biology, embryogenesis and development. A systems-based perspective is provided via additional chapters in the accompanying eBook.
Succinct text, lavish illustrations, stunning photos and modern medical imaging are combined with an enhanced range of supplementary electronic materials to create a complete, integrated package, in an attractive, accessible format. Gray’s Anatomy 43rd edition provides new insights, plus the depth, relevance and accuracy that readers have come to expect from this renowned publication.
1. Historical introduction - p. xx 2. Introduction to anatomy - p. xxv 3. Commentary: Ethical issues in anatomy - p. xxviii 4. List of Illustrations - p. xxxi 5. List of Tables - p. xxxii 6. SECTION 1. Cells, Tissues and Systems - p. xxxii 7. Introduction - p. 1 8. 1. Basic structure and function of cells - p. 4 9. 2. Integrating cells into tissues - p. 31 10. 3. Nervous system - p. 46 11. 4. Blood, lymphoid tissues and haemopoiesis - p. 77 12. 5. Functional anatomy of the musculoskeletal system - p. 92 13. 6. Smooth muscle and the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems - p. 136 14. 7. Skin and its appendages - p. 154 15. Commentary and video abstracts - p. 172 16. Commentaries - p. 176 17. 1.1. Fluorescence microscopy today: A perspective - p. 176.e1 18. 1.2. Electron microscopy in the twenty-first century - p. 176.e3 19. 1.3. Properties of capillary pericytes in the brain, heart and kidney - p. 176.e9 20. 1.4. The reaction of peripheral nerves to injury - p. 176.e13 21. SECTION 2. Embryogenesis and Development - p. 176.e20 22. Introduction - p. 177 23. 8. Preimplantation development - p. 181 24. 9. Implantation and placentation - p. 189 25. 10. Cell populations at gastrulation - p. 200 26. 11. Overarching concepts in development - p. 209 27. 12. Cell populations at the start of organogenesis - p. 216 28. 13. Development of the heart and circulation - p. 223 29. 14. Development of the nervous system - p. 249 30. Neurulation - p. 249 31. Neural crest - p. 251 32. Ectodermal placodes - p. 252 33. Segmentation of the neural tube and early brain regions - p. 254.e1 34. Central nervous system - p. 259 35. Cerebral vascular supply - p. 276.e1 36. Peripheral nervous system - p. 279.e1 37. Neonatal - p. 283 38. Key references - p. 285.e1 39. References - p. 285.e1 40. 15. Development of the skin and appendages - p. 286 41. 16. Development of the eyes - p. 292 42. 17. Development of the ear - p. 299 43. 18. Development of the head and neck - p. 304 44. 19. Development of the back - p. 329 45. 20. Development of the limbs - p. 340 46. 21. Development of lungs, thorax and diaphragm - p. 353 47. 22. Development of the peritoneal cavity, gastrointestinal tract and its adnexae - p. 363 48. 23. Development of the urogenital system - p. 383 49. 24. Pre- and postnatal growth and the neonate - p. 404 50. Commentary and video abstracts - p. 420 51. Commentary - p. 426 52. 2.1. Inflicted or accidental injury to an infant or child: How does the medical practitioner tell the difference and defend it in court? - p. 426.e1 53. SECTION 3. Neuroanatomy - p. 426.e3 54. Introduction - p. 427 55. 25. Overview of the nervous system - p. 429 56. 26. Autonomic nervous system - p. 436 57. 27. Ventricular system - p. 440 58. 28. Vasculature of the brain - p. 449 59. 29. Spinal cord - p. 464 60. 30. Brainstem - p. 483 61. 31. Cerebellum - p. 505 62. 32. Diencephalon - p. 529 63. 33. Basal ganglia (basal nuclei) - p. 543 64. 34. Cerebral hemispheres - p. 551 65. Cerebral hemispheres - p. 551 66. Cerebral hemisphere surfaces, sulci and gyri - p. 552 67. Neuronal types in the cerebral cortex - p. 552.e4 68. Glial cell types in the cerebral cortex - p. 552.e9 69. Laminar organisation of the cerebral cortex - p. 552.e9 70. Cortical layers and their connections - p. 554.e1 71. Columns and modules - p. 554.e1 72. Maps of the human cerebral cortex - p. 554.e2 73. Transmitters in the human cerebral cortex - p. 556.e6 74. Transmitter receptors in the human cerebral cortex - p. 556.e8 75. Principles of cortical segregation - p. 556.e16 76. Paleo- and peripaleocortex - p. 557 77. Archi- and periarchicortex and the concept of a limbic system - p. 561.e1 78. Cingulate cortex - p. 565.e1 79. Isocortex - p. 566 80. Parietal lobe - p. 570 81. Occipital lobe - p. 571 82. Temporal lobe - p. 572 83. Insular lobe - p. 574 84. Transmitter receptors and cortical systems - p. 575.e1 85. White matter of the cerebral hemispheres - p. 575.e3 86. Association tracts - p. 575.e3 87. Commissural fibres - p. 578 88. Projection fibres - p. 579.e1 89. Key references - p. 581 90. References - p. 581 91. Further reading - p. 581.e3 92. Commentary and video abstracts - p. 584 93. Commentary - p. 584 94. 3.1. Comparative anatomy of the corticospinal system - p. 584.e1 95. SECTION 4. Head and Neck - p. 584.e4 96. Introduction - p. 585 97. 35. Head and neck: Overview and surface anatomy - p. 590 98. Head and neck - p. 602.e2 99. 36. Skull - p. 603 100. 37. Intracranial region - p. 613 101. 38. Neck - p. 628 102. 39. Face and scalp - p. 663 103. Upper aerodigestive tract - p. 690.e1 104. 40. Mouth - p. 691 105. 41. Infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae and temporomandibular joint - p. 719 106. 42. Nose, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses - p. 741 107. 43. Pharynx - p. 757 108. 44. Larynx - p. 773 109. Special senses - p. 792.e6 110. 45. External and middle ear - p. 793 111. 46. Internal ear - p. 810 112. 47. Orbit and accessory visual apparatus - p. 828 113. 48. Eye - p. 850 114. Commentary and video abstracts - p. 876 115. Commentary - p. 876 116. 4.1. Middle ear mechanics: The gateway to hearing - p. 876.e1 117. SECTION 5. Back - p. 876.e2 118. Introduction - p. 877 119. 49. Back - p. 878 120. 50. Spinal cord and spinal nerves: Gross anatomy - p. 920 121. SECTION 6. Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb - p. 932.e1 122. Introduction - p. 933 123. 51. Pectoral girdle and upper limb: Overview and surface anatomy - p. 935 124. 52. Shoulder girdle and arm - p. 954 125. 53. Elbow and forearm - p. 997 126. 54. Wrist and hand - p. 1022 127. Commentary and video abstracts - p. 1056 128. Commentaries - p. 1056 129. 6.1. Anatomical variation of the brachial plexus and its implications - p. 1056.e1 130. 6.2. Instability of the shoulder – a neurological disease - p. 1056.e4 131. 6.3. Rotator cuff tendinopathy spectrum - p. 1056.e9 132. SECTION 7. Thorax - p. 1056.e11 133. Introduction - p. 1057 134. 55. Thorax: Overview and surface anatomy - p. 1060 135. 56. Thoracic wall and breast - p. 1067 136. Lungs and diaphragm - p. 1090.e2 137. 57. Pleura, lungs, trachea and bronchi - p. 1091 138. 58. Diaphragm and phrenic nerves - p. 1110 139. Heart and mediastinum - p. 1120.e2 140. 59. Mediastinum - p. 1121 141. 60. Heart - p. 1141 142. 61. Great and major systemic blood vessels - p. 1174 143. Commentary and video abstracts - p. 1182 144. Commentary - p. 1182 145. 7.1. Computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) of variant and anomalous coronary vasculature - p. 1182.e1 146. SECTION 8. Abdomen and Pelvis - p. 1182.e10 147. Introduction - p. 1183 148. 62. Abdomen and pelvis: Overview and surface anatomy - p. 1187 149. 63. Anterolateral abdominal wall - p. 1202 150. 64. Posterior abdominal wall and retroperitoneum - p. 1217 151. 65. Mesentery, peritoneum and peritoneal cavity - p. 1230 152. Gastrointestinal tract - p. 1241.e1 153. 66. Abdominal oesophagus and stomach - p. 1242 154. 67. Small intestine - p. 1254 155. 68. Large intestine - p. 1266 156. Abdominal viscera - p. 1285.e2 157. 69. Liver - p. 1286 158. 70. Gallbladder and biliary tree - p. 1299 159. 71. Pancreas - p. 1305 160. 72. Spleen - p. 1314 161. 73. Suprarenal gland - p. 1322 162. Urogenital system - p. 1327.e1 163. 74. Lesser pelvis and perineum - p. 1328 164. 75. Kidney and ureter - p. 1344 165. 76. Urinary bladder, prostate and urethra - p. 1362 166. 77. Male reproductive system - p. 1377 167. 78. Female reproductive system - p. 1392 168. Commentary and video abstracts - p. 1420 169. Commentaries - p. 1420 170. 8.1. Common misconceptions regarding abdominal wall anatomy - p. 1420.e1 171. 8.2. Anatomical considerations for the development of uterine and vaginal prolapse - p. 1420.e6 172. SECTION 9. Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb - p. 1420.e9 173. Introduction - p. 1421 174. 79. Pelvic girdle and lower limb: Overview and surface anatomy - p. 1423 175. 80. Pelvic girdle, hip, gluteal region and thigh - p. 1442 176. 81. Knee and leg - p. 1486 177. 82. Ankle and foot - p. 1521 178. Commentary and video abstracts - p. 1555.e2 179. Commentaries - p. 1559 180. 9.1. Functional anatomy and biomechanics of the pelvis with emphasis on the sacro-iliac joints - p. 1559.e1 181. 9.2. Sexual dimorphism in lower limb sports injuries - p. 1559.e4 182. 9.3. Tensor vastus intermedius - p. 1559.e7 183. Systemic anatomy - p. 1559.e8 184. 83. The systemic anatomy of the peripheral nervous system - p. 1559.e9 185. Dermatomes and myotomes - p. 1559.e10 186. Cranial nerves - p. 1559.e15 187. Olfactory nerve - p. 1559.e16 188. Optic nerve - p. 1559.e16 189. Oculomotor nerve - p. 1559.e18 190. Trochlear nerve - p. 1559.e18 191. Trigeminal nerve - p. 1559.e19 192. Abducens nerve - p. 1559.e32 193. Facial nerve - p. 1559.e34 194. Vestibulocochlear nerve - p. 1559.e38 195. Glossopharyngeal nerve - p. 1559.e42 196. Vagus nerve - p. 1559.e45 197. Accessory nerve - p. 1559.e53 198. Hypoglossal nerve - p. 1559.e55 199. Spinal nerves - p. 1559.e55 200. Peripheral nerve plexuses - p. 1559.e67 201. Cervical plexus - p. 1559.e67 202. Brachial plexus - p. 1559.e68 203. Lumbar plexus - p. 1559.e83 204. Sacral plexus - p. 1559.e89 205. Coccygeal plexus - p. 1559.e97 206. Autonomic nervous system - p. 1559.e97 207. Sympathetic nervous system - p. 1559.e97 208. Parasympathetic nervous system - p. 1559.e103 209. Autonomic plexuses - p. 1559.e106 210. Visceral afferent pathways - p. 1559.e109 211. Enteric nervous system - p. 1559.e110 212. References - p. 1559.e111 213. 84. The systemic anatomy of the vascular and lymphatic systems - p. 1559.e116 214. Arterial supply of the head and neck and brain - p. 1559.e116 215. Arterial supply of the upper limb - p. 1559.e154 216. Arterial supply of the spinal cord, roots and nerves - p. 1559.e165 217. Arterial supply of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis - p. 1559.e167 218. Aorta - p. 1559.e174 219. Abdominal aorta - p. 1559.e187 220. Common iliac artery - p. 1559.e210 221. Internal iliac arteries - p. 1559.e210 222. External iliac arteries - p. 1559.e219 223. Arterial supply of the lower limb - p. 1559.e220 224. Femoral artery - p. 1559.e222 225. Popliteal artery - p. 1559.e229 226. Anterior tibial artery - p. 1559.e230 227. Posterior tibial artery - p. 1559.e231 228. Venous drainage of the head and neck and brain - p. 1559.e234 229. Dural venous sinuses, emissary veins and diploic veins - p. 1559.e241 230. Venous drainage of the brain and spinal cord - p. 1559.e246 231. Venous drainage of the vertebral column - p. 1559.e249 232. Venous drainage of the upper limb - p. 1559.e250 233. Venous drainage of the thorax - p. 1559.e253 234. Venous drainage of the abdomen and pelvis - p. 1559.e259 235. Venous drainage of the lower limb - p. 1559.e270 236. Lymphatic drainage - p. 1559.e274 237. Thoracic duct - p. 1559.e274 238. Right lymphatic duct - p. 1559.e275 239. Lymphatic drainage of the head and neck - p. 1559.e276 240. Lymphatic drainage of the upper limb - p. 1559.e279 241. Lymphatic drainage of the thorax - p. 1559.e280 242. Lymphatic drainage of the abdomen and pelvis - p. 1559.e286 243. Lymphatic drainage of the lower limb - p. 1559.e292 244. References - p. 1559.e293 245. Imaging Commentaries - p. 1559.e299 246. I.1. A note on anatomy from an imaging perspective - p. 1559.e300 247. I.2. Technical aspects and applications of diagnostic radiology - p. 1559.e302 248. I.3. Imaging the ageing musculoskeletal system - p. 1559.e313 249. I.4. Cinematic rendering offers entirely new possibilities for studying human anatomy - p. 1559.e320 250. I.5. Peripheral nerve visualisation with magnetic resonance neurography - p. 1559.e325 251. I.6. Hierarchical phase-contrast tomography: Advancing high-resolution imaging of intact human organs - p. 1559.e333 252. I.7. The role of imaging in the identification of variant anatomy and its clinical implications - p. 1559.e340 253. Eponyms - p. 1559.e351 254. Index - p. 1560
