High pressures play a more and more important role in modern technology. Examples are the supercritical fluid extraction of medical drugs and dyes from biological material, the handling of compressed or liquefied gases (including natural gas or hydrogen), the operation of modern thermal power plants, or various technical processes for controlled particle formation. High-Pressure Fluid Phase Equilibria, Second Edition enables understanding of the complicated phase behaviour that fluid or fluid mixtures (liquids, gases, or supercritical phases) can exhibit at elevated pressures. The underlying thermodynamic equations are explained, and robust algorithms for the computation of such equilibria (including solid–fluid equilibria) are proposed.
Since the publication of the first edition of this book there have been many new developments, for instance differential equation methods for the computation of phase equilibria, accurate numerical differentiation, high-precision equations of state (e.g., the GERG model). Moreover, more detail and explanation has been added on important topics that were only briefly examined in the original book to better assist the reader, such as expansion processes and chemical reactions).
The book remains invaluable as a single resource for grasping the intricacies of fluid phase behaviour. It enables readers to write or improve their own computer programs for the calculation of phase equilibria. It will appeal to graduate students of chemical engineering and university research staff involved in chemical engineering of supercritical fluids or the physical chemistry of fluids; the book can also serve as the basis of lectures or advanced students’ seminars.
1. Chapter 1 Introduction - p. 1 2. Chapter 2 Phenomenology of phase diagrams - p. 7 3. Chapter 3 Experimental observation of phase equilibria - p. 75 4. Chapter 4 Thermodynamic variables and functions - p. 85 5. Chapter 5 Stability and equilibrium - p. 109 6. 5.1: Criteria of equilibrium - p. 109 7. 5.2: Thermodynamic stability and equilibrium criteria based on the Second Law - p. 111 8. 5.3: Perturbations of equilibrium states - p. 114 9. 5.4: Phase equilibria of pure substances - p. 117 10. 5.5: Critical points of pure fluids - p. 126 11. 5.6: Widom lines - p. 128 12. 5.7: Phase equilibria of binary fluid mixtures - p. 130 13. 5.8: Critical curves - p. 148 14. 5.9: Three-phase curves - p. 161 15. 5.10: Isochoric thermodynamics: definitions and algebraic equations for phase equilibria - p. 163 16. 5.11: Isochoric thermodynamics: differential equations for phase equilibria - p. 180 17. 5.12: Final remarks - p. 196 18. 5.13: Problems - p. 197 19. Chapter 6 Non-isothermal applications and chemically reactive systems - p. 199 20. Chapter 7 Solid–fluid equilibrium - p. 227 21. Chapter 8 Equations of state for pure fluids - p. 247 22. 8.1: Fundamentals - p. 247 23. 8.2: The ideal gas - p. 247 24. 8.3: The virial equation of state - p. 249 25. 8.4: Cubic equations of state - p. 249 26. 8.5: Equations of state based on molecular theory - p. 255 27. 8.6: Reference equations of state - p. 273 28. 8.7: The corresponding-states principle - p. 274 29. 8.8: Near-critical behavior - p. 275 30. 8.9: Which equation of state is best? - p. 280 31. 8.10: How to obtain the parameters - p. 282 32. 8.11: Problems - p. 285 33. Chapter 9 Equations of state for mixtures - p. 287 34. Chapter 10 Global phase diagrams - p. 309 35. Appendix A Algebraic and numeric methods - p. 345 36. Appendix B Theorems and proofs - p. 387 37. Appendix C Equations of state: auxiliary equations for programming - p. 395 38. Appendix D Solutions of the problems - p. 401 39. References - p. 429 40. Index - p. 449
High pressures play a more and more important role in modern technology. Examples are the supercritical fluid extraction of medical drugs and dyes from biological material, the handling of compressed or liquefied gases (including natural gas or hydrogen), the operation of modern thermal power plants, or various technical processes for controlled particle formation. High-Pressure Fluid Phase Equilibria, Second Edition enables understanding of the complicated phase behaviour that fluid or fluid mixtures (liquids, gases, or supercritical phases) can exhibit at elevated pressures. The underlying thermodynamic equations are explained, and robust algorithms for the computation of such equilibria (including solid–fluid equilibria) are proposed.
Since the publication of the first edition of this book there have been many new developments, for instance differential equation methods for the computation of phase equilibria, accurate numerical differentiation, high-precision equations of state (e.g., the GERG model). Moreover, more detail and explanation has been added on important topics that were only briefly examined in the original book to better assist the reader, such as expansion processes and chemical reactions).
The book remains invaluable as a single resource for grasping the intricacies of fluid phase behaviour. It enables readers to write or improve their own computer programs for the calculation of phase equilibria. It will appeal to graduate students of chemical engineering and university research staff involved in chemical engineering of supercritical fluids or the physical chemistry of fluids; the book can also serve as the basis of lectures or advanced students’ seminars.
1. Chapter 1 Introduction - p. 1 2. Chapter 2 Phenomenology of phase diagrams - p. 7 3. Chapter 3 Experimental observation of phase equilibria - p. 75 4. Chapter 4 Thermodynamic variables and functions - p. 85 5. Chapter 5 Stability and equilibrium - p. 109 6. 5.1: Criteria of equilibrium - p. 109 7. 5.2: Thermodynamic stability and equilibrium criteria based on the Second Law - p. 111 8. 5.3: Perturbations of equilibrium states - p. 114 9. 5.4: Phase equilibria of pure substances - p. 117 10. 5.5: Critical points of pure fluids - p. 126 11. 5.6: Widom lines - p. 128 12. 5.7: Phase equilibria of binary fluid mixtures - p. 130 13. 5.8: Critical curves - p. 148 14. 5.9: Three-phase curves - p. 161 15. 5.10: Isochoric thermodynamics: definitions and algebraic equations for phase equilibria - p. 163 16. 5.11: Isochoric thermodynamics: differential equations for phase equilibria - p. 180 17. 5.12: Final remarks - p. 196 18. 5.13: Problems - p. 197 19. Chapter 6 Non-isothermal applications and chemically reactive systems - p. 199 20. Chapter 7 Solid–fluid equilibrium - p. 227 21. Chapter 8 Equations of state for pure fluids - p. 247 22. 8.1: Fundamentals - p. 247 23. 8.2: The ideal gas - p. 247 24. 8.3: The virial equation of state - p. 249 25. 8.4: Cubic equations of state - p. 249 26. 8.5: Equations of state based on molecular theory - p. 255 27. 8.6: Reference equations of state - p. 273 28. 8.7: The corresponding-states principle - p. 274 29. 8.8: Near-critical behavior - p. 275 30. 8.9: Which equation of state is best? - p. 280 31. 8.10: How to obtain the parameters - p. 282 32. 8.11: Problems - p. 285 33. Chapter 9 Equations of state for mixtures - p. 287 34. Chapter 10 Global phase diagrams - p. 309 35. Appendix A Algebraic and numeric methods - p. 345 36. Appendix B Theorems and proofs - p. 387 37. Appendix C Equations of state: auxiliary equations for programming - p. 395 38. Appendix D Solutions of the problems - p. 401 39. References - p. 429 40. Index - p. 449
