Human Colonization of the Arctic: The Interaction Between Early Migration and the Paleoenvironment explores the relationship between humans and the environment during this early time of colonization, utilizing analytical methods from both the social and natural sciences to develop a unique, interdisciplinary approach that gives the reader a much broader understanding of the interrelationship between humanity and the environment. As colonization of the polar region was intermittent and irregular, based on how early humans interacted with the land, this book provides a glance into how humans developed new ways to make the region more habitable.
The book applies not only to the physical continents, but also the arctic waters. This is how humans succeeded in crossing the Bering Strait and water area between Canadian Arctic Islands. About 4500 years ago , humans reached the northern extremity of Greenland and were able to live through the months of polar nights by both adapting to, and making, changes in their environment.
1. Introduction - p. 1 2. Section One. European North - p. 1 3. Introduction - p. 3 4. Fennoscandia - p. 3 5. 1.1. Postglacial human colonization of Fennoscandia - p. 7 6. 1.2. Northern Scandinavia: Synthesis - p. 15 7. 1.3. Northern Scandinavia: Paleogeography of the Kola Peninsula - p. 23 8. 1.4. The Early Holocene (Mesolithic) sites on the Kola Peninsula - p. 33 9. 1.5. Eastern Fennoscandia and the adjacent regions of the northwestern East European Plain - p. 51 10. North and North-East of the East European Plain - p. 72 11. 1.6. North of the East European Plain - p. 75 12. 1.7. Environments of the Northeastern East European Plain at the time of the initial human colonization - p. 105 13. 1.8. Middle and Upper Paleolithic sites in the Northeast of the East European Plain - p. 137 14. 1.9. Environments of the Paleolithic sites in the Northeast of the East European Plain - p. 153 15. Arctic Islands - p. 158 16. 1.10. Arctic islands of the Barents and Kara seas - p. 161 17. Section Two. Siberian North - p. 175 18. Introduction - p. 177 19. 2.1. West Siberia - p. 179 20. 2.2. North of West Siberia - p. 189 21. 2.3. Central Siberia (the Yenisey-Lena-Yana Region) - p. 211 22. Section Three. Beringia (Northeast of Asia, Alaska, Yukon) - p. 237 23. Introduction - p. 239 24. 3.1. Western Beringia (Northeast Asia) - p. 241 25. 3.1.1. Indigirka-Kolyma region - p. 246 26. 3.1.2. Kamchatka - p. 267 27. 3.1.3. Chukchi Peninsula - p. 279 28. 3.1.4. Initial human colonization of Western Beringia: a synthesis - p. 293 29. 3.1.5. Conclusion - p. 297 30. 3.2. Eastern Beringia: Climates and environments during the initial peopling - p. 299 31. 3.3. The Paleolithic of eastern Beringia from western Alaska to Canadian Yukon - p. 311 32. Section Four. Canadian North - p. 338 33. Introduction - p. 339 34. 4.1. Peopling of the Eastern Canadian Arctic - p. 341 35. Section Five. Greenland - p. 363 36. Introduction - p. 365 37. 5.1. First people in Greenland - p. 367 38. Section Six. Iceland - p. 405 39. Introduction - p. 407 40. 6.1. Iceland at the time of initial colonization - p. 409 41. Part Two. Specific features of the initial colonization - p. 415 42. Introduction - p. 417 43. 7. Expansion of ecumene northward and the diet of the Paleolithic population of Eurasia: Neanderthals and Homo sapiens - p. 419 44. 8. The Mesolithic population in the north of Eastern Europe (reconstruction of social activity according to archaeological and anthropological data) - p. 429 45. 9. Way to North: Anthropological Evidence of Adaptivity of the First Inhabitants in the High Latitudes - p. 453 46. 10. Genetic data on peopling high latitude areas - p. 493 47. 11. Stages of the initial human colonization of Arctic and Subarctic - p. 507 48. Conclusion - p. 531 49. References - p. 535 50. Index - p. 609
Human Colonization of the Arctic: The Interaction Between Early Migration and the Paleoenvironment explores the relationship between humans and the environment during this early time of colonization, utilizing analytical methods from both the social and natural sciences to develop a unique, interdisciplinary approach that gives the reader a much broader understanding of the interrelationship between humanity and the environment. As colonization of the polar region was intermittent and irregular, based on how early humans interacted with the land, this book provides a glance into how humans developed new ways to make the region more habitable.
The book applies not only to the physical continents, but also the arctic waters. This is how humans succeeded in crossing the Bering Strait and water area between Canadian Arctic Islands. About 4500 years ago , humans reached the northern extremity of Greenland and were able to live through the months of polar nights by both adapting to, and making, changes in their environment.
1. Introduction - p. 1 2. Section One. European North - p. 1 3. Introduction - p. 3 4. Fennoscandia - p. 3 5. 1.1. Postglacial human colonization of Fennoscandia - p. 7 6. 1.2. Northern Scandinavia: Synthesis - p. 15 7. 1.3. Northern Scandinavia: Paleogeography of the Kola Peninsula - p. 23 8. 1.4. The Early Holocene (Mesolithic) sites on the Kola Peninsula - p. 33 9. 1.5. Eastern Fennoscandia and the adjacent regions of the northwestern East European Plain - p. 51 10. North and North-East of the East European Plain - p. 72 11. 1.6. North of the East European Plain - p. 75 12. 1.7. Environments of the Northeastern East European Plain at the time of the initial human colonization - p. 105 13. 1.8. Middle and Upper Paleolithic sites in the Northeast of the East European Plain - p. 137 14. 1.9. Environments of the Paleolithic sites in the Northeast of the East European Plain - p. 153 15. Arctic Islands - p. 158 16. 1.10. Arctic islands of the Barents and Kara seas - p. 161 17. Section Two. Siberian North - p. 175 18. Introduction - p. 177 19. 2.1. West Siberia - p. 179 20. 2.2. North of West Siberia - p. 189 21. 2.3. Central Siberia (the Yenisey-Lena-Yana Region) - p. 211 22. Section Three. Beringia (Northeast of Asia, Alaska, Yukon) - p. 237 23. Introduction - p. 239 24. 3.1. Western Beringia (Northeast Asia) - p. 241 25. 3.1.1. Indigirka-Kolyma region - p. 246 26. 3.1.2. Kamchatka - p. 267 27. 3.1.3. Chukchi Peninsula - p. 279 28. 3.1.4. Initial human colonization of Western Beringia: a synthesis - p. 293 29. 3.1.5. Conclusion - p. 297 30. 3.2. Eastern Beringia: Climates and environments during the initial peopling - p. 299 31. 3.3. The Paleolithic of eastern Beringia from western Alaska to Canadian Yukon - p. 311 32. Section Four. Canadian North - p. 338 33. Introduction - p. 339 34. 4.1. Peopling of the Eastern Canadian Arctic - p. 341 35. Section Five. Greenland - p. 363 36. Introduction - p. 365 37. 5.1. First people in Greenland - p. 367 38. Section Six. Iceland - p. 405 39. Introduction - p. 407 40. 6.1. Iceland at the time of initial colonization - p. 409 41. Part Two. Specific features of the initial colonization - p. 415 42. Introduction - p. 417 43. 7. Expansion of ecumene northward and the diet of the Paleolithic population of Eurasia: Neanderthals and Homo sapiens - p. 419 44. 8. The Mesolithic population in the north of Eastern Europe (reconstruction of social activity according to archaeological and anthropological data) - p. 429 45. 9. Way to North: Anthropological Evidence of Adaptivity of the First Inhabitants in the High Latitudes - p. 453 46. 10. Genetic data on peopling high latitude areas - p. 493 47. 11. Stages of the initial human colonization of Arctic and Subarctic - p. 507 48. Conclusion - p. 531 49. References - p. 535 50. Index - p. 609
