Insect Ecomorphology: Linking Functional Insect Morphology to Ecology and Evolution offers the most up-to-date knowledge and understanding of the morphology of insects and the functional basis of their diversity. This book covers the form and function of insect body structures synthesized with their physiological performance capabilities, biological roles, and evolutionary histories.
Written by international experts, this book provides a modern outline of the topic, exploring the ecomorphology of functional systems such as insect feeding, locomotion, sensing, and reproduction. The combination of conceptual and review chapters, methodological approaches, and case studies enables readers to delve into active research fields and attain a general idea of the explanatory power of the form-function-performance paradigm. The book uncovers key structures of the different regions of the insect body, elucidates how they function, and investigates their ecological and evolutionary implications.
Insect Ecomorphology: Linking Functional Insect Morphology to Ecology and Evolution is a vital resource for entomologists, biologists, and zoologists, especially those seeking to better understand the morphology and physiological impacts tying insects to environments and evolution.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction - p. 3 2. Chapter 2. Conceptual and methodological issues in insect ecomorphology - p. 11 3. 1 The evolutionary success of insects - p. 11 4. 2 Conceptual outline of ecomorphology - p. 11 5. 3 Morphological-comparative concept - p. 15 6. 4 Ecological-correlative concept - p. 28 7. 5 Phylogeny-informed approaches - p. 34 8. 6 Morphology-informed ecology - p. 37 9. 7 Conclusion - p. 41 10. Part II. Ecomorphology of the insect body - p. 57 11. Chapter 3. Ecomorphology of the insect head with a focus on the mouthparts of adults - p. 59 12. 1 The diversity of head shapes and mouthpart types - p. 59 13. 2 Insect ecomorphology appears as a neglected research topic - p. 63 14. 3 Head ecomorphology across Hexapoda - p. 66 15. Chapter 4. Reflections of an insect's lifestyle and habitat: Morphological and ultrastructural adaptations involving the eyes of insects - p. 93 16. 1 Introduction - p. 93 17. 2 Basic anatomical organization of light perceiving structures in insects - p. 95 18. 3 The photic environment and an insect's lifestyle - p. 100 19. 4 The terrestrial environment - p. 112 20. 5 Largely epigeic insects - p. 114 21. 6 Insect-plant interactions - p. 118 22. 7 Insects that harm plants: Phytophages and sap suckers - p. 123 23. 8 Detritophagous, Coprophagous and Necrophagous species - p. 126 24. 9 Parasitic species and their eyes - p. 127 25. 10 Bioluminescent insects and their eyes - p. 129 26. 11 Eye miniaturizations - p. 130 27. 12 The Mecoptera - p. 132 28. 13 Conclusion - p. 132 29. Chapter 5. Ecomorphology of insect flight - p. 155 30. 1 Ecomorphology of insect flight - p. 155 31. 2 The evolutionary origin and physiological actuation of flapping flight - p. 156 32. 3 Ecomorphology of insect wings - p. 161 33. 4 Conclusions - p. 176 34. Chapter 6. Interactions of morphology and leg-driven locomotor behaviour in insects - p. 191 35. 1 Introduction - p. 191 36. 2 General leg design and use in insects - p. 197 37. 3 Body dynamics - p. 200 38. 4 Locomotion efficiency and passive mechanisms - p. 200 39. 5 Jumping - p. 204 40. 6 Climbing - p. 205 41. 7 Falling and gliding - p. 207 42. 8 Effect of body size on insect locomotion - p. 207 43. 9 Significance of morphological traits in insect locomotion - p. 210 44. 10 Prevalence of tripodal leg coordination in hexapedal animals - p. 210 45. 11 Evolutionary changes in the locomotor apparatus of insects, the sequence of behavioural and morphological changes - p. 212 46. 12 Nontripodal leg coordination patterns - p. 214 47. 13 Aquatic locomotion - p. 214 48. 14 Conclusions - p. 216 49. Chapter 7. Ecomorphology and evolution of tarsal and pretarsal attachment organs in insects - p. 227 50. 1 Ecological relevance of attachment - p. 227 51. 2 Insects have diverse attachment systems - p. 230 52. 3 Underlying functional principles of attachment systems - p. 232 53. 4 Phasmatodea and their ecomorphology of pretarsal and tarsal attachment devices - p. 235 54. 5 Future perspectives - p. 245 55. Chapter 8. Ecomorphology of insect ovipositors - p. 261 56. 1 Introduction - p. 261 57. 2 Archaeognatha and Zygentoma - p. 263 58. 3 Odonata - p. 267 59. 4 Grylloblattodea and Orthoptera - p. 268 60. 5 Dictyoptera, Phasmatodea and Mantophasmatodea - p. 272 61. 6 Thysanoptera - p. 272 62. 7 Hemiptera - p. 273 63. 8 Holometabola, excluding Hymenoptera - p. 277 64. 9 Hymenoptera - p. 277 65. 10 Concluding remarks - p. 285 66. Chapter 9. Insect antennae and olfactory sensilla—Aspects of odorant capture and water conservation - p. 297 67. Chapter 10. Ecomorphology of insect mechanosensilla - p. 317 68. 1 Mechanosensilla—insect neurobiology and ecological adaptations - p. 317 69. 2 Diversity of mechanosensilla in insects - p. 319 70. 3 Antennal mechanoreceptors in insects - p. 325 71. 4 Mechanosensilla on the insect mouthparts - p. 327 72. 5 Cuticular mechanosensilla on the legs - p. 331 73. 6 Cercal hairs as medium flow receptors - p. 334 74. 7 Substrate vibrations and vibration receptor organs - p. 335 75. 8 Tympanal hearing organs - p. 340 76. 9 Mechanosensilla in aquatic insects - p. 345 77. 10 Mechanosensory systems in cave insects - p. 350 78. 11 Outlook - p. 354 79. Funding information - p. 354 80. Part III. Methodological approaches - p. 373 81. Chapter 11. Methods for biomechanical characterization of insect cuticle - p. 375 82. Chapter 12. Shaping up: Morphometric approaches to understanding insect behavioural ecology and ecomorphology - p. 391 83. Part IV. Case studies - p. 417 84. Chapter 13. Morphological adaptations of beetles to changing living conditions in the Permian and the Mesozoic - p. 419 85. Chapter 14. Ecomorphology of microinsects - p. 439 86. Chapter 15. Nectar-feeding ecology, ecomorphological adaptations and variation of proboscis length in a long-proboscid fly (Diptera: Nemestrinidae: Prosoeca) - p. 457 87. Chapter 16. Ecomorphology of ants - p. 469 88. 1 Introduction - p. 469 89. 2 Ant morphology, life history and ecology - p. 470 90. 3 Sensory ecology - p. 479 91. 4 Towards performance ecology of the ant head: Functional morphology - p. 483 92. 5 Power amplification: The evolution of extreme performance in ants - p. 490 93. 6 Body size and basic patterns of locomotion - p. 496 94. 7 Trait-based ecology - p. 498 95. 8 Conclusion - p. 507 96. Part V. Biomimetics - p. 525 97. Chapter 17. Ways in which insect biomimetics can benefit from ecomorphological research and vice versa - p. 527 98. Index - p. 553 99. Taxonomic index - p. 565
Insect Ecomorphology: Linking Functional Insect Morphology to Ecology and Evolution offers the most up-to-date knowledge and understanding of the morphology of insects and the functional basis of their diversity. This book covers the form and function of insect body structures synthesized with their physiological performance capabilities, biological roles, and evolutionary histories.
Written by international experts, this book provides a modern outline of the topic, exploring the ecomorphology of functional systems such as insect feeding, locomotion, sensing, and reproduction. The combination of conceptual and review chapters, methodological approaches, and case studies enables readers to delve into active research fields and attain a general idea of the explanatory power of the form-function-performance paradigm. The book uncovers key structures of the different regions of the insect body, elucidates how they function, and investigates their ecological and evolutionary implications.
Insect Ecomorphology: Linking Functional Insect Morphology to Ecology and Evolution is a vital resource for entomologists, biologists, and zoologists, especially those seeking to better understand the morphology and physiological impacts tying insects to environments and evolution.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction - p. 3 2. Chapter 2. Conceptual and methodological issues in insect ecomorphology - p. 11 3. 1 The evolutionary success of insects - p. 11 4. 2 Conceptual outline of ecomorphology - p. 11 5. 3 Morphological-comparative concept - p. 15 6. 4 Ecological-correlative concept - p. 28 7. 5 Phylogeny-informed approaches - p. 34 8. 6 Morphology-informed ecology - p. 37 9. 7 Conclusion - p. 41 10. Part II. Ecomorphology of the insect body - p. 57 11. Chapter 3. Ecomorphology of the insect head with a focus on the mouthparts of adults - p. 59 12. 1 The diversity of head shapes and mouthpart types - p. 59 13. 2 Insect ecomorphology appears as a neglected research topic - p. 63 14. 3 Head ecomorphology across Hexapoda - p. 66 15. Chapter 4. Reflections of an insect's lifestyle and habitat: Morphological and ultrastructural adaptations involving the eyes of insects - p. 93 16. 1 Introduction - p. 93 17. 2 Basic anatomical organization of light perceiving structures in insects - p. 95 18. 3 The photic environment and an insect's lifestyle - p. 100 19. 4 The terrestrial environment - p. 112 20. 5 Largely epigeic insects - p. 114 21. 6 Insect-plant interactions - p. 118 22. 7 Insects that harm plants: Phytophages and sap suckers - p. 123 23. 8 Detritophagous, Coprophagous and Necrophagous species - p. 126 24. 9 Parasitic species and their eyes - p. 127 25. 10 Bioluminescent insects and their eyes - p. 129 26. 11 Eye miniaturizations - p. 130 27. 12 The Mecoptera - p. 132 28. 13 Conclusion - p. 132 29. Chapter 5. Ecomorphology of insect flight - p. 155 30. 1 Ecomorphology of insect flight - p. 155 31. 2 The evolutionary origin and physiological actuation of flapping flight - p. 156 32. 3 Ecomorphology of insect wings - p. 161 33. 4 Conclusions - p. 176 34. Chapter 6. Interactions of morphology and leg-driven locomotor behaviour in insects - p. 191 35. 1 Introduction - p. 191 36. 2 General leg design and use in insects - p. 197 37. 3 Body dynamics - p. 200 38. 4 Locomotion efficiency and passive mechanisms - p. 200 39. 5 Jumping - p. 204 40. 6 Climbing - p. 205 41. 7 Falling and gliding - p. 207 42. 8 Effect of body size on insect locomotion - p. 207 43. 9 Significance of morphological traits in insect locomotion - p. 210 44. 10 Prevalence of tripodal leg coordination in hexapedal animals - p. 210 45. 11 Evolutionary changes in the locomotor apparatus of insects, the sequence of behavioural and morphological changes - p. 212 46. 12 Nontripodal leg coordination patterns - p. 214 47. 13 Aquatic locomotion - p. 214 48. 14 Conclusions - p. 216 49. Chapter 7. Ecomorphology and evolution of tarsal and pretarsal attachment organs in insects - p. 227 50. 1 Ecological relevance of attachment - p. 227 51. 2 Insects have diverse attachment systems - p. 230 52. 3 Underlying functional principles of attachment systems - p. 232 53. 4 Phasmatodea and their ecomorphology of pretarsal and tarsal attachment devices - p. 235 54. 5 Future perspectives - p. 245 55. Chapter 8. Ecomorphology of insect ovipositors - p. 261 56. 1 Introduction - p. 261 57. 2 Archaeognatha and Zygentoma - p. 263 58. 3 Odonata - p. 267 59. 4 Grylloblattodea and Orthoptera - p. 268 60. 5 Dictyoptera, Phasmatodea and Mantophasmatodea - p. 272 61. 6 Thysanoptera - p. 272 62. 7 Hemiptera - p. 273 63. 8 Holometabola, excluding Hymenoptera - p. 277 64. 9 Hymenoptera - p. 277 65. 10 Concluding remarks - p. 285 66. Chapter 9. Insect antennae and olfactory sensilla—Aspects of odorant capture and water conservation - p. 297 67. Chapter 10. Ecomorphology of insect mechanosensilla - p. 317 68. 1 Mechanosensilla—insect neurobiology and ecological adaptations - p. 317 69. 2 Diversity of mechanosensilla in insects - p. 319 70. 3 Antennal mechanoreceptors in insects - p. 325 71. 4 Mechanosensilla on the insect mouthparts - p. 327 72. 5 Cuticular mechanosensilla on the legs - p. 331 73. 6 Cercal hairs as medium flow receptors - p. 334 74. 7 Substrate vibrations and vibration receptor organs - p. 335 75. 8 Tympanal hearing organs - p. 340 76. 9 Mechanosensilla in aquatic insects - p. 345 77. 10 Mechanosensory systems in cave insects - p. 350 78. 11 Outlook - p. 354 79. Funding information - p. 354 80. Part III. Methodological approaches - p. 373 81. Chapter 11. Methods for biomechanical characterization of insect cuticle - p. 375 82. Chapter 12. Shaping up: Morphometric approaches to understanding insect behavioural ecology and ecomorphology - p. 391 83. Part IV. Case studies - p. 417 84. Chapter 13. Morphological adaptations of beetles to changing living conditions in the Permian and the Mesozoic - p. 419 85. Chapter 14. Ecomorphology of microinsects - p. 439 86. Chapter 15. Nectar-feeding ecology, ecomorphological adaptations and variation of proboscis length in a long-proboscid fly (Diptera: Nemestrinidae: Prosoeca) - p. 457 87. Chapter 16. Ecomorphology of ants - p. 469 88. 1 Introduction - p. 469 89. 2 Ant morphology, life history and ecology - p. 470 90. 3 Sensory ecology - p. 479 91. 4 Towards performance ecology of the ant head: Functional morphology - p. 483 92. 5 Power amplification: The evolution of extreme performance in ants - p. 490 93. 6 Body size and basic patterns of locomotion - p. 496 94. 7 Trait-based ecology - p. 498 95. 8 Conclusion - p. 507 96. Part V. Biomimetics - p. 525 97. Chapter 17. Ways in which insect biomimetics can benefit from ecomorphological research and vice versa - p. 527 98. Index - p. 553 99. Taxonomic index - p. 565
