International Encyclopedia of Transportation

1. Introduction - p. v 2. Front matter Volume 1 - p. viii 3. List of Contributors to Volume 1 - p. viii 4. Front matter Volume 2 - p. viii 5. List of Contributors to Volume 2 - p. viii 6. Front matter Volume 3 - p. viii 7. List of Contributors to Volume 3 - p. viii 8. Front matter Volume 4 - p. viii 9. List of Contributors to Volume 4 - p. viii 10. Front matter Volume 5 - p. viii 11. List of Contributors to Volume 5 - p. viii 12. Front matter Volume 6 - p. xiv 13. List of Contributors to Volume 6 - p. xiv 14. Front matter Volume 7 - p. xiv 15. List of Contributors to Volume 7 - p. iii 16. List of Illustrations - p. xii 17. List of Tables - p. xii 18. Volume 1 - p. xii 19. Transport Economics - p. xii 20. Chapter 1: Introduction to Transportation Economics - p. xii 21. Chapter 2: Market Failures and Public Decision Making in the Transport Sector - p. xii 22. Chapter 3: Demand for Freight Transport - p. xii 23. Chapter 4: Cost Functions for Road Transport - p. xii 24. Chapter 5: Future of Urban Freight - p. xii 25. Chapter 6: Operation Costs for Public Transport - p. xii 26. Chapter 7: Natural Monopoly in Transport - p. xii 27. Chapter 8: Freight Costs: Air and Sea - p. xii 28. Chapter 9: Transport Production and Cost Structure - p. xii 29. Chapter 10: The Concept of External Cost: Marginal Versus Total Cost and Internalization - p. xii 30. Chapter 11: Value of Time - p. xii 31. Chapter 12: Valuation of Carbon Emissions - p. xii 32. Chapter 13: Valuation of Travel Time Variability Using Scheduling Models - p. xii 33. Chapter 14: Value of Crowding - p. xii 34. Chapter 15: What Drives Transport and Mobility Trends? The Chicken-and-Egg Problem - p. xii 35. Chapter 16: Pricing Principles in the Transport Sector - p. xii 36. Chapter 17: Long-Run Versus Short-Run Valuations - p. xii 37. Chapter 18: Value of Noise - p. xii 38. Chapter 19: The Value of Life and Health - p. xii 39. Chapter 20: The Value of Security, Access Time, Waiting Time, and Transfers in Public Transport - p. xii 40. Chapter 21: Demand for Passenger Transportation - p. xii 41. Chapter 22: Real-World Experiences of Congestion Pricing - p. xii 42. Chapter 23: Distributional Effects of Congestion Charges and Fuel Taxes - p. xii 43. Chapter 24: The Bottleneck Model - p. xii 44. Chapter 25: Dynamic Congestion Pricing and User Heterogeneity - p. xii 45. Chapter 26: Economics of Parking - p. xii 46. Chapter 27: Loss Aversion and Size and Sign Effects in Value of Time Studies - p. xii 47. Chapter 28: Intertemporal Variation of Valuations - p. xii 48. Chapter 29: The Rebound Effect for Car Transport - p. xii 49. Chapter 30: Elasticities for Travel Demand: Recent Evidence - p. xii 50. Chapter 31: Parking Price Elasticities - p. xii 51. Chapter 32: The Pareto Criterion and the Kaldor Hicks Criterion - p. xii 52. Chapter 33: Social Discount Rates - p. xii 53. Chapter 34: Cross-Elasticities Between Modes - p. xii 54. Chapter 35: First-Best Congestion Pricing - p. xii 55. Chapter 36: Ethical Aspects–Can We Value Life, Health, and Environment in Money Terms? - p. xii 56. Chapter 37: Car tolls, Transit Subsidies for Commuting, and Distortions on the Labor Market - p. xii 57. Chapter 38: Demand Management and Capacity Planning of Airports - p. xii 58. Chapter 39: Dealing with Negative Externalities: Low Emission Zones Versus Congestion Tolls - p. xii 59. Chapter 40: The Rule-of-a-Half and Interpreting the Consumer Surplus as Accessibility - p. xii 60. Chapter 41: Producer Surplus - p. xii 61. Chapter 42: The Robustness of Cost–Benefit Analyses - p. xii 62. Chapter 43: The GDP Effects of Transport Investments: The Macroeconomic Approach - p. xii 63. Chapter 44: The Mohring Effect - p. xii 64. Chapter 45: Public Transport Fare and Subsidy Optimization - p. xii 65. Chapter 46: Transportation Equity - p. xii 66. Chapter 47: Impact of Transport Cost-Benefit Analysis on Public Decision-Making - p. xii 67. Chapter 48: Causal Inference for Ex Post Evaluation of Transport Interventions - p. xii 68. Chapter 49: Transport Cost and Location of Firms - p. xii 69. Chapter 50: Commuting, the Labor Market, and Wages - p. xii 70. Chapter 51: How to Buy Transport Infrastructure - p. xii 71. Chapter 52: Procurement of Public Transport: Contractual Regimes - p. xii 72. Chapter 53: The Mono-Centric City Model and Commuting Cost - p. xii 73. Chapter 54: Value of Time in Freight Transport - p. xii 74. Chapter 55: The Economics and Planning of Urban Freight Transport - p. xii 75. Chapter 56: Incentives in Public Transport Contracts - p. xii 76. Chapter 57: Transportation Improvements and Property Prices - p. xii 77. Chapter 58: Transport Infrastructure Effects on Economic Output: The Microeconomic Approach - p. xii 78. Chapter 59: Wider Economic Impacts of Transport Investments - p. xii 79. Chapter 60: Employment Effects of Transport Infrastructure - p. xii 80. Chapter 61: Regulatory Reforms and Competition in Public Transport - p. xii 81. Chapter 62: How to Finance Transport Infrastructure? - p. xii 82. Chapter 63: Congestion, Allocation, and Competition on the Railway Tracks - p. xii 83. Chapter 64: Public Private Partnership - p. xii 84. Chapter 65: Airline Economics - p. xii 85. Chapter 66: Privatization and Deregulation of the Airline Industry - p. xii 86. Chapter 67: Price Discrimination and Yield Management in the Airline Industry - p. xii 87. Chapter 68: Regulation and Competition in Railways - p. xii 88. Chapter 69: Cycling Economics - p. xii 89. Chapter 70: The Economic Rationale for High-Speed Rail - p. xii 90. Chapter 71: Rail Cost Functions - p. xii 91. Chapter 72: Transport and International Trade - p. xii 92. Chapter 73: Maritime Economics: Organizational Structures - p. xii 93. Chapter 74: Port Planning and Investment - p. xii 94. Chapter 75: Estimating the Capital Stock of Transport Infrastructure - p. xii 95. Chapter 76: The Economics of Reducing Carbon Emissions From Air and Road Transport - p. xii 96. Chapter 77: Regulation and Financing of Toll Roads - p. xii 97. Chapter 78: Are Megaprojects too Transformational for Cost–Benefit Analysis? - p. xii 98. Chapter 79: Economics of Transportation Safety - p. xii 99. Chapter 80: Cost Overruns of Transportation Infrastructure Projects - p. xii 100. Chapter 81: The Downs–Thomson Paradox - p. xii 101. Chapter 82: Policy Instruments for Plug-In Electric Vehicles: An Overview and Discussion - p. xii 102. Chapter 83: Vertical and Horizontal Separation in the European Railway Sector and its Effects on Productivity - p. xii 103. Chapter 84: How will Autonomous Vehicles Impact Car Ownership and Travel Behavior - p. xii 104. Chapter 85: Policy Instruments to Reduce Carbon Emissions From Road Transport - p. xii 105. Chapter 86: Computable General Equilibrium Analysis in Transportation Economics - p. xii 106. Chapter 87: Estimation of Value of Time - p. xii 107. Chapter 88: The Taxation of Car Use in the Future - p. xii 108. Chapter 89: Cost–Benefit Analysis and Other Assessment Techniques: Contrasts and Synergies - p. xii 109. Chapter 90: Demand for Air Travel and Income Elasticity - p. 546 110. Chapter 91: Generalized Cost for Transport - p. 554 111. Chapter 92: The Impact of Electric Vehicles on Energy Systems - p. 559 112. Chapter 93: Uber Versus Taxis - p. 565 113. Chapter 94: Contract Efficiency in Public Transport Services - p. 571 114. Chapter 95: Company Cars - p. 579 115. Chapter 96: Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) and the Future of Public Transportation - p. 583 116. Chapter 97: Public Transport in Low Density Areas - p. 588 117. Chapter 98: Market Failures in Transport: Direct and Indirect Public Intervention - p. 595 118. Chapter 99: The Braess Paradox - p. 600 119. Volume 2 - p. 607 120. Transport Safety and Security - p. 607 121. Chapter 100: Introduction to Transportation Safety and Security - p. 607 122. Chapter 101: The Concept of “Acceptable Risk” Applied to Road Safety Risk Level - p. 607 123. Chapter 102: Crash Not Accident - p. 607 124. Chapter 103: Age and Gender as Factors in Road Safety - p. 607 125. Chapter 104: Aggressive Driving and Road Rage - p. 607 126. Chapter 105: Aircraft Maintenance and Inspection - p. 607 127. Chapter 106: Airport Security - p. 607 128. Chapter 107: Transport Safety and Security: Alcohol - p. 607 129. Chapter 108: Animal Crashes - p. 607 130. Chapter 109: Attenuators - p. 607 131. Chapter 110: ATV, Snowmobile, and Terrain Vehicle Safety - p. 607 132. Chapter 111: Automobile Safety Inspection - p. 607 133. Chapter 112: Aviation Safety: Commercial Airlines - p. 607 134. Chapter 113: Aviation Safety, Freight, and Dangerous Goods Transport by Air - p. 607 135. Chapter 114: Bicycle Collision Avoidance Systems: Can Cyclist Safety be Improved with Intelligent Transport Systems? - p. 607 136. Chapter 115: Bicycle Infrastructure - p. 607 137. Chapter 116: Bicycles, E-Bikes and Micromobility, A Traffic Safety Overview - p. 607 138. Chapter 117: Bicycles: The Safety of Shared Systems Versus Traditional Ownership - p. 607 139. Chapter 118: Bridge Safety - p. 607 140. Chapter 119: Carsharing Safety and Insurance - p. 607 141. Chapter 120: Carjacking - p. 607 142. Chapter 121: Collision Avoidance Systems, Airplanes - p. 607 143. Chapter 122: Collision Avoidance Systems, Automobiles - p. 607 144. Chapter 123: Connected Automated Vehicles: Technologies, Developments, and Trends - p. 607 145. Chapter 124: Construction Zones - p. 607 146. Chapter 125: Costs of Accidents - p. 607 147. Chapter 126: Critical Issues for Large Truck Safety - p. 607 148. Chapter 127: Demerit Points and Similar Sanction Programs - p. 607 149. Chapter 128: Driver State and Mental Workload - p. 607 150. Chapter 129: Drugs, Illicit, and Prescription - p. 607 151. Chapter 130: Education, Training, and Licensing - p. 607 152. Chapter 131: Elderly Driver Safety Issues - p. 607 153. Chapter 132: Emergency Response Systems - p. 607 154. Chapter 133: Emergency Vehicles and Traffic Safety - p. 607 155. Chapter 134: Encouragement: Awards and Incentives - p. 607 156. Chapter 135: Enforcement and Fines - p. 607 157. Chapter 136: Epidemiology of Road Traffic Crashes - p. 607 158. Chapter 137: Evacuation Planning and Transportation Resilience - p. 607 159. Chapter 138: Exposure: A Critical Factor in Risk Analysis - p. 607 160. Chapter 139: Passenger Ferry Vessels and Cruise Ships: Safety and Security - p. 607 161. Chapter 140: Fuel Economy Standards: Impacts on Safety - p. 607 162. Chapter 141: Hazardous Materials Transport - p. 607 163. Chapter 142: Head-on Crashes - p. 607 164. Chapter 143: Helicopters in Emergency Medical Response - p. 607 165. Chapter 144: Horizontal and Vertical Geometry - p. 607 166. Chapter 145: Human Factors in Transportation - p. 607 167. Chapter 146: In-Depth Crash Analysis and Accident Investigation - p. 607 168. Chapter 147: Incident Detection Systems, Airplanes - p. 607 169. Chapter 148: Inequality and Traffic Safety - p. 607 170. Chapter 149: Lighting - p. 607 171. Chapter 150: Macroscopic Safety Analysis - p. 607 172. Chapter 151: Motor Vehicle Crash Reportability - p. 607 173. Chapter 152: Nominal Safety - p. 607 174. Chapter 153: Parking Lots - p. 607 175. Chapter 154: Passenger Van Safety - p. 607 176. Chapter 155: Passive Prevention Systems in Automobile Safety - p. 607 177. Chapter 156: Pedestrian Safety, Children - p. 607 178. Chapter 157: Pedestrian Safety, General - p. 607 179. Chapter 158: Pedestrian Safety, Older People - p. 607 180. Chapter 159: Visually Impaired Pedestrian Safety - p. 607 181. Chapter 160: Photo/Video Traffic Enforcement - p. 607 182. Chapter 161: Powered Two- and Three-Wheeler Safety - p. 607 183. Chapter 162: Railroad Safety - p. 607 184. Chapter 163: Railroad Safety: Grade Crossings and Trespassing - p. 607 185. Chapter 164: Recreational Boating Safety: Usage, Risk Factors, and the Prevention of Injury and Death - p. 607 186. Chapter 165: Refuge Islands - p. 607 187. Chapter 166: Risk Perception and Risk Behavior in the Context of Transportation - p. 607 188. Chapter 167: Road Diets - p. 499 189. Chapter 168: Road Safety Audits - p. 499 190. Chapter 169: Roadside Safety Barriers - p. 499 191. Chapter 170: Road Safety Management in Selected Countries - p. 499 192. Chapter 171: Roadway Pavement Conditions and Various Summer and Winter Maintenance Strategies - p. 499 193. Chapter 172: Safety of Roundabouts - p. 499 194. Chapter 173: Rumble Strips, Continuous Shoulder, and Centerline - p. 499 195. Chapter 174: Safety Culture - p. 499 196. Chapter 175: Safety Data Quality Management - p. 499 197. Chapter 176: School Bus Safety - p. 499 198. Chapter 177: School Campus Traffic Circulation - p. 499 199. Chapter 178: Sexual Violence in Public Transportation - p. 499 200. Chapter 179: Shared Space - p. 499 201. Chapter 180: Side Area Safety and Side Slopes - p. 499 202. Chapter 181: Simulators - p. 499 203. Chapter 182: Sleep-Related Issues and Fatigue - p. 499 204. Chapter 183: Speed Governors and Limiters - p. 499 205. Chapter 184: Speed Limits on Rural Highways - p. 621 206. Chapter 185: Speed Limits on Urban Streets - p. 621 207. Chapter 186: Speed-Reducing Measures - p. 621 208. Chapter 187: Striping, Signs, and Other Forms of Information - p. 621 209. Chapter 188: Suicides - p. 621 210. Chapter 189: Surrogate Measures of Safety - p. 621 211. Chapter 190: Targeting Transit: The Terrorist Threat and the Challenges to Security - p. 621 212. Chapter 191: The Swedish Vision Zero: A Policy Innovation - p. 621 213. Chapter 192: Tire Safety - p. 621 214. Chapter 193: Town Gates: Section on Transport Safety and Security - p. 621 215. Chapter 194: Traffic Flow Volume and Safety - p. 621 216. Chapter 195: Traffic Safety and Security of Taxis and Ride-Hailing Vehicles - p. 621 217. Chapter 196: Traffic Signals and Safety - p. 621 218. Chapter 197: Tunnels, Safety, and Security Issues—Risk Assessment for Road Tunnels: State-of-the-Art Practices and Challenges - p. 621 219. Chapter 198: Understanding, Managing, and Learning From Disruption - p. 718 220. Chapter 199: Use/Analysis of Crash Data and Underreporting of Crashes - p. 725 221. Chapter 200: Utility Poles - p. 730 222. Chapter 201: Value of Life and Injuries - p. 736 223. Chapter 202: Effects of Weather - p. 741 224. Chapter 203: Wrong-Way Driving on Motorways - p. 750 225. Volume 3 - p. 760 226. Freight Transport and Logistics - p. 760 227. Chapter 204: Freight Transport and Logistics - p. 760 228. Chapter 205: Expanding the Perspective of Logistics and Supply Chain Management - p. 760 229. Chapter 206: Logistics and Supply Chain Management Performance Measures - p. 760 230. Chapter 207: Economic Regulation/Deregulation and Nationalization/Privatization in Freight Transportation - p. 760 231. Chapter 208: Freight Transport Policy - p. 760 232. Chapter 209: Planning and Financing Logistics Spaces - p. 760 233. Chapter 210: Supply Chain Risk Management: Creating the Resilient Supply Chain - p. 760 234. Chapter 211: Transportation Safety and Security - p. 760 235. Chapter 212: Resilience in Freight Transport Networks - p. 760 236. Chapter 213: Environmental Sustainability in Freight Transportation - p. 760 237. Chapter 214: Sustainable Logistics, CSR in Logistics, and Sustainable Supply Chain Management - p. 760 238. Chapter 215: Information Sharing and Business Analytics in Global Supply Chains - p. 760 239. Chapter 216: Logistics Information Systems - p. 760 240. Chapter 217: Factors Affecting the Selection of Logistics Service Providers - p. 760 241. Chapter 218: Logistics Service Performance - p. 760 242. Chapter 219: The World Bank's Logistics Performance Index - p. 760 243. Chapter 220: Outsourcing Logistics Functions - p. 760 244. Chapter 221: Freight Transport and Logistics in JIT Systems - p. 760 245. Chapter 222: Supply Chain Finance - p. 760 246. Chapter 223: Packaging Logistics - p. 760 247. Chapter 224: The Bullwhip Effect - p. 760 248. Chapter 225: Blockchain Applications in Logistics - p. 760 249. Chapter 226: Logistics in Asia - p. 760 250. Chapter 227: Logistics in the Developing World - p. 760 251. Chapter 228: Freight Network Modeling - p. 760 252. Chapter 229: National Freight Transport Models - p. 760 253. Chapter 230: Freight Flows in Cities - p. 760 254. Chapter 231: Urban Logistics and Freight Transport - p. 760 255. Chapter 232: Omni-Channel Logistics - p. 760 256. Chapter 233: Humanitarian Logistics - p. 760 257. Chapter 234: Optimization of Humanitarian Logistics - p. 760 258. Chapter 235: Event Logistics - p. 760 259. Chapter 236: Reverse Logistics - p. 760 260. Chapter 237: E-Tailing and Reverse Logistics - p. 760 261. Chapter 238: Green Routing of Freight Vehicles - p. 760 262. Chapter 239: Freight Mode Choice - p. 760 263. Chapter 240: The Value of Time in Freight Transport - p. 760 264. Chapter 241: Behavioral Research in Freight Transport - p. 760 265. Chapter 242: Container (Liner) Shipping - p. 760 266. Chapter 243: Bulk Shipping Markets: An Overview of Market Structure and Dynamics - p. 760 267. Chapter 244: Ferries and Short Sea Shipping - p. 760 268. Chapter 245: Shipping and the Environment - p. 760 269. Chapter 246: Energy Efficiency of Ships - p. 760 270. Chapter 247: Seaports - p. 760 271. Chapter 248: Port Hinterlands - p. 760 272. Chapter 249: Seaports as Clusters of Economic Activities - p. 760 273. Chapter 250: Port Efficiency and Effectiveness - p. 760 274. Chapter 251: Container Port Automation - p. 760 275. Chapter 252: Optimizing Crane Operations in Ports - p. 760 276. Chapter 253: Scheduling of Liner Container Shipping Services - p. 760 277. Chapter 254: Dry Ports - p. 760 278. Chapter 255: Arctic Shipping - p. 760 279. Chapter 256: Airfreight and Economic Development - p. 760 280. Chapter 257: Air Freight Logistics - p. 760 281. Chapter 258: Air Freight Marketing - p. 760 282. Chapter 259: Drones in Freight Transport - p. 760 283. Chapter 260: Duty of Care in the Selection of Motor Carriers - p. 760 284. Chapter 261: Carrier Selection for Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) Shipments - p. 760 285. Chapter 262: Decarbonizing Road Freight Transport - p. 760 286. Chapter 263: The Rebound Effect in Road Freight Transport - p. 760 287. Chapter 264: Autonomous Goods Transport - p. 760 288. Chapter 265: Rail Freight - p. 760 289. Chapter 266: Rail Freight Vehicles - p. 760 290. Chapter 267: Eurasia Rail Freight: Enablers and Inhibitors of Future Growth - p. 760 291. Chapter 268: Intermodal and Synchromodal Freight Transport - p. 760 292. Chapter 269: Pipelines - p. 760 293. Chapter 270: 3D Printers and Transport - p. 760 294. Chapter 271: The Physical Internet and Logistics - p. 760 295. Chapter 272: Bicycles for Urban Freight - p. 760 296. Chapter 273: China's Belt and Road Initiative - p. 494 297. Volume 4 - p. 506 298. Traffic Management Transport Modeling and Data Management - p. 506 299. Chapter 274: Introduction to Traffic Management - p. 506 300. Chapter 275: Urban Motorway Management - Keeping Urban Motorways Safe and Efficient With City Wide Coordinated Ramp Meters - p. 506 301. Chapter 276: Ramp Metering Application - Keeping Urban Motorways Safe and Efficient With City Wide Coordinated Ramp Meters - p. 506 302. Chapter 277: City Wide Coordinated Ramp Meters - Keeping Urban Motorways Safe and Efficient With City Wide Coordinated Ramp Meters - p. 506 303. Chapter 278: Variable Speed Limits for Traffic Efficiency Improvement - p. 506 304. Chapter 279: Hard Shoulder Running - p. 506 305. Chapter 280: High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) and High-Occupancy Toll (HOT) Lanes - p. 506 306. Chapter 281: Reversible Lanes: Guidelines, Operation and Control, Research Directions - p. 506 307. Chapter 282: Electronic Toll Collection - p. 506 308. Chapter 283: Road Pricing—Theory and Applications - p. 506 309. Chapter 284: Road Pricing 1: The Theory of Congestion Pricing - p. 506 310. Chapter 285: Road Pricing 2: Short- and Long-Run Equilibrium of Road Transportation - p. 506 311. Chapter 286: Road Pricing 3: The Implications for Pricing Public Transportation - p. 506 312. Chapter 287: Road Pricing 4: Case Study—The Implementation of Electronic Road Pricing in Hong Kong - p. 506 313. Chapter 288: Advanced Travelers Information Systems (ATIS) - p. 506 314. Chapter 289: Travel Time Reliability - p. 506 315. Chapter 290: Traffic Incident Management - p. 506 316. Chapter 291: Traffic Incident Detection - p. 506 317. Chapter 292: Bottleneck - p. 506 318. Chapter 293: Flow Breakdown - p. 506 319. Chapter 294: Recurrent Congestion - p. 506 320. Chapter 295: Nonrecurrent Congestion - p. 506 321. Chapter 296: Freeway to Arterial Interfaces - p. 506 322. Chapter 297: Arterial Road Management - p. 506 323. Chapter 298: Signalized Intersections - p. 506 324. Chapter 299: Protected Phase - p. 506 325. Chapter 300: Permitted Phase - p. 506 326. Chapter 301: Hook Turns: Implementation, Benefits, and Limitations - p. 506 327. Chapter 302: Signal Coordination - p. 506 328. Chapter 303: Emergency Vehicle Priority (Preemption): Concept and Advancements - p. 506 329. Chapter 304: Signalized Roundabouts - p. 506 330. Chapter 305: Turbo Roundabouts: Design, Capacity, and Comparison With Alternative Types of Roundabouts - p. 506 331. Chapter 306: Capacity of an Intersection - p. 506 332. Chapter 307: Delay - p. 506 333. Chapter 308: Queue Length - p. 506 334. Chapter 309: Local Area Traffic Management - p. 506 335. Chapter 310: On-Street Parking - p. 506 336. Chapter 311: Off-Street Parking - p. 506 337. Chapter 312: Parking Information Systems - p. 506 338. Chapter 313: Performance-Based Parking Management - p. 506 339. Chapter 314: Transit Priority - p. 506 340. Chapter 315: Adaptive Bus Control - p. 506 341. Chapter 316: Transit Fare Collection - p. 506 342. Chapter 317: Transit Information Systems - p. 506 343. Chapter 318: Tram Lane Configurations and Driving Rules - p. 506 344. Chapter 319: Railway Crossing - p. 506 345. Chapter 320: Pedestrian Crossing (Crosswalk) - p. 506 346. Chapter 321: Bike-Sharing System: Uncovering the “Success Factors” - p. 506 347. Chapter 322: Airspace Systems Technologies—Overview and Opportunities - p. 506 348. Chapter 323: Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management - p. 506 349. Chapter 324: Port Management - p. 506 350. Chapter 325: Port Performance Measurement From a Multistakeholder Perspective - p. 506 351. Chapter 326: Transport Modeling and Data Management - p. 506 352. Chapter 327: Computational Methods and Data Analytics - p. 506 353. Chapter 328: Activity-Based Models - p. 506 354. Chapter 329: Advanced Traveler Information Systems - p. 506 355. Chapter 330: Demand-Responsive Transit, Evaluation Studies - p. 506 356. Chapter 331: Location Choice Models - p. 506 357. Chapter 332: Full Feedback and Equilibrium Modeling in Urban Travel Forecasting - p. 506 358. Chapter 333: The Use and Value of Geographic Information Systems in Transportation Modeling - p. 506 359. Chapter 334: Latent Demand and Induced Travel - p. 506 360. Chapter 335: ICT, Virtual and In-Person Activity Participation, and Travel Choice Analysis - p. 506 361. Chapter 336: Public Transit Ridership Forecasting Models - p. 506 362. Chapter 337: Spatial Mismatch, Job Access, and Reverse Commuting - p. 506 363. Chapter 338: Microsimulation and Agent-Based Models in Transportation - p. 506 364. Chapter 339: Choice Models in Transportation - p. 506 365. Chapter 340: Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis - p. 506 366. Chapter 341: The National Household Travel Survey Data Series (NPTS/NHTS) - p. 506 367. Chapter 342: Route Choice and Network Modeling - p. 506 368. Chapter 343: Departure Time Choice Modeling - p. 506 369. Chapter 344: Traveler Responses to Congestion - p. 506 370. Chapter 345: Origin–Destination Demand Estimation Models - p. 506 371. Chapter 346: Parking Demand Models - p. 506 372. Chapter 347: Pavement Management Systems - p. 506 373. Chapter 348: Residential Location Choice Models - p. 506 374. Chapter 349: Transport Demand Management - p. 506 375. Chapter 350: Traffic Flow Analysis - p. 506 376. Chapter 351: Autonomous Vehicles and Transportation Modeling - p. 506 377. Chapter 352: Ride-Hailing and Travel Demand Implications - p. 506 378. Chapter 353: Transportation Modeling and Planning Software - p. 506 379. Chapter 354: Transportation Statistics and Databases - p. 506 380. Chapter 355: Travel Surveys - p. 506 381. Chapter 356: Travel Demand Forecasting: Where are we and What are the Emerging Issues - p. 506 382. Chapter 357: Travel Model Calibration and Validation - p. 506 383. Chapter 358: Trip Chaining Analysis - p. 506 384. Chapter 359: Vehicle Ownership Models - p. 506 385. Chapter 360: Bicycle Sharing/Bikesharing - p. 506 386. Chapter 361: Carsharing - p. 506 387. Chapter 362: Urban Recreational Travel - p. 506 388. Chapter 363: Place Perception and Travel Behavior - p. 506 389. Volume 5 - p. 641 390. Transport Modes - p. 641 391. Chapter 364: Transport Modes - p. 641 392. Chapter 365: Infrastructure Transport Investments, Economic Growth and Regional Convergence - p. 641 393. Chapter 366: Transport Modes and an Aging Society - p. 641 394. Chapter 367: Sustainable Mobility Paths - p. 641 395. Chapter 368: Vehicles That Drive Themselves: What to Expect With Autonomous Vehicles - p. 641 396. Chapter 369: Transport Modes and Tourism - p. 641 397. Chapter 370: Transport Modes and Accessibility - p. 641 398. Chapter 371: Transport Modes and Globalization - p. 641 399. Chapter 372: Transport Modes and Cities - p. 641 400. Chapter 373: Transport Modes and Remote Areas - p. 641 401. Chapter 374: Modeling Mode Choice in Freight Transport - p. 641 402. Chapter 375: Travel Mode Choice as Reasoned Action - p. 641 403. Chapter 376: Energy Consumption of Transport Modes - p. 641 404. Chapter 377: Transport Modes and People with Limited Mobility - p. 641 405. Chapter 378: Transport Modes and Commuters - p. 641 406. Chapter 379: Shopping and Transport Modes - p. 641 407. Chapter 380: Transport Modes and Health - p. 641 408. Chapter 381: Multimodality in Transportation - p. 641 409. Chapter 382: Transport Modes and Disasters - p. 641 410. Chapter 383: Big Data for Public Transport Planning - p. 641 411. Chapter 384: Active Transport: Heterogeneous Street Users Serving Movement and Place Functions - p. 641 412. Chapter 385: Electric Vehicles - p. 641 413. Chapter 386: Shared Mobility: An Overview of Definitions, Current Practices, and Its Relationship to Mobility on Demand and Mobility as a Service - p. 641 414. Chapter 387: Adoption of new travel information platforms - p. 641 415. Chapter 388: ICT and Transport Modes - p. 641 416. Chapter 389: Mode Choice and Life Events - p. 641 417. Chapter 390: Introduction to Air Transport - p. 641 418. Chapter 391: The History of Air Transportation - p. 641 419. Chapter 392: The Geography of Air Transport - p. 641 420. Chapter 393: The Future of Air Transport - p. 641 421. Chapter 394: Air Transport and Its Territorial Implications - p. 641 422. Chapter 395: Next Generation Travel: Young Adults’ Travel Patterns - p. 641 423. Chapter 396: Airport Network Planning and Its Integration with the HSR System - p. 641 424. Chapter 397: Airport Management - p. 641 425. Chapter 398: Airport Regulation - p. 641 426. Chapter 399: Air Route Planning and Development - p. 641 427. Chapter 400: Airline Management - p. 641 428. Chapter 401: Air Cargo - p. 641 429. Chapter 402: Airline Regulation - p. 641 430. Chapter 403: Air Vehicles Classification - p. 641 431. Chapter 404: Aircraft Manufacturing - p. 641 432. Chapter 405: A Geography of Road Transport in Cities - p. 641 433. Chapter 406: The Future of Road Transport - p. 641 434. Chapter 407: Road Transportation and Territorial Scale - p. 641 435. Chapter 408: Road Modes: Walking - p. 641 436. Chapter 409: Bus Public Transport Planning and Operations - p. 641 437. Chapter 410: Street Design for Active Travel - p. 641 438. Chapter 411: Transit Planning and Management - p. 641 439. Chapter 412: Road Infrastructure: Planning, Impact and Management - p. 641 440. Chapter 413: Road Transport Planning at the Urban Scale - p. 641 441. Chapter 414: Road Traffic Regulation: Road Pricing and Environmental Quality - p. 641 442. Chapter 415: Car Ownership and Car Use: A Psychological Perspective - p. 641 443. Chapter 416: Road Transport: E-Scooters - p. 641 444. Chapter 417: Railway Station and Network Planning - p. 641 445. Chapter 418: Introduction to Rail Transport - p. 641 446. Chapter 419: The History of Rail Transport - p. 641 447. Chapter 420: The Geography of Rail Transport - p. 641 448. Chapter 421: Rail Transport and Territorial Scale - p. 641 449. Chapter 422: Railway Management - p. 641 450. Chapter 423: Railway Terminal Regulation - p. 641 451. Chapter 424: Service Network Design for Freight Railroads - p. 463 452. Chapter 425: Subway Systems - p. 470 453. Chapter 426: Railway Company Management - p. 478 454. Chapter 427: Regulation of Rail Infrastructure and Services - p. 484 455. Chapter 428: Rail Vehicle Classification - p. 487 456. Chapter 429: Introduction to Maritime Shipping - p. 507 457. Chapter 430: The Geography of Maritime Transport - p. 516 458. Chapter 431: The Future of Maritime Transport - p. 534 459. Chapter 432: Maritime Transport and Territorial Scale - p. 539 460. Chapter 433: Containerization and the Port Industry - p. 539 461. Chapter 434: Port Management - p. 539 462. Chapter 435: Economic and Environmental Regulation in the Port Sector - p. 539 463. Chapter 436: Maritime Route Planning - p. 539 464. Chapter 437: Inland Waterway Transport and Inland Ports: An Overview of Synchromodal Concepts, Drivers, and Success Cases in the IWW Sector - p. 539 465. Chapter 438: Maritime Company Passenger Management/Liner Industry - p. 539 466. Chapter 439: Cruise Industry - p. 539 467. Chapter 440: International Maritime Regulation: Closing the Gaps Between Successful Achievements and Persistent Insufficiencies - p. 539 468. Chapter 441: Ship Classification - p. 539 469. Chapter 442: The Shipbuilding Industry and its Interactions With Shipping - p. 616 470. Chapter 443: Methods for Designing Public Transport Networks - p. 624 471. Chapter 444: Space Transportation - p. 634 472. Chapter 445: Pipelines - p. 645 473. Chapter 446: Women and Transport Modes - p. 655 474. Chapter 447: Transport Modes and Big Data - p. 664 475. Chapter 448: Transport Modes and Inequalities - p. 670 476. Chapter 449: Railway Traffic Management - p. 677 477. Chapter 450: Indoor Transportation - p. 683 478. Chapter 451: Bicycle as a Transportation Mode - p. 696 479. Chapter 452: Urban Air Mobility: Opportunities and Obstacles - p. 701 480. Chapter 453: Transport Modes and Sustainability - p. 709 481. Volume 6 - p. 714 482. Transport Policy and Planning - p. 714 483. Chapter 454: Introduction to Transport Policy and Planning - p. 714 484. Chapter 455: Workplace Parking Levy - p. 714 485. Chapter 456: Air Transport - p. 714 486. Chapter 457: Mobility as a Service - p. 714 487. Chapter 458: Bicycle Sharing - p. 714 488. Chapter 459: Light Rail - p. 714 489. Chapter 460: Planning Tourism Travel - p. 714 490. Chapter 461: Transport Planning and Management and its Implications in Chinese Cities - p. 714 491. Chapter 462: Road Safety - p. 714 492. Chapter 463: Mobility Planning and Policies for Older People - p. 714 493. Chapter 464: Electric Mobility - p. 714 494. Chapter 465: Transport Policy and Governance - p. 714 495. Chapter 466: Transferability of Urban Policy Measures - p. 714 496. Chapter 467: Accessibility Tools for Transport Policy and Planning - p. 714 497. Chapter 468: Demand Responsive Transport - p. 714 498. Chapter 469: Transport and Climate Change - p. 714 499. Chapter 470: Taxicabs and Microtransit - p. 714 500. Chapter 471: Land-Use and Transport Planning - p. 714 501. Chapter 472: Parking - p. 714 502. Chapter 473: Transport Planning in the Global South - p. 714 503. Chapter 474: Planning for Children's Independent Mobility - p. 714 504. Chapter 475: The Politics of Mobility Policy - p. 714 505. Chapter 476: Technology Enabled Data for Sustainable Transport Policy - p. 714 506. Chapter 477: Car Sharing - p. 714 507. Chapter 478: Toward a More Holistic Understanding of Mega Transport Project (MTP) Success - p. 714 508. Chapter 479: Equity Considerations in Transport Planning - p. 714 509. Chapter 480: Planning for Rail Transport - p. 714 510. Chapter 481: Connected and Autonomous Vehicles: Priorities for Policy and Planning - p. 714 511. Chapter 482: Gendered Mobility - p. 714 512. Chapter 483: Modeling and Simulation for Transport Planning - p. 714 513. Chapter 484: Externalities and External Costs in Transport Planning - p. 714 514. Chapter 485: Planning for Public Transport with Automated Vehicles - p. 714 515. Chapter 486: Urban Congestion Charging in Transport Planning Practice - p. 714 516. Chapter 487: Energy and Transport Planning - p. 714 517. Chapter 488: Customer Satisfaction as a Measure of Service Quality in Public Transport Planning - p. 714 518. Chapter 489: Car Sharing and the Impact on New Car Registration - p. 224 519. Chapter 490: Evaluation Methods in Transport Policy and Planning - p. 224 520. Chapter 491: Transport and Air Quality Planning and Policy - p. 224 521. Chapter 492: Cycling Policies - p. 239 522. Chapter 493: Community Severance - p. 239 523. Chapter 494: Planning for Bus Priority - p. 239 524. Chapter 495: High-Speed Rail and the City - p. 239 525. Chapter 496: Public Engagement in Transport Planning - p. 239 526. Chapter 497: Long-Distance Travel - p. 239 527. Chapter 498: Urban Freight Policy - p. 239 528. Chapter 499: Regional Transport Planning - p. 239 529. Chapter 500: Transport Project Financing - p. 239 530. Chapter 501: ITS for Transport Planning and Policies - p. 239 531. Chapter 502: Transitions and Disruptive Technologies in Transport Planning - p. 239 532. Chapter 503: Community Transport: Filling the Gaps for Those in Need of Mobility - p. 239 533. Chapter 504: Fundamental Emerging Concepts and Trends for Environmental Friendly Urban Goods Distribution Systems - p. 319 534. Chapter 505: Plateau Car - p. 323 535. Chapter 506: Emerging Trends in Transport Demand Modeling in the Transition Toward Shared Mobility and Autonomy - p. 330 536. Chapter 507: Policy and Planning for Walkability - p. 338 537. Chapter 508: Public Transport Subsidy and Regulation - p. 348 538. Chapter 509: Urban Regeneration and Transportation Planning - p. 355 539. Chapter 510: Social and Distributional Impact Assessment in Transport Policy - p. 360 540. Chapter 511: Mobility Planning for Healthy Cities - p. 367 541. Chapter 512: Transport Demand Management - p. 373 542. Chapter 513: Planning and the Global Movement of Goods and Commodities - p. 379 543. Chapter 514: Public Transport Network Planning - p. 387 544. Chapter 515: A Timely Perspective on Planning for Ageing Infrastructure - p. 394 545. Chapter 516: The Role of Media in Transport Planning and the Transport Policy Process - p. 398 546. Chapter 517: Travel Plans - p. 398 547. Chapter 518: Home Deliveries and Their Impact on Planning and Policy - p. 398 548. Chapter 519: Planning for Safe and Secure Transport Infrastructure - p. 398 549. Chapter 520: Sensors and Data Driven Approaches in Transport - p. 398 550. Chapter 521: Planning Active Travel and School Transport - p. 398 551. Volume 7 - p. 398 552. Transport Psychology Transport Sustainability and Health - p. 398 553. Chapter 522: Introduction to Transport Psychology - p. 398 554. Chapter 523: From Self-Reports to Auto-Tech-Detect (ATD)-Based Self-Reports in Traffic Research - p. 1 555. Chapter 524: Observational Field Studies in Traffic Psychology - p. 7 556. Chapter 525: Driving Simulators - p. 13 557. Chapter 526: Naturalistic Driving Studies: An Overview and International Perspective - p. 19 558. Chapter 527: A Detailed Approach to Qualitative Research Methods - p. 38 559. Chapter 528: Behavioral Change - p. 45 560. Chapter 529: Habitual Behavior - p. 53 561. Chapter 530: Driving Behavior and Skills - p. 58 562. Chapter 531: The Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory - p. 64 563. Chapter 532: Risk Perception in Transport: A Review of the State of the Art - p. 73 564. Chapter 533: Social-Symbolic and Affective Aspects of Car Ownership and Use - p. 80 565. Chapter 534: Pitfalls of Statistical Methods in Traffic Psychology - p. 86 566. Chapter 535: Data Analysis: Structural Equation Models - p. 95 567. Chapter 536: Data Analysis: Integrated Choice and Latent Variable Models - p. 101 568. Chapter 537: Explaining Data Analysis Using Qualitative Methods - p. 106 569. Chapter 538: Environmental Justice, Transport Justice, and Mobility Justice - p. 112 570. Chapter 539: Driver Aggression and Anger - p. 120 571. Chapter 540: Speeding: A “Tragedy of the Commons” Behavior - p. 129 572. Chapter 541: Cycling as a Mode Choice: Motivational Psychology - p. 135 573. Chapter 542: Motorcyclists - p. 143 574. Chapter 543: Drivers’ Hazard Perception Skill - p. 150 575. Chapter 544: Driver Education and Training for New Drivers: Moving beyond Current ‘Wisdom’ to New Directions - p. 157 576. Chapter 545: Road Safety Advertising: What We Currently Know and Where to From Here - p. 164 577. Chapter 546: Traffic Law Enforcement Theories and Models - p. 170 578. Chapter 547: Satisfaction With Travel and the Relationship to Well-Being - p. 176 579. Chapter 548: Electromobility: History, Definitions and an Overview of Psychological Research on a Sustainable Mobility System - p. 181 580. Chapter 549: Sharing: Attitudes and Perceptions - p. 186 581. Chapter 550: Women's Travel Patterns, Attitudes, and Constraints Around the World - p. 192 582. Chapter 551: Driver Stress and Driving Performance - p. 202 583. Chapter 552: Introduction to Sustainability and Health in Transportation - p. 223 584. Chapter 553: Sustainable Development Goals and Health - p. 225 585. Chapter 554: Human Ecology - p. 233 586. Chapter 555: Car-Free Cities - p. 238 587. Chapter 556: Superblocks Base of a New Model of Mobility and Public Space. Barcelona as an Example - p. 248 588. Chapter 557: Resilience of Transport Systems - p. 257 589. Chapter 558: Impact of Shipping to Atmospheric Pollutants: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives - p. 267 590. Chapter 559: Noise Pollution From Transport - p. 276 591. Chapter 560: Visual Impacts From Transport - p. 284 592. Chapter 561: Light Pollution - p. 291 593. Chapter 562: Wildlife Crossings and Barriers - p. 296 594. Chapter 563: Environmental Justice, Transport Justice, and Mobility Justice - p. 304 595. Chapter 564: Transport Noise and Health - p. 310 596. Chapter 565: Climate Change and Health, Related to Transport - p. 313 597. Chapter 566: Urban Greenspace, Transportation, and Health - p. 313 598. Chapter 567: Transport Access and Health - p. 313 599. Chapter 568: Social Exclusion and Health, Related to Transport - p. 339 600. Chapter 569: Burden of Disease Assessment - p. 339 601. Chapter 570: Achieving a Near-Zero CO2 Transportation System Worldwide by 2050 - p. 339 602. Chapter 571: Disabled Travelers - p. 339 603. Chapter 572: Health Impacts of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles - p. 339 604. Chapter 573: Electric Vehicles and Health - p. 339 605. Chapter 574: Shared Mobility Opportunities and Their Computational Challenges for Improving Health-Related Quality of Life - p. 339 606. Chapter 575: Bike Sharing and Health - p. 339 607. Chapter 576: E-Bikes and Health - p. 339 608. Index - p. 339