Based on the highly regarded Walls Manual of Emergency Airway Management and part of the Manual of Emergency Medicine series envisioned by leading authority in emergency medicine, Dr. Ron M. Walls, Manual of Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Emergencies provides evidence-based, easy-to-read coverage of these commonly seen emergencies. Through the direction and expertise of lead editor Dr. Daniel J. Egan and associate editors Drs. Gareth M.C. Lema, Di (Fan) Coneybeare, and Marita S. Teng, this reference is a practical guide to approaching the patient with an EENT complaint in a systematic way, providing a hands-on framework for clinical decision making and therapeutic interventions.
1. INTRODUCTION - p. 23 2. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 23 3. MASTOIDITIS - p. 24 4. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 24 5. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 25 6. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 26 7. MANAGEMENT - p. 28 8. 5. External Ear: Perichondritis, Lacerations, Auricular Hematoma - p. 32 9. INTRODUCTION - p. 32 10. CLINICAL CHALLENGES - p. 32 11. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 33 12. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 34 13. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 34 14. MANAGEMENT - p. 34 15. 6. Sudden Hearing Loss - p. 41 16. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 41 17. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 41 18. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 43 19. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 43 20. MANAGEMENT - p. 44 21. 7. Acute Vertigo - p. 47 22. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 47 23. 8. Tympanic Membrane Perforation: Traumatic, Infectious - p. 61 24. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 61 25. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 61 26. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 62 27. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 63 28. MANAGEMENT - p. 64 29. 9. Facial Paralysis - p. 66 30. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 66 31. FACIAL NERVE ANATOMY - p. 66 32. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 66 33. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 67 34. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 68 35. MANAGEMENT OF BP - p. 69 36. SECTION 3: The Nose - p. 73 37. 10. Epistaxis - p. 73 38. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 73 39. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 73 40. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 73 41. 11. Rhinitis, Sinusitis, Including Orbital and Cranial Complications, Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis - p. 79 42. INTRODUCTION - p. 79 43. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 79 44. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 80 45. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 80 46. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 83 47. MANAGEMENT - p. 83 48. SECTION 4: Common Head and Neck Infections - p. 87 49. 12. Sialolithiasis/Sialadenitis - p. 87 50. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 87 51. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 87 52. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 89 53. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 91 54. 13. Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis/Peritonsillar Abscess - p. 95 55. INTRODUCTION - p. 95 56. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 95 57. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 96 58. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 97 59. MANAGEMENT - p. 98 60. PEDIATRIC ISSUES - p. 100 61. 14. Deep Space Neck Infections: Retropharyngeal Abscess, Ludwig Angina, Lemierre Syndrome - p. 103 62. INTRODUCTION - p. 103 63. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 103 64. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 105 65. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 106 66. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 108 67. MANAGEMENT - p. 108 68. SECTION 5: Airway Emergencies - p. 113 69. 15. Angioedema - p. 113 70. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 113 71. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 113 72. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 114 73. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 116 74. MANAGEMENT - p. 116 75. 16. Epiglottitis - p. 121 76. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 121 77. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 121 78. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 122 79. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 122 80. MANAGEMENT - p. 125 81. PEDIATRIC ISSUES - p. 125 82. 17. Tracheostomy Emergencies - p. 129 83. INTRODUCTION - p. 129 84. RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE CRASHING TRACHEOSTOMY PATIENT - p. 131 85. TRACHEOSTOMY COMPLICATIONS - p. 132 86. TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE DISLODGEMENT - p. 132 87. TRACHEOSTOMY BLEEDING - p. 133 88. TRACHEOSTOMY OBSTRUCTION - p. 134 89. TRACHEOSTOMY INFECTION - p. 134 90. TRACHEOMALACIA - p. 135 91. 18. Posttonsillectomy Hemorrhage/Pain - p. 136 92. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 136 93. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 137 94. Approach/The Focused Exam - p. 137 95. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 138 96. MANAGEMENT - p. 139 97. PEDIATRIC ISSUES - p. 140 98. SECTION 6: Trauma - p. 143 99. 19. Nasal Trauma: Fractures, Septal Hematoma - p. 143 100. INTRODUCTION - p. 143 101. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY/EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 143 102. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 144 103. DIAGNOSIS - p. 145 104. MANAGEMENT - p. 145 105. PEDIATRIC ISSUES - p. 146 106. 20. Facial Trauma: Frontal Sinus, Maxillary and Mandibular Fractures, Dental Injuries - p. 148 107. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 148 108. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 148 109. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 148 110. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 150 111. MANAGEMENT - p. 150 112. PEDIATRIC ISSUES - p. 153 113. 21. Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea, Rhinorrhea, and Temporal Bone Fractures - p. 155 114. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 155 115. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 155 116. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 157 117. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 159 118. MANAGEMENT - p. 159 119. 22. Penetrating Neck Injuries - p. 162 120. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 162 121. Approach/The Focused Exam - p. 162 122. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF INJURY BY ZONE - p. 167 123. MANAGEMENT - p. 168 124. 23. Foreign Bodies of the Ears, Nose, and Throat - p. 172 125. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 172 126. EAR FOREIGN BODIES - p. 172 127. EARLOBE FOREIGN BODIES - p. 174 128. NASAL FOREIGN BODIES - p. 174 129. PHARYNGEAL FOREIGN BODIES - p. 175 130. AIRWAY FOREIGN BODIES - p. 175 131. ESOPHAGEAL FOREIGN BODIES - p. 177 132. PART 2: OPHTHALMOLOGY - p. 181 133. SECTION 1: Principles of Urgent and Emergent Ophthalmology - p. 181 134. 24. Anatomy of the Eye - p. 181 135. ORBITAL AND OCULAR ANATOMY - p. 181 136. 25. Evaluation of Ocular Emergencies - p. 191 137. The Clinical Challenge - p. 191 138. EXAMINATION OF THE EYE - p. 192 139. 26. Ocular Imaging - p. 198 140. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 198 141. RADIOGRAPHY (X-RAY) - p. 198 142. ULTRASOUND (B-SCAN) - p. 198 143. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) - p. 200 144. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) - p. 201 145. ANGIOGRAPHY - p. 201 146. FUNDUS PHOTOGRAPHY - p. 202 147. 27. Communication with Ophthalmology Consultants and Telehealth - p. 205 148. SECTION 2: Orbit - p. 211 149. 28. Orbital Trauma - p. 211 150. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 211 151. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 211 152. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 213 153. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 214 154. MANAGEMENT - p. 214 155. PEDIATRIC CONCERNS - p. 216 156. 29. Orbital Tumors - p. 218 157. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 218 158. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 218 159. Approach/The Focused Exam - p. 218 160. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 223 161. MANAGEMENT - p. 224 162. 30. Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis - p. 226 163. CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 226 164. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 226 165. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 228 166. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 229 167. MANAGEMENT - p. 231 168. SECTION 3: Eyelids - p. 233 169. 31. Eyelid Lacerations - p. 233 170. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 233 171. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 233 172. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 234 173. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 236 174. MANAGEMENT - p. 236 175. PEDIATRIC ISSUES - p. 237 176. 32. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - p. 240 177. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 240 178. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 240 179. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 243 180. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 244 181. MANAGEMENT - p. 244 182. 33. Eyelid Lesions - p. 247 183. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 247 184. MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM - p. 247 185. CHALAZION/HORDEOLUM - p. 251 186. Pyogenic Granuloma - p. 253 187. 34. Ptosis - p. 256 188. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 256 189. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 256 190. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 256 191. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 258 192. SECTION 4: Ocular Surface - p. 265 193. 35. Corneal Trauma: Abrasions, Lacerations, Foreign Bodies, Burns, and Contact Lenses - p. 265 194. INTRODUCTION - p. 265 195. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 265 196. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 267 197. MANAGEMENT - p. 267 198. MANAGEMENT - p. 269 199. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 270 200. EMERGENT EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT - p. 270 201. 36. The Red Eye: Keratitis, Conjunctivitis, Episcleritis, Scleritis, Pterygium/Pinguecula - p. 274 202. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 274 203. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 274 204. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 276 205. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 279 206. MANAGEMENT - p. 280 207. 37. The Pediatric Red Eye: Ophthalmia Neonatorum, Conjunctivitis, and Uveitis - p. 284 208. INTRODUCTION - p. 284 209. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 284 210. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 285 211. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 287 212. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 288 213. MANAGEMENT - p. 289 214. MANAGEMENT - p. 290 215. SECTION 5: Anterior Segment - p. 293 216. 38. Anterior Uveitis, Hypopyon, and Hyphema - p. 293 217. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 293 218. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 293 219. Approach/THE Focused Exam - p. 295 220. Differential Diagnosis - p. 297 221. Management - p. 298 222. 39. Lens Dislocation - p. 301 223. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 301 224. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 302 225. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 302 226. MANAGEMENT - p. 305 227. 40. Leukocoria - p. 307 228. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 307 229. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 307 230. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 308 231. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 308 232. RETINOBLASTOMA - p. 308 233. PEDIATRIC CATARACT - p. 309 234. COATS DISEASE - p. 310 235. PERSISTENT FETAL VASCULATURE - p. 310 236. VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE - p. 310 237. OCULAR TOXOCARIASIS (OCULAR LARVA MIGRANS) - p. 311 238. RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY - p. 311 239. RETINAL DYSPLASIA - p. 311 240. FAMILIAL EXUDATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY (FEVR) - p. 312 241. OTHER - p. 312 242. MANAGEMENT - p. 312 243. SECTION 6: Posterior Segment - p. 315 244. 41. Vascular Retinopathies - p. 315 245. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 315 246. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 315 247. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 316 248. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 319 249. MANAGEMENT - p. 319 250. 42. Vitreous Detachment, Retinal Tear, and Retinal Detachment - p. 322 251. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 322 252. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 325 253. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 326 254. MANAGEMENT - p. 326 255. 43. Infectious and Inflammatory Retinal Diseases - p. 329 256. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 329 257. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 329 258. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 330 259. MANAGEMENT - p. 331 260. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 332 261. PEDIATRIC ISSUES - p. 332 262. 44. Nonaccidental Trauma - p. 335 263. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 335 264. Approach/The Focused Exam - p. 336 265. 45. Blunt Trauma and Open Globes - p. 341 266. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 341 267. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 341 268. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 342 269. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 346 270. MANAGEMENT - p. 346 271. PEDIATRIC ISSUES - p. 347 272. SECTION 7: Glaucoma - p. 351 273. 46. Open Angle and Traumatic Glaucoma - p. 351 274. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 351 275. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 353 276. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 354 277. MANAGEMENT - p. 354 278. PREGNANCY AND PEDIATRICS - p. 356 279. 47. Angle Closure Glaucoma - p. 358 280. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 358 281. Pathophysiology - p. 358 282. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 360 283. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 361 284. MANAGEMENT - p. 361 285. SECTION 8: Neuro-ophthalmology - p. 365 286. 48. Pupils - p. 365 287. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 365 288. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 365 289. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 366 290. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND ASSOCIATED MANAGEMENT - p. 367 291. 49. Diplopia - p. 373 292. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 373 293. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 373 294. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 376 295. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 378 296. MANAGEMENT - p. 378 297. 50. Optic Neuropathies: Ischemic, Inflammatory, Infectious, or Compressive - p. 382 298. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 382 299. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 382 300. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 384 301. MANAGEMENT - p. 385 302. PEDIATRIC ISSUES - p. 386 303. 51. Papilledema - p. 389 304. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 389 305. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 389 306. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 389 307. VISUALIZATION OF THE OPTIC NERVE - p. 389 308. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 392 309. MANAGEMENT - p. 393 310. Index - p. 397
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Based on the highly regarded Walls Manual of Emergency Airway Management and part of the Manual of Emergency Medicine series envisioned by leading authority in emergency medicine, Dr. Ron M. Walls, Manual of Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Emergencies provides evidence-based, easy-to-read coverage of these commonly seen emergencies. Through the direction and expertise of lead editor Dr. Daniel J. Egan and associate editors Drs. Gareth M.C. Lema, Di (Fan) Coneybeare, and Marita S. Teng, this reference is a practical guide to approaching the patient with an EENT complaint in a systematic way, providing a hands-on framework for clinical decision making and therapeutic interventions.
1. INTRODUCTION - p. 23 2. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 23 3. MASTOIDITIS - p. 24 4. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 24 5. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 25 6. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 26 7. MANAGEMENT - p. 28 8. 5. External Ear: Perichondritis, Lacerations, Auricular Hematoma - p. 32 9. INTRODUCTION - p. 32 10. CLINICAL CHALLENGES - p. 32 11. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 33 12. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 34 13. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 34 14. MANAGEMENT - p. 34 15. 6. Sudden Hearing Loss - p. 41 16. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 41 17. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 41 18. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 43 19. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 43 20. MANAGEMENT - p. 44 21. 7. Acute Vertigo - p. 47 22. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 47 23. 8. Tympanic Membrane Perforation: Traumatic, Infectious - p. 61 24. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 61 25. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 61 26. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 62 27. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 63 28. MANAGEMENT - p. 64 29. 9. Facial Paralysis - p. 66 30. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 66 31. FACIAL NERVE ANATOMY - p. 66 32. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 66 33. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 67 34. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 68 35. MANAGEMENT OF BP - p. 69 36. SECTION 3: The Nose - p. 73 37. 10. Epistaxis - p. 73 38. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 73 39. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 73 40. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 73 41. 11. Rhinitis, Sinusitis, Including Orbital and Cranial Complications, Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis - p. 79 42. INTRODUCTION - p. 79 43. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 79 44. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 80 45. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 80 46. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 83 47. MANAGEMENT - p. 83 48. SECTION 4: Common Head and Neck Infections - p. 87 49. 12. Sialolithiasis/Sialadenitis - p. 87 50. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 87 51. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 87 52. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 89 53. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 91 54. 13. Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis/Peritonsillar Abscess - p. 95 55. INTRODUCTION - p. 95 56. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 95 57. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 96 58. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 97 59. MANAGEMENT - p. 98 60. PEDIATRIC ISSUES - p. 100 61. 14. Deep Space Neck Infections: Retropharyngeal Abscess, Ludwig Angina, Lemierre Syndrome - p. 103 62. INTRODUCTION - p. 103 63. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 103 64. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 105 65. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 106 66. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 108 67. MANAGEMENT - p. 108 68. SECTION 5: Airway Emergencies - p. 113 69. 15. Angioedema - p. 113 70. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 113 71. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 113 72. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 114 73. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 116 74. MANAGEMENT - p. 116 75. 16. Epiglottitis - p. 121 76. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 121 77. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 121 78. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 122 79. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 122 80. MANAGEMENT - p. 125 81. PEDIATRIC ISSUES - p. 125 82. 17. Tracheostomy Emergencies - p. 129 83. INTRODUCTION - p. 129 84. RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE CRASHING TRACHEOSTOMY PATIENT - p. 131 85. TRACHEOSTOMY COMPLICATIONS - p. 132 86. TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE DISLODGEMENT - p. 132 87. TRACHEOSTOMY BLEEDING - p. 133 88. TRACHEOSTOMY OBSTRUCTION - p. 134 89. TRACHEOSTOMY INFECTION - p. 134 90. TRACHEOMALACIA - p. 135 91. 18. Posttonsillectomy Hemorrhage/Pain - p. 136 92. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 136 93. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 137 94. Approach/The Focused Exam - p. 137 95. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 138 96. MANAGEMENT - p. 139 97. PEDIATRIC ISSUES - p. 140 98. SECTION 6: Trauma - p. 143 99. 19. Nasal Trauma: Fractures, Septal Hematoma - p. 143 100. INTRODUCTION - p. 143 101. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY/EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 143 102. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 144 103. DIAGNOSIS - p. 145 104. MANAGEMENT - p. 145 105. PEDIATRIC ISSUES - p. 146 106. 20. Facial Trauma: Frontal Sinus, Maxillary and Mandibular Fractures, Dental Injuries - p. 148 107. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 148 108. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 148 109. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 148 110. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 150 111. MANAGEMENT - p. 150 112. PEDIATRIC ISSUES - p. 153 113. 21. Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea, Rhinorrhea, and Temporal Bone Fractures - p. 155 114. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 155 115. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 155 116. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 157 117. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 159 118. MANAGEMENT - p. 159 119. 22. Penetrating Neck Injuries - p. 162 120. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 162 121. Approach/The Focused Exam - p. 162 122. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF INJURY BY ZONE - p. 167 123. MANAGEMENT - p. 168 124. 23. Foreign Bodies of the Ears, Nose, and Throat - p. 172 125. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 172 126. EAR FOREIGN BODIES - p. 172 127. EARLOBE FOREIGN BODIES - p. 174 128. NASAL FOREIGN BODIES - p. 174 129. PHARYNGEAL FOREIGN BODIES - p. 175 130. AIRWAY FOREIGN BODIES - p. 175 131. ESOPHAGEAL FOREIGN BODIES - p. 177 132. PART 2: OPHTHALMOLOGY - p. 181 133. SECTION 1: Principles of Urgent and Emergent Ophthalmology - p. 181 134. 24. Anatomy of the Eye - p. 181 135. ORBITAL AND OCULAR ANATOMY - p. 181 136. 25. Evaluation of Ocular Emergencies - p. 191 137. The Clinical Challenge - p. 191 138. EXAMINATION OF THE EYE - p. 192 139. 26. Ocular Imaging - p. 198 140. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 198 141. RADIOGRAPHY (X-RAY) - p. 198 142. ULTRASOUND (B-SCAN) - p. 198 143. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) - p. 200 144. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) - p. 201 145. ANGIOGRAPHY - p. 201 146. FUNDUS PHOTOGRAPHY - p. 202 147. 27. Communication with Ophthalmology Consultants and Telehealth - p. 205 148. SECTION 2: Orbit - p. 211 149. 28. Orbital Trauma - p. 211 150. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 211 151. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 211 152. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 213 153. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 214 154. MANAGEMENT - p. 214 155. PEDIATRIC CONCERNS - p. 216 156. 29. Orbital Tumors - p. 218 157. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 218 158. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 218 159. Approach/The Focused Exam - p. 218 160. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 223 161. MANAGEMENT - p. 224 162. 30. Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis - p. 226 163. CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 226 164. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 226 165. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 228 166. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 229 167. MANAGEMENT - p. 231 168. SECTION 3: Eyelids - p. 233 169. 31. Eyelid Lacerations - p. 233 170. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 233 171. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 233 172. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 234 173. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 236 174. MANAGEMENT - p. 236 175. PEDIATRIC ISSUES - p. 237 176. 32. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - p. 240 177. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 240 178. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 240 179. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 243 180. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 244 181. MANAGEMENT - p. 244 182. 33. Eyelid Lesions - p. 247 183. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 247 184. MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM - p. 247 185. CHALAZION/HORDEOLUM - p. 251 186. Pyogenic Granuloma - p. 253 187. 34. Ptosis - p. 256 188. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 256 189. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 256 190. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 256 191. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 258 192. SECTION 4: Ocular Surface - p. 265 193. 35. Corneal Trauma: Abrasions, Lacerations, Foreign Bodies, Burns, and Contact Lenses - p. 265 194. INTRODUCTION - p. 265 195. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 265 196. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 267 197. MANAGEMENT - p. 267 198. MANAGEMENT - p. 269 199. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 270 200. EMERGENT EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT - p. 270 201. 36. The Red Eye: Keratitis, Conjunctivitis, Episcleritis, Scleritis, Pterygium/Pinguecula - p. 274 202. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 274 203. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 274 204. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 276 205. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 279 206. MANAGEMENT - p. 280 207. 37. The Pediatric Red Eye: Ophthalmia Neonatorum, Conjunctivitis, and Uveitis - p. 284 208. INTRODUCTION - p. 284 209. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 284 210. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 285 211. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 287 212. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 288 213. MANAGEMENT - p. 289 214. MANAGEMENT - p. 290 215. SECTION 5: Anterior Segment - p. 293 216. 38. Anterior Uveitis, Hypopyon, and Hyphema - p. 293 217. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 293 218. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 293 219. Approach/THE Focused Exam - p. 295 220. Differential Diagnosis - p. 297 221. Management - p. 298 222. 39. Lens Dislocation - p. 301 223. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 301 224. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 302 225. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 302 226. MANAGEMENT - p. 305 227. 40. Leukocoria - p. 307 228. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 307 229. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 307 230. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 308 231. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 308 232. RETINOBLASTOMA - p. 308 233. PEDIATRIC CATARACT - p. 309 234. COATS DISEASE - p. 310 235. PERSISTENT FETAL VASCULATURE - p. 310 236. VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE - p. 310 237. OCULAR TOXOCARIASIS (OCULAR LARVA MIGRANS) - p. 311 238. RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY - p. 311 239. RETINAL DYSPLASIA - p. 311 240. FAMILIAL EXUDATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY (FEVR) - p. 312 241. OTHER - p. 312 242. MANAGEMENT - p. 312 243. SECTION 6: Posterior Segment - p. 315 244. 41. Vascular Retinopathies - p. 315 245. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 315 246. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 315 247. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 316 248. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 319 249. MANAGEMENT - p. 319 250. 42. Vitreous Detachment, Retinal Tear, and Retinal Detachment - p. 322 251. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 322 252. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 325 253. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 326 254. MANAGEMENT - p. 326 255. 43. Infectious and Inflammatory Retinal Diseases - p. 329 256. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 329 257. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 329 258. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 330 259. MANAGEMENT - p. 331 260. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 332 261. PEDIATRIC ISSUES - p. 332 262. 44. Nonaccidental Trauma - p. 335 263. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 335 264. Approach/The Focused Exam - p. 336 265. 45. Blunt Trauma and Open Globes - p. 341 266. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 341 267. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 341 268. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 342 269. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 346 270. MANAGEMENT - p. 346 271. PEDIATRIC ISSUES - p. 347 272. SECTION 7: Glaucoma - p. 351 273. 46. Open Angle and Traumatic Glaucoma - p. 351 274. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 351 275. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 353 276. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 354 277. MANAGEMENT - p. 354 278. PREGNANCY AND PEDIATRICS - p. 356 279. 47. Angle Closure Glaucoma - p. 358 280. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 358 281. Pathophysiology - p. 358 282. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 360 283. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 361 284. MANAGEMENT - p. 361 285. SECTION 8: Neuro-ophthalmology - p. 365 286. 48. Pupils - p. 365 287. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 365 288. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 365 289. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 366 290. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND ASSOCIATED MANAGEMENT - p. 367 291. 49. Diplopia - p. 373 292. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 373 293. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 373 294. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 376 295. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 378 296. MANAGEMENT - p. 378 297. 50. Optic Neuropathies: Ischemic, Inflammatory, Infectious, or Compressive - p. 382 298. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 382 299. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 382 300. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 384 301. MANAGEMENT - p. 385 302. PEDIATRIC ISSUES - p. 386 303. 51. Papilledema - p. 389 304. THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE - p. 389 305. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - p. 389 306. APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM - p. 389 307. VISUALIZATION OF THE OPTIC NERVE - p. 389 308. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 392 309. MANAGEMENT - p. 393 310. Index - p. 397
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