An understanding of the mineral nutrition of plants is of fundamental importance in both basic and applied plant sciences. The Second Edition of this book retains the aim of the first in presenting the principles of mineral nutrition in the light of current advances.
This volume retains the structure of the first edition, being divided into two parts: Nutritional Physiology and Soil-Plant Relationships. In Part I, more emphasis has been placed on root-shoot interactions, stress physiology, water relations, and functions of micronutrients. In view of the worldwide increasing interest in plant-soil interactions, Part II has been considerably altered and extended, particularly on the effects of external and interal factors on root growth and chapter 15 on the root-soil interface.
The second edition will be invaluable to both advanced students and researchers.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction, Definition and Classification of Nutrients 2. 1.1. General 3. 1.2. Essential Elements for Plant Growth 4. 1.3. Biochemical Behaviour and Physiological Functions of Elements in Plants 5. Chapter 2. Ion Uptake Mechanisms of Individual Cells and Roots 6. 2.1. General 7. 2.2. Pathway of Solutes from the External Solution into Root Cells 8. 2.3. Composition of Biological Membranes 9. 2.4. Solute Transport Across Membranes 10. 2.5. Factors Affecting Ion Uptake by Roots 11. 2.6. Uptake of Ions and Water along the Root Axis 12. 2.7. Radial Transport of Ions and Water Across the Root 13. 2.8. Release of Ions into the Xylem 14. 2.9. Factors Affecting Ion Release into the Xylem and Exudation Rate 15. Chapter 3. Long-distance Transport in the Xylem and Phloem 16. 3.1. General 17. 3.2. Xylem Transport 18. 3.3. Phloem Transport 19. 3.4. Relative Importance of Phloem and Xylem for Long-Distance Transport of Nutrients 20. 3.5. Remobilization of Nutrients 21. Chapter 4. Uptake and Release of Elements by Leaves and Other Aerial Plant Parts 22. 4.1. General 23. 4.2. Uptake and Release of Gases and Other Volatile Compounds through Stomata 24. 4.3. Uptake of Solutes 25. 4.4. Foliar Application of Nutrients 26. 4.5. Leaching of Elements from Leaves 27. 4.6. Ecological Importance of Uptake and Leaching of Solutes from Leaves 28. Chapter 5. Mineral Nutrition, Yield and Source–Sink Relationships 29. 5.1. General 30. 5.2. Relationships between Nutrient Supply and Yield 31. 5.3. Photosynthetic Activity and Related Processes 32. 5.4. Photosynthetic Area 33. 5.5. Respiration and Oxidative Phosphorylation 34. 5.6. Phloem Transport of Assimilates and its Regulation 35. 5.7. Sink Formation 36. 5.8. Sink Activity 37. 5.9. Role of Phytohormones in the Regulation of the Sink–Source Relationships 38. 5.10. Source and Sink Limitations on Yield 39. Chapter 6. Functions of Macronutrients 40. 6.1. Nitrogen 41. 6.2. Sulphur 42. 6.3. Phosphorus 43. 6.4. Magnesium 44. 6.5. Calcium 45. 6.6. Potassium 46. Chapter 7. Function of Nutrients 47. 7.1. Iron 48. 7.2. Manganese 49. 7.3. Copper 50. 7.4. Zinc 51. 7.5. Nickel 52. 7.6. Molybdenum 53. 7.7. Boron 54. 7.8. Chlorine 55. Chapter 8. Beneficial Elements 56. 8.1. Definition 57. 8.2. Sodium 58. 8.3. Silicon 59. 8.4. Cobalt 60. 8.5. Selenium 61. 8.6. Aluminium 62. 8.7. Other Elements 63. Chapter 9. Nutrition and Quality 64. 9.1. Introduction 65. 9.2. Nutrition and Appearance 66. 9.3. Nutrition and Chemical Composition 67. Chapter 10. Relationship between Nutrition, Plant Diseases and Pests 68. 10.1. General 69. 10.2. Relationship between Susceptibility and Nutritional Status of Plants 70. 10.3. Fungal Diseases 71. 10.4. Bacterial and Viral Diseases 72. 10.5. Soil-Borne Fungal and Bacterial Diseases 73. 10.6. Pests 74. 10.7. Direct and Indirect Effects of Fertilizer Application on the Performance of Plants and their Parasites 75. Chapter 11. Diagnosis of Deficiency and Toxicity of Nutrients 76. 11.1. General 77. 11.2. Nutrient Supply and Growth Response 78. 11.3. Diagnosis of Nutritional Disorders by Visible Symptoms 79. 11.4. Plant Analysis 80. 11.5. Histochemical and Biochemical Methods 81. 11.6. Plant Analysis versus Soil Analysis 82. Chapter 12. Nutrient Availability in Soils 83. 12.1. General 84. 12.2. Chemical Soil Analysis 85. 12.3. Movement of Nutrients to the Root Surface 86. 12.4. Role of Root Density 87. 12.5. Nutrient Availability and Distribution of Water in Soils 88. 12.6. Role of Soil Structure 89. 12.7. Intensity/Quantity Ratio, Plant Factors and Consequences for Soil Testing 90. Chapter 13. Effect of Internal and External Factors on Root Growth and Development 91. 13.1. General 92. 13.2. Carbohydrate Supply 93. 13.3. Root Development 94. 13.4. Soil Chemical Factors 95. 13.5. Soil Organisms 96. 13.6. Soil Physical Factors 97. 13.7. Shoot/Root Ratio 98. Chapter 14. Rhizosphere Chemistry in Relation to Plant Nutrition 99. 14.1. General 100. 14.2. Spatial Extent of the Rhizosphere 101. 14.3. Inorganic Elements in the Rhizosphere 102. 14.4. Rhizosphere pH 103. 14.5. Redox Potential and Reducing Processes 104. 14.6. Rhizodeposition and Root Exudates 105. Chapter 15. Rhizosphere Biology 106. 15.1. General 107. 15.2. Rhizosphere Microorganisms 108. 15.3. Mycorrhiza 109. Chapter 16. Nitrogen Fixation 110. 16.1. General 111. 16.2. Biological Nitrogen-Fixing Systems 112. 16.3. Biochemistry of Nitrogen Fixation 113. 16.4. Symbiotic Systems 114. 16.5. Amounts of N Fixed by Legumes, and its Transfer to other Plants in Mixed Stands 115. 16.6. Significance of Free-living and Associative Nitrogen Fixation 116. 16.7. Outlook 117. Chapter 17. Adaptation of Plants to Adverse Chemical Soil Conditions 118. 17.1. Natural Vegetation 119. 17.2. High-Input versus Low-Input Approach 120. 17.3. Acid Mineral Soils 121. 17.4. Waterlogged and Flooded Soils 122. 17.5. Calcareous and Alkaline Soils 123. 17.6. Saline Soils 124. Chapter 18. Nutrient and Carbon Fluxes in Terrestrial Agro-Ecosystems 125. 18.1. Microbiological Factors Determining Carbon and Nitrogen Emissions 126. 18.2. Effects of Organic Soil Amendments on Emissions 127. 18.3. Effects of pH, Soil Water Content and Temperature on Matter Turnover 128. 18.4. Global Warming Effects 129. 18.5. Plant–Animal Interactions Affecting Nutrient Fluxes at Different Scales 130. 18.6. Modelling Approaches in Matter Fluxes 131. References 132. Index
An understanding of the mineral nutrition of plants is of fundamental importance in both basic and applied plant sciences. The Second Edition of this book retains the aim of the first in presenting the principles of mineral nutrition in the light of current advances.
This volume retains the structure of the first edition, being divided into two parts: Nutritional Physiology and Soil-Plant Relationships. In Part I, more emphasis has been placed on root-shoot interactions, stress physiology, water relations, and functions of micronutrients. In view of the worldwide increasing interest in plant-soil interactions, Part II has been considerably altered and extended, particularly on the effects of external and interal factors on root growth and chapter 15 on the root-soil interface.
The second edition will be invaluable to both advanced students and researchers.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction, Definition and Classification of Nutrients 2. 1.1. General 3. 1.2. Essential Elements for Plant Growth 4. 1.3. Biochemical Behaviour and Physiological Functions of Elements in Plants 5. Chapter 2. Ion Uptake Mechanisms of Individual Cells and Roots 6. 2.1. General 7. 2.2. Pathway of Solutes from the External Solution into Root Cells 8. 2.3. Composition of Biological Membranes 9. 2.4. Solute Transport Across Membranes 10. 2.5. Factors Affecting Ion Uptake by Roots 11. 2.6. Uptake of Ions and Water along the Root Axis 12. 2.7. Radial Transport of Ions and Water Across the Root 13. 2.8. Release of Ions into the Xylem 14. 2.9. Factors Affecting Ion Release into the Xylem and Exudation Rate 15. Chapter 3. Long-distance Transport in the Xylem and Phloem 16. 3.1. General 17. 3.2. Xylem Transport 18. 3.3. Phloem Transport 19. 3.4. Relative Importance of Phloem and Xylem for Long-Distance Transport of Nutrients 20. 3.5. Remobilization of Nutrients 21. Chapter 4. Uptake and Release of Elements by Leaves and Other Aerial Plant Parts 22. 4.1. General 23. 4.2. Uptake and Release of Gases and Other Volatile Compounds through Stomata 24. 4.3. Uptake of Solutes 25. 4.4. Foliar Application of Nutrients 26. 4.5. Leaching of Elements from Leaves 27. 4.6. Ecological Importance of Uptake and Leaching of Solutes from Leaves 28. Chapter 5. Mineral Nutrition, Yield and Source–Sink Relationships 29. 5.1. General 30. 5.2. Relationships between Nutrient Supply and Yield 31. 5.3. Photosynthetic Activity and Related Processes 32. 5.4. Photosynthetic Area 33. 5.5. Respiration and Oxidative Phosphorylation 34. 5.6. Phloem Transport of Assimilates and its Regulation 35. 5.7. Sink Formation 36. 5.8. Sink Activity 37. 5.9. Role of Phytohormones in the Regulation of the Sink–Source Relationships 38. 5.10. Source and Sink Limitations on Yield 39. Chapter 6. Functions of Macronutrients 40. 6.1. Nitrogen 41. 6.2. Sulphur 42. 6.3. Phosphorus 43. 6.4. Magnesium 44. 6.5. Calcium 45. 6.6. Potassium 46. Chapter 7. Function of Nutrients 47. 7.1. Iron 48. 7.2. Manganese 49. 7.3. Copper 50. 7.4. Zinc 51. 7.5. Nickel 52. 7.6. Molybdenum 53. 7.7. Boron 54. 7.8. Chlorine 55. Chapter 8. Beneficial Elements 56. 8.1. Definition 57. 8.2. Sodium 58. 8.3. Silicon 59. 8.4. Cobalt 60. 8.5. Selenium 61. 8.6. Aluminium 62. 8.7. Other Elements 63. Chapter 9. Nutrition and Quality 64. 9.1. Introduction 65. 9.2. Nutrition and Appearance 66. 9.3. Nutrition and Chemical Composition 67. Chapter 10. Relationship between Nutrition, Plant Diseases and Pests 68. 10.1. General 69. 10.2. Relationship between Susceptibility and Nutritional Status of Plants 70. 10.3. Fungal Diseases 71. 10.4. Bacterial and Viral Diseases 72. 10.5. Soil-Borne Fungal and Bacterial Diseases 73. 10.6. Pests 74. 10.7. Direct and Indirect Effects of Fertilizer Application on the Performance of Plants and their Parasites 75. Chapter 11. Diagnosis of Deficiency and Toxicity of Nutrients 76. 11.1. General 77. 11.2. Nutrient Supply and Growth Response 78. 11.3. Diagnosis of Nutritional Disorders by Visible Symptoms 79. 11.4. Plant Analysis 80. 11.5. Histochemical and Biochemical Methods 81. 11.6. Plant Analysis versus Soil Analysis 82. Chapter 12. Nutrient Availability in Soils 83. 12.1. General 84. 12.2. Chemical Soil Analysis 85. 12.3. Movement of Nutrients to the Root Surface 86. 12.4. Role of Root Density 87. 12.5. Nutrient Availability and Distribution of Water in Soils 88. 12.6. Role of Soil Structure 89. 12.7. Intensity/Quantity Ratio, Plant Factors and Consequences for Soil Testing 90. Chapter 13. Effect of Internal and External Factors on Root Growth and Development 91. 13.1. General 92. 13.2. Carbohydrate Supply 93. 13.3. Root Development 94. 13.4. Soil Chemical Factors 95. 13.5. Soil Organisms 96. 13.6. Soil Physical Factors 97. 13.7. Shoot/Root Ratio 98. Chapter 14. Rhizosphere Chemistry in Relation to Plant Nutrition 99. 14.1. General 100. 14.2. Spatial Extent of the Rhizosphere 101. 14.3. Inorganic Elements in the Rhizosphere 102. 14.4. Rhizosphere pH 103. 14.5. Redox Potential and Reducing Processes 104. 14.6. Rhizodeposition and Root Exudates 105. Chapter 15. Rhizosphere Biology 106. 15.1. General 107. 15.2. Rhizosphere Microorganisms 108. 15.3. Mycorrhiza 109. Chapter 16. Nitrogen Fixation 110. 16.1. General 111. 16.2. Biological Nitrogen-Fixing Systems 112. 16.3. Biochemistry of Nitrogen Fixation 113. 16.4. Symbiotic Systems 114. 16.5. Amounts of N Fixed by Legumes, and its Transfer to other Plants in Mixed Stands 115. 16.6. Significance of Free-living and Associative Nitrogen Fixation 116. 16.7. Outlook 117. Chapter 17. Adaptation of Plants to Adverse Chemical Soil Conditions 118. 17.1. Natural Vegetation 119. 17.2. High-Input versus Low-Input Approach 120. 17.3. Acid Mineral Soils 121. 17.4. Waterlogged and Flooded Soils 122. 17.5. Calcareous and Alkaline Soils 123. 17.6. Saline Soils 124. Chapter 18. Nutrient and Carbon Fluxes in Terrestrial Agro-Ecosystems 125. 18.1. Microbiological Factors Determining Carbon and Nitrogen Emissions 126. 18.2. Effects of Organic Soil Amendments on Emissions 127. 18.3. Effects of pH, Soil Water Content and Temperature on Matter Turnover 128. 18.4. Global Warming Effects 129. 18.5. Plant–Animal Interactions Affecting Nutrient Fluxes at Different Scales 130. 18.6. Modelling Approaches in Matter Fluxes 131. References 132. Index
