Originating from the esteemed Massachusetts General Hospital and edited by Drs. Yolonda L. Colson and Christopher R. Morse, this new volume in the Illustrated Tips and Tricks series provides succinct, precise information from a wide range of experts on tackling technical problems in thoracic surgery. Practical, hands-on content conveys knowledge gained from years of surgical experience, including nuggets of wisdom unique to this institution. Drawings and operative photos are used liberally throughout the book to illustrate surgical techniques and provide a handy visual complement to the text.
1. Introduction - p. 6 2. Perioperative Considerations - p. 6 3. Technique - p. 9 4. Postoperative Care - p. 11 5. 3 • Image-Guided Minimally Invasive Wedge Resection of Small Lung Nodules - p. 13 6. Perioperative Considerations - p. 13 7. Technique - p. 14 8. 4 • Segmentectomy: Robotic, Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery, and Thoracotomy - p. 17 9. Perioperative Considerations - p. 17 10. Technique - p. 18 11. Postoperative Care - p. 22 12. 5 • Right Upper Lobectomy: Robotic/Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery/Thoracotomy - p. 24 13. Introduction - p. 24 14. Perioperative Considerations - p. 24 15. Technique - p. 25 16. Postoperative Care - p. 30 17. 6 • Right Middle Lobectomy: Minimally Invasive and Open Techniques - p. 32 18. Perioperative Considerations - p. 32 19. Technique - p. 33 20. Postoperative Care - p. 41 21. 7 • Right Lower Lobectomy: Robotic/Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery/Thoracotomy - p. 42 22. Perioperative Considerations - p. 42 23. Technique - p. 44 24. Postoperative Care - p. 59 25. 8 • Left Upper Lobectomy: Robotic-Assisted Surgery/Video-Assisted Surgery/Thoracotomy - p. 61 26. Perioperative Considerations - p. 61 27. Technique - p. 63 28. Preoperative, Intraoperative, and Postoperative Care - p. 75 29. 9 • Left Lower Lobectomy - p. 77 30. Perioperative Considerations - p. 77 31. Technique - p. 77 32. Resection - p. 79 33. Postoperative Care - p. 85 34. 10 • Pneumonectomy: Robotic/Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery/Thoracotomy - p. 87 35. Perioperative Considerations - p. 87 36. Technique - p. 88 37. Postoperative Care - p. 93 38. 11 • Sleeve Resection/Bronchoplasty via Minimally Invasive/Thoracotomy - p. 95 39. Overview - p. 95 40. Perioperative Considerations - p. 95 41. Technique - p. 96 42. Postoperative Care - p. 98 43. Complications - p. 99 44. 12 • Anterior and Posterior Approach to Superior Sulcus Tumors - p. 101 45. Perioperative Considerations - p. 101 46. Preoperative Evaluation - p. 101 47. Technique - p. 103 48. 13 • Principles of Mediastinal Lymph Node Dissection - p. 111 49. Perioperative Considerations - p. 111 50. Technique - p. 111 51. Postoperative Care - p. 115 52. 14 • Lung Decortication: Open Thoracotomy and Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery - p. 119 53. Background - p. 119 54. Perioperative Considerations - p. 119 55. Technique - p. 120 56. Postoperative Care - p. 122 57. 15 • Tracheal Resection and Reconstruction/Postintubation Tracheal Stenosis - p. 124 58. History - p. 124 59. Airway Management on Presentation (Acute) - p. 124 60. Perioperative Considerations - p. 124 61. Surgical Technique - p. 125 62. Postoperative Care - p. 132 63. 16 • Tracheostomy - p. 135 64. Perioperative Considerations - p. 135 65. Technique - p. 136 66. Complications - p. 142 67. 17 • Postpneumonectomy Bronchopleural Fistula - p. 144 68. Perioperative Considerations - p. 144 69. Management - p. 145 70. Technique - p. 147 71. 18 • Tracheobronchoplasty for Tracheobronchomalacia - p. 156 72. Perioperative Considerations - p. 156 73. Technique - p. 157 74. Postoperative Care - p. 165 75. 19 • Nonintubated Thoracic Surgery - p. 167 76. Introduction - p. 167 77. Perioperative Considerations - p. 167 78. Technique - p. 170 79. Postoperative Care - p. 174 80. 20 • Lung Transplantation - p. 178 81. Perioperative Considerations - p. 178 82. Donor Operation - p. 178 83. Recipient Operation - p. 179 84. Technique - p. 179 85. Postoperative Care - p. 182 86. MEDIASTINUM/DIAPHRAGM - p. 185 87. 21 • Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and First Rib Resection: Supraclavicular, Transaxillary, and Minimally Invasive Approaches - p. 185 88. SUPRACLAVICULAR FIRST RIB RESECTION - p. 185 89. Perioperative Considerations - p. 185 90. Positioning (Figure 21.2)#ff21-2 - p. 186 91. Technique - p. 187 92. Postoperative Care - p. 191 93. TRANSAXILLARY FIRST RIB RESECTION - p. 191 94. Perioperative Considerations - p. 191 95. Positioning (Figure 21.8)#ff21-8 - p. 191 96. Technique - p. 192 97. Postoperative Care - p. 194 98. ROBOTIC MINIMALLY INVASIVE APPROACH - p. 195 99. Perioperative Considerations - p. 195 100. Instruments and Equipment - p. 195 101. Positioning - p. 195 102. Technique (Figure 21.13 and 21.14)#ff21-13 - p. 196 103. 22 • Sternoclavicular Resection - p. 199 104. Perioperative Considerations - p. 199 105. Technique - p. 200 106. Postoperative Care - p. 202 107. 23 • Chest Wall Resection and Reconstruction: Minimally Invasive Surgery/Thoracotomy - p. 204 108. Perioperative Considerations - p. 204 109. Technique - p. 206 110. Postoperative Care - p. 216 111. 24 • Sympathectomy for Hyperhidrosis and Ventricular Dysrhythmias - p. 218 112. Perioperative Considerations - p. 218 113. Technique - p. 219 114. Postoperative Care - p. 223 115. 25 • Pectus Excavatum Repair - p. 225 116. Perioperative Considerations - p. 225 117. Technique - p. 226 118. Postoperative Care - p. 232 119. 26 • Diaphragmatic Plication - p. 234 120. Preoperative Considerations - p. 234 121. Technique - p. 234 122. Postoperative Care - p. 237 123. 27 • Four Approaches to Thymectomy: Robotic/Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Thymectomy/Sternotomy/Transcervical - p. 241 124. GENERAL PERIOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS - p. 241 125. THYMECTOMY BY MEDIAN STERNOTOMY - p. 242 126. Perioperative Considerations - p. 242 127. Technique - p. 242 128. Postoperative Care - p. 248 129. THYMECTOMY BY VIDEO-ASSISTED TRANSCERVICAL APPROACH - p. 248 130. Perioperative Considerations - p. 248 131. Technique - p. 249 132. Postoperative Care - p. 254 133. THYMECTOMY BY TRANSTHORACIC ROBOTIC AND/OR VATS APPROACHES - p. 254 134. Perioperative Considerations - p. 254 135. Technique - p. 255 136. Postoperative Care - p. 259 137. SUMMARY - p. 260 138. Acknowledgments - p. 260 139. 28 • Extended Superior Vena Cava Resection - p. 261 140. Perioperative Considerations - p. 261 141. Technique - p. 261 142. 29 • Thoracic Duct Ligation - p. 266 143. Perioperative Consideration - p. 266 144. Technique - p. 267 145. Postoperative Care - p. 272 146. ESOPHAGEAL - p. 275 147. 30 • Antireflux Surgery/Fundoplication (Partial/Complete): Minimally Invasive/Open Surgery - p. 275 148. Perioperative Considerations - p. 275 149. Technique - p. 276 150. Postoperative Care - p. 281 151. 31 • Paraesophageal Hernia Repair: Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Approach/Transthoracic Approach - p. 283 152. ROBOTIC-ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC APPROACH - p. 283 153. Perioperative Considerations - p. 283 154. Technique - p. 285 155. Postoperative Care - p. 287 156. LAPAROSCOPIC APPROACH - p. 289 157. TRANSTHORACIC APPROACH - p. 290 158. Perioperative Considerations - p. 290 159. Technique - p. 290 160. Postoperative Care - p. 293 161. 32 • Collis Gastroplasty - p. 295 162. Perioperative Considerations - p. 295 163. Technique - p. 295 164. Postoperative Care - p. 298 165. 33 • Reoperative Antireflux Surgery: Minimally Invasive Surgery/Thoracotomy - p. 299 166. Perioperative Considerations - p. 299 167. Techniques - p. 300 168. Postoperative Care - p. 305 169. 34 • Achalasia - p. 307 170. Perioperative Considerations - p. 307 171. Technical Considerations - p. 307 172. Laparoscopic - p. 308 173. Endoscopic - p. 310 174. Postoperative Considerations - p. 311 175. 35 • Zenker Diverticulum - p. 313 176. Perioperative Considerations - p. 313 177. Technique - p. 314 178. Postoperative Care - p. 316 179. 36 • Epiphrenic Diverticulum Repair - p. 319 180. Perioperative Considerations - p. 319 181. Technique - p. 319 182. Postoperative Care - p. 326 183. 37 • Transhiatal Esophagectomy - p. 328 184. Indications - p. 328 185. Preoperative Considerations - p. 328 186. Surgical Technique - p. 328 187. Postoperative Care - p. 331 188. Management of Complications - p. 332 189. 38 • Left Thoracoabdominal Esophagectomy - p. 333 190. Perioperative Considerations - p. 333 191. Technique - p. 335 192. Postoperative Care - p. 338 193. 39 • McKeown (3-Hole) Esophagectomy - p. 340 194. Indications - p. 340 195. Perioperative Considerations - p. 340 196. Technique - p. 341 197. Postoperative Care - p. 347 198. Management of Common Complications - p. 348 199. 40 • Ivor Lewis (Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive/Open) Esophagectomy - p. 350 200. Perioperative Consideration - p. 350 201. ABDOMINAL PORTION - p. 351 202. Port Placement for Laparoscopic surgery - p. 351 203. Technique - p. 352 204. THORACIC PORTION - p. 354 205. Port Placement for Thoracoscopic portion - p. 354 206. Technique - p. 354 207. Postoperative Care - p. 357 208. 41 • Colon Interposition - p. 359 209. Choice of Esophageal Substitution - p. 359 210. Perioperative Considerations - p. 359 211. Technique - p. 361 212. Postoperative Care - p. 365 213. 42 • Repair of Esophageal Perforation - p. 367 214. Perioperative Considerations - p. 367 215. VIDEO-ASSISTED THORACOSCOPIC WASHOUT AND DRAINAGE - p. 369 216. Perioperative Considerations - p. 369 217. Technique - p. 370 218. ENDOSCOPIC STENT PLACEMENT - p. 370 219. Perioperative Considerations - p. 370 220. Instruments and Equipment - p. 370 221. Technique (Video 42.1) - p. 371 222. OPEN REPAIR VIA THORACOTOMY - p. 372 223. Perioperative Considerations - p. 372 224. Technique (Video 42.2) - p. 372 225. ESOPHAGECTOMY - p. 373 226. Perioperative Considerations - p. 373 227. CERVICAL WASHOUT AND WIDE DRAINAGE - p. 374 228. Perioperative Considerations - p. 375 229. Technique - p. 375 230. POSTOPERATIVE CARE - p. 375 231. ENDOSCOPY - p. 377 232. 43 • Rigid Bronchoscopy and Acute Management of Tracheal Stenosis - p. 377 233. Perioperative Considerations - p. 377 234. Technique - p. 378 235. Postoperative Care - p. 380 236. 44 • Endobronchial Ultrasound and Navigational Bronchoscopy - p. 382 237. Perioperative Considerations - p. 382 238. Instruments and Equipment - p. 382 239. Technique - p. 383 240. EBUS-TBNA: Nodal Assessment - p. 384 241. Postoperative Care - p. 385 242. 45 • Mediastinoscopy and Potential Complications - p. 387 243. Perioperative Considerations - p. 387 244. Technique - p. 389 245. Postoperative Care - p. 389 246. 46 • Esophagogastroduodenoscopy - p. 391 247. Perioperative Considerations - p. 391 248. Technique - p. 391 249. ESOPHAGEAL STENT PLACEMENT - p. 396 250. Perioperative Considerations - p. 396 251. Technique - p. 396 252. 47 • Endoscopic Ultrasound, Endoscopic Mucosal Resection, and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection - p. 398 253. Introduction - p. 398 254. Endoscopic Ultrasound - p. 398 255. Endoscopic Mucosal Resection - p. 399 256. Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection - p. 402 257. Postoperative Care - p. 403 258. 48 • Whole Lung Lavage for Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis - p. 405 259. Perioperative Considerations - p. 405 260. Technique - p. 407 261. Postoperative Care - p. 407 262. Troubleshooting - p. 408 263. Index - p. 411
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Originating from the esteemed Massachusetts General Hospital and edited by Drs. Yolonda L. Colson and Christopher R. Morse, this new volume in the Illustrated Tips and Tricks series provides succinct, precise information from a wide range of experts on tackling technical problems in thoracic surgery. Practical, hands-on content conveys knowledge gained from years of surgical experience, including nuggets of wisdom unique to this institution. Drawings and operative photos are used liberally throughout the book to illustrate surgical techniques and provide a handy visual complement to the text.
1. Introduction - p. 6 2. Perioperative Considerations - p. 6 3. Technique - p. 9 4. Postoperative Care - p. 11 5. 3 • Image-Guided Minimally Invasive Wedge Resection of Small Lung Nodules - p. 13 6. Perioperative Considerations - p. 13 7. Technique - p. 14 8. 4 • Segmentectomy: Robotic, Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery, and Thoracotomy - p. 17 9. Perioperative Considerations - p. 17 10. Technique - p. 18 11. Postoperative Care - p. 22 12. 5 • Right Upper Lobectomy: Robotic/Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery/Thoracotomy - p. 24 13. Introduction - p. 24 14. Perioperative Considerations - p. 24 15. Technique - p. 25 16. Postoperative Care - p. 30 17. 6 • Right Middle Lobectomy: Minimally Invasive and Open Techniques - p. 32 18. Perioperative Considerations - p. 32 19. Technique - p. 33 20. Postoperative Care - p. 41 21. 7 • Right Lower Lobectomy: Robotic/Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery/Thoracotomy - p. 42 22. Perioperative Considerations - p. 42 23. Technique - p. 44 24. Postoperative Care - p. 59 25. 8 • Left Upper Lobectomy: Robotic-Assisted Surgery/Video-Assisted Surgery/Thoracotomy - p. 61 26. Perioperative Considerations - p. 61 27. Technique - p. 63 28. Preoperative, Intraoperative, and Postoperative Care - p. 75 29. 9 • Left Lower Lobectomy - p. 77 30. Perioperative Considerations - p. 77 31. Technique - p. 77 32. Resection - p. 79 33. Postoperative Care - p. 85 34. 10 • Pneumonectomy: Robotic/Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery/Thoracotomy - p. 87 35. Perioperative Considerations - p. 87 36. Technique - p. 88 37. Postoperative Care - p. 93 38. 11 • Sleeve Resection/Bronchoplasty via Minimally Invasive/Thoracotomy - p. 95 39. Overview - p. 95 40. Perioperative Considerations - p. 95 41. Technique - p. 96 42. Postoperative Care - p. 98 43. Complications - p. 99 44. 12 • Anterior and Posterior Approach to Superior Sulcus Tumors - p. 101 45. Perioperative Considerations - p. 101 46. Preoperative Evaluation - p. 101 47. Technique - p. 103 48. 13 • Principles of Mediastinal Lymph Node Dissection - p. 111 49. Perioperative Considerations - p. 111 50. Technique - p. 111 51. Postoperative Care - p. 115 52. 14 • Lung Decortication: Open Thoracotomy and Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery - p. 119 53. Background - p. 119 54. Perioperative Considerations - p. 119 55. Technique - p. 120 56. Postoperative Care - p. 122 57. 15 • Tracheal Resection and Reconstruction/Postintubation Tracheal Stenosis - p. 124 58. History - p. 124 59. Airway Management on Presentation (Acute) - p. 124 60. Perioperative Considerations - p. 124 61. Surgical Technique - p. 125 62. Postoperative Care - p. 132 63. 16 • Tracheostomy - p. 135 64. Perioperative Considerations - p. 135 65. Technique - p. 136 66. Complications - p. 142 67. 17 • Postpneumonectomy Bronchopleural Fistula - p. 144 68. Perioperative Considerations - p. 144 69. Management - p. 145 70. Technique - p. 147 71. 18 • Tracheobronchoplasty for Tracheobronchomalacia - p. 156 72. Perioperative Considerations - p. 156 73. Technique - p. 157 74. Postoperative Care - p. 165 75. 19 • Nonintubated Thoracic Surgery - p. 167 76. Introduction - p. 167 77. Perioperative Considerations - p. 167 78. Technique - p. 170 79. Postoperative Care - p. 174 80. 20 • Lung Transplantation - p. 178 81. Perioperative Considerations - p. 178 82. Donor Operation - p. 178 83. Recipient Operation - p. 179 84. Technique - p. 179 85. Postoperative Care - p. 182 86. MEDIASTINUM/DIAPHRAGM - p. 185 87. 21 • Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and First Rib Resection: Supraclavicular, Transaxillary, and Minimally Invasive Approaches - p. 185 88. SUPRACLAVICULAR FIRST RIB RESECTION - p. 185 89. Perioperative Considerations - p. 185 90. Positioning (Figure 21.2)#ff21-2 - p. 186 91. Technique - p. 187 92. Postoperative Care - p. 191 93. TRANSAXILLARY FIRST RIB RESECTION - p. 191 94. Perioperative Considerations - p. 191 95. Positioning (Figure 21.8)#ff21-8 - p. 191 96. Technique - p. 192 97. Postoperative Care - p. 194 98. ROBOTIC MINIMALLY INVASIVE APPROACH - p. 195 99. Perioperative Considerations - p. 195 100. Instruments and Equipment - p. 195 101. Positioning - p. 195 102. Technique (Figure 21.13 and 21.14)#ff21-13 - p. 196 103. 22 • Sternoclavicular Resection - p. 199 104. Perioperative Considerations - p. 199 105. Technique - p. 200 106. Postoperative Care - p. 202 107. 23 • Chest Wall Resection and Reconstruction: Minimally Invasive Surgery/Thoracotomy - p. 204 108. Perioperative Considerations - p. 204 109. Technique - p. 206 110. Postoperative Care - p. 216 111. 24 • Sympathectomy for Hyperhidrosis and Ventricular Dysrhythmias - p. 218 112. Perioperative Considerations - p. 218 113. Technique - p. 219 114. Postoperative Care - p. 223 115. 25 • Pectus Excavatum Repair - p. 225 116. Perioperative Considerations - p. 225 117. Technique - p. 226 118. Postoperative Care - p. 232 119. 26 • Diaphragmatic Plication - p. 234 120. Preoperative Considerations - p. 234 121. Technique - p. 234 122. Postoperative Care - p. 237 123. 27 • Four Approaches to Thymectomy: Robotic/Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Thymectomy/Sternotomy/Transcervical - p. 241 124. GENERAL PERIOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS - p. 241 125. THYMECTOMY BY MEDIAN STERNOTOMY - p. 242 126. Perioperative Considerations - p. 242 127. Technique - p. 242 128. Postoperative Care - p. 248 129. THYMECTOMY BY VIDEO-ASSISTED TRANSCERVICAL APPROACH - p. 248 130. Perioperative Considerations - p. 248 131. Technique - p. 249 132. Postoperative Care - p. 254 133. THYMECTOMY BY TRANSTHORACIC ROBOTIC AND/OR VATS APPROACHES - p. 254 134. Perioperative Considerations - p. 254 135. Technique - p. 255 136. Postoperative Care - p. 259 137. SUMMARY - p. 260 138. Acknowledgments - p. 260 139. 28 • Extended Superior Vena Cava Resection - p. 261 140. Perioperative Considerations - p. 261 141. Technique - p. 261 142. 29 • Thoracic Duct Ligation - p. 266 143. Perioperative Consideration - p. 266 144. Technique - p. 267 145. Postoperative Care - p. 272 146. ESOPHAGEAL - p. 275 147. 30 • Antireflux Surgery/Fundoplication (Partial/Complete): Minimally Invasive/Open Surgery - p. 275 148. Perioperative Considerations - p. 275 149. Technique - p. 276 150. Postoperative Care - p. 281 151. 31 • Paraesophageal Hernia Repair: Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Approach/Transthoracic Approach - p. 283 152. ROBOTIC-ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC APPROACH - p. 283 153. Perioperative Considerations - p. 283 154. Technique - p. 285 155. Postoperative Care - p. 287 156. LAPAROSCOPIC APPROACH - p. 289 157. TRANSTHORACIC APPROACH - p. 290 158. Perioperative Considerations - p. 290 159. Technique - p. 290 160. Postoperative Care - p. 293 161. 32 • Collis Gastroplasty - p. 295 162. Perioperative Considerations - p. 295 163. Technique - p. 295 164. Postoperative Care - p. 298 165. 33 • Reoperative Antireflux Surgery: Minimally Invasive Surgery/Thoracotomy - p. 299 166. Perioperative Considerations - p. 299 167. Techniques - p. 300 168. Postoperative Care - p. 305 169. 34 • Achalasia - p. 307 170. Perioperative Considerations - p. 307 171. Technical Considerations - p. 307 172. Laparoscopic - p. 308 173. Endoscopic - p. 310 174. Postoperative Considerations - p. 311 175. 35 • Zenker Diverticulum - p. 313 176. Perioperative Considerations - p. 313 177. Technique - p. 314 178. Postoperative Care - p. 316 179. 36 • Epiphrenic Diverticulum Repair - p. 319 180. Perioperative Considerations - p. 319 181. Technique - p. 319 182. Postoperative Care - p. 326 183. 37 • Transhiatal Esophagectomy - p. 328 184. Indications - p. 328 185. Preoperative Considerations - p. 328 186. Surgical Technique - p. 328 187. Postoperative Care - p. 331 188. Management of Complications - p. 332 189. 38 • Left Thoracoabdominal Esophagectomy - p. 333 190. Perioperative Considerations - p. 333 191. Technique - p. 335 192. Postoperative Care - p. 338 193. 39 • McKeown (3-Hole) Esophagectomy - p. 340 194. Indications - p. 340 195. Perioperative Considerations - p. 340 196. Technique - p. 341 197. Postoperative Care - p. 347 198. Management of Common Complications - p. 348 199. 40 • Ivor Lewis (Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive/Open) Esophagectomy - p. 350 200. Perioperative Consideration - p. 350 201. ABDOMINAL PORTION - p. 351 202. Port Placement for Laparoscopic surgery - p. 351 203. Technique - p. 352 204. THORACIC PORTION - p. 354 205. Port Placement for Thoracoscopic portion - p. 354 206. Technique - p. 354 207. Postoperative Care - p. 357 208. 41 • Colon Interposition - p. 359 209. Choice of Esophageal Substitution - p. 359 210. Perioperative Considerations - p. 359 211. Technique - p. 361 212. Postoperative Care - p. 365 213. 42 • Repair of Esophageal Perforation - p. 367 214. Perioperative Considerations - p. 367 215. VIDEO-ASSISTED THORACOSCOPIC WASHOUT AND DRAINAGE - p. 369 216. Perioperative Considerations - p. 369 217. Technique - p. 370 218. ENDOSCOPIC STENT PLACEMENT - p. 370 219. Perioperative Considerations - p. 370 220. Instruments and Equipment - p. 370 221. Technique (Video 42.1) - p. 371 222. OPEN REPAIR VIA THORACOTOMY - p. 372 223. Perioperative Considerations - p. 372 224. Technique (Video 42.2) - p. 372 225. ESOPHAGECTOMY - p. 373 226. Perioperative Considerations - p. 373 227. CERVICAL WASHOUT AND WIDE DRAINAGE - p. 374 228. Perioperative Considerations - p. 375 229. Technique - p. 375 230. POSTOPERATIVE CARE - p. 375 231. ENDOSCOPY - p. 377 232. 43 • Rigid Bronchoscopy and Acute Management of Tracheal Stenosis - p. 377 233. Perioperative Considerations - p. 377 234. Technique - p. 378 235. Postoperative Care - p. 380 236. 44 • Endobronchial Ultrasound and Navigational Bronchoscopy - p. 382 237. Perioperative Considerations - p. 382 238. Instruments and Equipment - p. 382 239. Technique - p. 383 240. EBUS-TBNA: Nodal Assessment - p. 384 241. Postoperative Care - p. 385 242. 45 • Mediastinoscopy and Potential Complications - p. 387 243. Perioperative Considerations - p. 387 244. Technique - p. 389 245. Postoperative Care - p. 389 246. 46 • Esophagogastroduodenoscopy - p. 391 247. Perioperative Considerations - p. 391 248. Technique - p. 391 249. ESOPHAGEAL STENT PLACEMENT - p. 396 250. Perioperative Considerations - p. 396 251. Technique - p. 396 252. 47 • Endoscopic Ultrasound, Endoscopic Mucosal Resection, and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection - p. 398 253. Introduction - p. 398 254. Endoscopic Ultrasound - p. 398 255. Endoscopic Mucosal Resection - p. 399 256. Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection - p. 402 257. Postoperative Care - p. 403 258. 48 • Whole Lung Lavage for Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis - p. 405 259. Perioperative Considerations - p. 405 260. Technique - p. 407 261. Postoperative Care - p. 407 262. Troubleshooting - p. 408 263. Index - p. 411
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