McKee's Pathology of the Skin

1. Introduction - p. 167 2. Pemphigus - p. 167 3. Acantholytic dermatoses with dyskeratosis - p. 184 4. Chapter 6. Spongiotic, psoriasiform, and pustular dermatoses - p. 198 5. Eczematous dermatitis - p. 198 6. Psoriasiform dermatoses - p. 219 7. Pustular dermatoses - p. 234 8. Chapter 7. Lichenoid and interface dermatitis - p. 238 9. Lichenoid dermatoses - p. 238 10. Interface dermatoses - p. 258 11. Chapter 8. Superficial and deep perivascular inflammatory dermatoses - p. 281 12. Chronic superficial dermatitis - p. 281 13. Annular/gyrate erythema - p. 282 14. Chapter 9. Granulomatous, necrobiotic, and perforating dermatoses - p. 302 15. Sarcoidosis - p. 302 16. Granuloma annulare - p. 309 17. Necrobiosis lipoidica - p. 317 18. Rheumatoid nodule - p. 322 19. Elastolytic granulomata - p. 324 20. Granulomatous cheilitis - p. 332 21. Acne agminata - p. 332 22. Clinical features - p. 332 23. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 332 24. Differential diagnosis - p. 333 25. Periorificial (perioral) dermatitis - p. 333 26. Clinical features - p. 333 27. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 333 28. Demodicosis - p. 334 29. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 334 30. Infective granulomata - p. 334 31. Foreign body granulomata - p. 334 32. Granulomatous contact dermatitis - p. 336 33. Clinical features - p. 336 34. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 336 35. Differential diagnosis - p. 336 36. Granulomata in congenital immunodeficiency syndromes - p. 336 37. Perforating disorders - p. 337 38. Chapter 10. Inflammatory diseases of the subcutaneous fat - p. 348 39. Introduction - p. 348 40. Erythema nodosum - p. 348 41. Gouty panniculitis - p. 372 42. Clinical features - p. 372 43. Histologic features - p. 372 44. Nodular vasculitis - p. 372 45. Clinical features - p. 372 46. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 373 47. Differential diagnosis - p. 375 48. Subcutaneous sarcoidosis - p. 375 49. Clinical features - p. 375 50. Histologic features - p. 376 51. Differential diagnosis - p. 376 52. Neutrophilic lobular panniculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis - p. 376 53. Clinical features - p. 376 54. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 376 55. Differential diagnosis - p. 376 56. Eosinophilic panniculitis - p. 376 57. Clinical features - p. 376 58. Histologic features - p. 376 59. Infective panniculitis - p. 377 60. Clinical features - p. 377 61. Histologic features - p. 377 62. Acute infectious id panniculitis—panniculitic bacterid - p. 378 63. Clinical features - p. 378 64. Histologic features - p. 378 65. Differential diagnosis - p. 379 66. Sclerosing panniculitis - p. 379 67. Clinical features - p. 379 68. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 379 69. Differential diagnosis - p. 379 70. Membranous fat necrosis - p. 379 71. Clinical features - p. 379 72. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 381 73. Lipodystrophies - p. 381 74. Chapter Chapter 11. Histopathology of factitious skin lesions - p. 393 75. Chapter 12. Diseases of the oral mucosa - p. 424 76. Introduction - p. 425 77. Hereditary Conditions - p. 426 78. Reactive Conditions - p. 434 79. Ulcerative Conditions - p. 442 80. Papillary Lesions - p. 446 81. Tumor-like Conditions - p. 449 82. Infections - p. 463 83. Lichenoid and Hypersensitivity Reactions - p. 467 84. Autoimmune Conditions - p. 474 85. Salivary Gland Disease - p. 477 86. Precancerous Conditions - p. 486 87. Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Variants - p. 492 88. Oral Lymphoma - p. 498 89. Pigmented Lesions - p. 499 90. Other Tumors - p. 503 91. Chapter 13. Diseases of the anogenital skin - p. 505 92. Introduction - p. 506 93. Embryology - p. 506 94. Normal female anatomy - p. 506 95. Pubic hair - p. 508 96. Anogenital mammary-like glands - p. 509 97. Normal variants - p. 510 98. Inflammatory dermatoses - p. 512 99. Associations with systemic disease - p. 531 100. Infectious diseases - p. 532 101. Miscellaneous conditions - p. 551 102. Genital pigmented lesions - p. 553 103. Benign epithelial lesions - p. 558 104. Genital intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma - p. 562 105. Cloacogenic carcinoma - p. 584 106. Tumors of anogenital mammary-like glands - p. 585 107. Metastatic tumors - p. 590 108. Lymphoma and leukemia - p. 590 109. Juvenile xanthogranuloma - p. 590 110. Langerhans cell histiocytosis - p. 590 111. Soft tissue tumors - p. 590 112. Chapter 14. Degenerative and metabolic diseases - p. 598 113. The hyperlipidemias - p. 598 114. Eruptive xanthomata - p. 601 115. Tendinous xanthomata - p. 602 116. Tuberous xanthomata - p. 602 117. Planar xanthomata - p. 603 118. Verruciform xanthoma - p. 606 119. Clinical features - p. 606 120. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 607 121. Differential diagnosis - p. 608 122. Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum - p. 608 123. Clinical features - p. 608 124. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 609 125. Differential diagnosis - p. 609 126. The amyloidoses - p. 610 127. Colloid milium - p. 620 128. Porphyria - p. 626 129. Ochronosis - p. 639 130. Calcinosis cutis - p. 644 131. The mucinoses - p. 648 132. Chapter 15. Cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs - p. 670 133. Adverse drug reactions – introduction - p. 670 134. Adverse drug reactions – clinical manifestations - p. 672 135. Exanthematous reactions - p. 672 136. Urticarial reactions, angioedema, and anaphylaxis - p. 674 137. Serum sickness/serum sickness-like drug reactions - p. 674 138. Phototoxic and photoallergic reactions - p. 675 139. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms - p. 677 140. Symmetric drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthem - p. 678 141. Lichenoid and interface drug reactions - p. 679 142. Fixed drug eruptions - p. 680 143. Erythema multiforme - p. 682 144. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis - p. 682 145. Drug-induced hyperpigmentation - p. 682 146. Vasculitic drug reactions - p. 686 147. Purpuric drug reactions - p. 686 148. Granulomatous drug reactions - p. 686 149. Drug-induced panniculitis - p. 687 150. Drug-induced alopecia - p. 688 151. Drug-induced lupus erythematosus - p. 689 152. Bullous drug reactions - p. 689 153. Drug-induced linear IgA disease - p. 689 154. Drug-induced bullous pemphigoid - p. 690 155. Drug-induced epidermolysis bullosa acquisita - p. 691 156. Drug-induced pemphigus - p. 691 157. Drug-induced pseudoporphyria - p. 692 158. Psoriasiform drug reactions - p. 692 159. Pityriasiform drug reactions - p. 692 160. Pustular drug reactions - p. 693 161. Ichthyosiform drug reactions - p. 694 162. Drug-induced pseudolymphoma - p. 694 163. Drug-induced mucinosis - p. 697 164. Specific drug reactions - p. 697 165. Arsenic - p. 697 166. Iododerma - p. 698 167. Bromoderma - p. 698 168. Warfarin - p. 698 169. Heparin - p. 699 170. Penicillamine - p. 700 171. Gold - p. 700 172. Silver - p. 701 173. Mercury - p. 701 174. Bismuth - p. 702 175. Barbiturates and coma blisters - p. 703 176. Cutaneous reactions to oncologic agents - p. 703 177. Cutaneous reactions to targeted therapy - p. 706 178. Cutaneous reactions to checkpoint inhibition - p. 711 179. Adverse reactions to cytokine therapy - p. 714 180. Dental amalgam tattoos - p. 716 181. Esthetic microimplants - p. 716 182. Aluminum granuloma - p. 718 183. Adverse reactions to corticosteroid injections - p. 719 184. EMLA cream (prilocaine-lidocaine emulsion) - p. 720 185. Chapter 16. Neutrophilic and eosinophilic dermatoses - p. 721 186. Pyoderma gangrenosum - p. 721 187. Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet syndrome) - p. 726 188. Neutrophilic dermatoses associated with gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disease - p. 730 189. Rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatitis - p. 731 190. Arthropod and arachnid bite reactions - p. 732 191. Seabather’s eruption and coelenterate stings - p. 735 192. Erythema marginatum rheumaticum - p. 736 193. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and Still disease - p. 736 194. Urticaria - p. 738 195. Papular urticaria - p. 740 196. Neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis - p. 741 197. Hypereosinophilic syndrome - p. 742 198. Eosinophilic cellulitis - p. 743 199. Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis - p. 745 200. Incontinentia pigmenti - p. 746 201. Hidradenitis suppurativa - p. 748 202. Prurigo pigmentosa - p. 750 203. Autoinflammatory disease - p. 752 204. Chapter 17. Vascular diseases - p. 755 205. Introduction - p. 755 206. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis - p. 755 207. IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura) - p. 762 208. Infantile acute hemorrhagic edema - p. 764 209. Urticarial vasculitis - p. 764 210. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis - p. 766 211. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis - p. 770 212. Microscopic polyangiitis - p. 773 213. Polyarteritis nodosa - p. 775 214. Lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis - p. 779 215. Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) - p. 780 216. Granuloma faciale - p. 782 217. Erythema elevatum diutinum - p. 784 218. Behçet disease - p. 786 219. Thromboangiitis obliterans - p. 790 220. Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis) - p. 791 221. Juvenile temporal arteritis - p. 793 222. Takayasu arteritis - p. 793 223. Infection-related vasculitis - p. 795 224. Paraneoplastic vasculitis - p. 796 225. Vasculitis associated with palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis - p. 797 226. Lymphocytic vasculitis - p. 797 227. Atrophic papulosis - p. 798 228. Livedoid vasculopathy and atrophie blanche - p. 801 229. Dermatological manifestations of cholesterol crystal embolism, embolism from atrial myxoma, and injection of foreign material - p. 803 230. Disseminated intravascular coagulation - p. 803 231. Cryoglobulinemia - p. 806 232. Antiphospholipid syndrome and Sneddon syndrome - p. 808 233. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome - p. 809 234. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura - p. 810 235. Factor V (Leiden) mutation - p. 811 236. Hypergammaglobulinemic purpura - p. 811 237. Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases associated with vasculitis and vasculitis-like manifestations - p. 812 238. Superficial thrombophlebitis - p. 812 239. Mondor disease - p. 812 240. Senile (actinic) purpura - p. 813 241. Cocaine-related retiform purpura - p. 813 242. Cutaneous collagenous vasculopathy - p. 814 243. Chapter 18. Idiopathic connective tissue disorders - p. 815 244. Lupus erythematosus - p. 815 245. Systemic sclerosis - p. 842 246. Localized scleroderma (morphea) - p. 852 247. Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini - p. 859 248. Eosinophilic fasciitis - p. 860 249. Polymyositis/dermatomyositis - p. 863 250. Mixed connective tissue disease - p. 868 251. Relapsing polychondritis - p. 871 252. Volume Two - p. V2 253. Chapter 19. Infectious diseases of the skin - p. 875 254. Viral infections - p. 875 255. Common wart - p. 875 256. Plantar warts - p. 878 257. Plane warts - p. 879 258. Condyloma acuminatum - p. 880 259. Bowenoid papulosis - p. 882 260. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis - p. 882 261. Herpes simplex virus infections - p. 885 262. Varicella and herpes zoster - p. 889 263. Cytomegalovirus infections - p. 892 264. Exanthem subitum - p. 894 265. Measles - p. 894 266. Eruptive pseudoangiomatosis - p. 895 267. Diseases caused by orthopox viruses - p. 896 268. Diseases caused by parapox viruses - p. 899 269. Ecthyma contagiosum - p. 900 270. Infections caused by other parapox viruses - p. 901 271. Molluscum contagiosum - p. 902 272. Hand, foot, and mouth disease - p. 904 273. Viral hemorrhagic fevers - p. 905 274. Trichodysplasia spinulosa - p. 909 275. Pruritic and dyskeratotic dermatosis associated with human polyomavirus 6 and 7 - p. 910 276. Bacterial Infections - p. 910 277. Impetigo - p. 910 278. Cutaneous manifestations of acute rheumatic fever - p. 912 279. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome - p. 913 280. Toxic shock syndrome - p. 915 281. Erysipelas and cellulitis - p. 915 282. Necrotizing fasciitis - p. 916 283. Infective folliculitis - p. 918 284. Folliculitis keloidalis nuchae - p. 920 285. Pseudofolliculitis - p. 920 286. Meningococcal septicemia - p. 921 287. Gonorrhea - p. 921 288. Plague - p. 921 289. Cutaneous anthrax - p. 922 290. Brucellosis - p. 923 291. Diseases caused by Bartonella species - p. 924 292. Lyme disease - p. 928 293. Endemic (nonvenereal) treponematoses - p. 930 294. Tuberculosis - p. 932 295. Tuberculids - p. 940 296. Cutaneous complications of bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination - p. 941 297. Nontuberculous environmental mycobacterial infections - p. 942 298. Leprosy - p. 949 299. Rhinoscleroma - p. 956 300. Nocardiosis - p. 958 301. Botryomycosis - p. 959 302. Malakoplakia - p. 960 303. Actinomycosis - p. 961 304. Whipple disease - p. 963 305. Erythrasma - p. 963 306. Trichobacteriosis - p. 964 307. Pitted keratolysis - p. 964 308. Cutaneous diphtheria - p. 965 309. Sago palm disease - p. 966 310. Tularemia - p. 966 311. Infections caused by Rickettsiae - p. 966 312. Protozoal infections - p. 968 313. Algal infections - p. 975 314. Fungal Infections - p. 976 315. Tinea capitis - p. 976 316. Tinea corporis - p. 980 317. Tinea pedis and tinea cruris - p. 981 318. Nodular granulomatous perifolliculitis - p. 982 319. Diseases caused by Malassezia species - p. 983 320. Tinea nigra - p. 985 321. Candidiasis - p. 985 322. Aspergillosis - p. 988 323. Hyalohyphomycosis - p. 990 324. Blastomycosis - p. 992 325. Paracoccidioidomycosis - p. 994 326. Coccidioidomycosis - p. 995 327. Cryptococcosis - p. 997 328. Mucormycosis - p. 999 329. Entomophthoramycosis - p. 1001 330. Chromoblastomycosis - p. 1003 331. Mycetoma - p. 1004 332. Pheohyphomycosis - p. 1006 333. Alternariosis - p. 1008 334. Histoplasmosis - p. 1008 335. Emergomycosis - p. 1011 336. Talaromycosis - p. 1012 337. Sporotrichosis - p. 1013 338. Lobomycosis - p. 1014 339. Pneumocystosis - p. 1016 340. Diseases caused by Mesomycetozoea - p. 1017 341. Arthropod infestations - p. 1018 342. Nematode infestation - p. 1021 343. Trematode infestation - p. 1026 344. Cestode infestation - p. 1027 345. Chapter 20. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated cutaneous diseases - p. 1030 346. Chapter 21. Disorders of pigmentation - p. 1047 347. Disorders of hypopigmentation - p. 1047 348. Vitiligo - p. 1047 349. Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease - p. 1050 350. Clinical features - p. 1050 351. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1051 352. Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis - p. 1051 353. Clinical features - p. 1051 354. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1051 355. Differential diagnosis - p. 1051 356. Oculocutaneous albinism - p. 1051 357. Disorders of hyperpigmentation - p. 1059 358. Melasma - p. 1059 359. Laugier–Hunziker syndrome - p. 1060 360. Clinical features - p. 1060 361. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1061 362. Differential diagnosis - p. 1061 363. McCune–Albright syndrome - p. 1061 364. Clinical features - p. 1061 365. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1061 366. Reticulate pigmented anomaly of the flexures (Dowling–Degos disease) - p. 1061 367. Clinical features - p. 1061 368. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1062 369. Differential diagnosis - p. 1062 370. Reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura - p. 1062 371. Clinical features - p. 1062 372. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1062 373. Differential diagnosis - p. 1063 374. Naegeli–Franceschetti–Jadassohn syndrome - p. 1063 375. Clinical features - p. 1063 376. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1064 377. Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis - p. 1064 378. Clinical features - p. 1064 379. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1065 380. Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria - p. 1065 381. Clinical features - p. 1065 382. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1065 383. Peutz–Jeghers syndrome - p. 1065 384. Clinical features - p. 1065 385. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1066 386. Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome - p. 1066 387. Clinical features - p. 1066 388. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1066 389. Cronkhite–Canada syndrome - p. 1066 390. Clinical features - p. 1066 391. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1067 392. Carney complex - p. 1067 393. Clinical features - p. 1067 394. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1068 395. LEOPARD syndrome - p. 1069 396. Clinical features - p. 1069 397. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1070 398. Linear and whorled hyperpigmentation - p. 1070 399. Clinical features - p. 1070 400. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1070 401. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation - p. 1070 402. Clinical features - p. 1070 403. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1070 404. Acquired brachial cutaneous dyschromatosis - p. 1071 405. Clinical features - p. 1071 406. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1071 407. Riehl melanosis - p. 1071 408. Clinical features - p. 1071 409. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1071 410. Notalgia paresthetica - p. 1071 411. Clinical features - p. 1071 412. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1072 413. Differential diagnosis - p. 1072 414. Diffuse melanosis associated with metastatic melanoma - p. 1072 415. Clinical features - p. 1072 416. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1072 417. Chapter 22. Diseases of collagen and elastic tissue - p. 1073 418. Introduction - p. 1073 419. Diseases of collagen: generalized disorders - p. 1073 420. Diseases of collagen: localized disorders - p. 1087 421. Diseases of elastic tissue - p. 1089 422. Cutis laxa - p. 1089 423. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum - p. 1091 424. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum and inherited hemolytic and other syndromes - p. 1096 425. Periumbilical pseudoxanthoma elasticum - p. 1096 426. Late-onset focal dermal elastosis - p. 1096 427. Anetoderma - p. 1096 428. Perifollicular elastolysis, anetoderma-like scars, and papular acne scars - p. 1098 429. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like papillary dermal elastolysis - p. 1098 430. Mid-dermal elastolysis - p. 1099 431. Linear focal elastosis - p. 1100 432. Striae distensae - p. 1101 433. Elastoma, elastic tissue nevus, and Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome - p. 1101 434. Papular elastorrhexis - p. 1103 435. Cutaneous effects of chronic sun damage and chronological aging - p. 1104 436. Glucocorticoid-related cutaneous atrophy - p. 1105 437. Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome - p. 1105 438. Werner syndrome - p. 1106 439. Radiation dermatitis - p. 1106 440. Proteus syndrome - p. 1108 441. Chapter 23. Diseases of the hair - p. 1110 442. Introduction - p. 1110 443. Diagnosis, history, and laboratory tests - p. 1110 444. Scalp biopsy and hair biopsy report - p. 1112 445. Embryology and anatomy of the normal hair follicle - p. 1114 446. Hair cycle - p. 1119 447. Classification of alopecia - p. 1121 448. Nonscarring alopecias - p. 1122 449. Androgenetic alopecia - p. 1122 450. Telogen effluvium - p. 1127 451. Alopecia in patients with COVID-19 - p. 1131 452. Anagen effluvium - p. 1132 453. Loose anagen hair syndrome - p. 1133 454. Short anagen syndrome - p. 1134 455. Alopecia areata - p. 1134 456. Temporal triangular alopecia - p. 1142 457. Psoriatic alopecia and psoriatic scarring alopecia - p. 1143 458. Traumatic alopecias - p. 1144 459. Trichotillomania - p. 1145 460. Traction alopecia - p. 1147 461. Senescent (senile) alopecia - p. 1150 462. Syphilitic alopecia - p. 1150 463. Lipedematous alopecia and lipedematous scalp - p. 1151 464. Clinical features - p. 1151 465. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1152 466. Differential diagnosis - p. 1152 467. Scarring alopecias - p. 1153 468. Scalp biopsies in scarring (cicatricial) alopecia - p. 1153 469. Pathogenesis - p. 1154 470. Classification of scarring alopecias - p. 1155 471. Lupus erythematosus - p. 1156 472. Lichen planopilaris - p. 1159 473. Classic lichen planopilaris - p. 1159 474. Frontal fibrosing alopecia - p. 1162 475. Pseudopélade of Brocq - p. 1165 476. Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia - p. 1167 477. Alopecia mucinosa - p. 1168 478. Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans - p. 1169 479. Neutrophilic-associated primary scarring alopecias - p. 1169 480. Folliculitis decalvans - p. 1169 481. Folliculitis decalvans and lichen planopilaris phenotypic spectrum - p. 1170 482. Hair shaft DISORDERS - p. 1175 483. Fractures of the hair shaft - p. 1175 484. Irregularities of the hair shaft - p. 1178 485. Virus-associated trichodysplasia spinulosa - p. 1180 486. Hair shaft coiling and twisting - p. 1181 487. Extraneous matter on the hair shaft - p. 1183 488. Miscellaneous follicular dermatoses - p. 1183 489. Chapter 24. Diseases of the nails - p. 1191 490. Introduction - p. 1191 491. Infectious diseases of the nail - p. 1194 492. Inflammatory diseases of the nail - p. 1197 493. Melanocytic lesions of the nail apparatus - p. 1201 494. Nonmelanocytic tumors of the nail apparatus - p. 1206 495. Chapter 25. Tumors of the surface epithelium - p. 1217 496. Epidermal nevi - p. 1217 497. Schimmelpenning syndrome - p. 1218 498. Nevus comedonicus syndrome - p. 1218 499. Pigmented hairy epidermal nevus syndrome - p. 1219 500. Angora hair nevus syndrome - p. 1219 501. Proteus syndrome - p. 1219 502. Type 2 segmental Cowden disease - p. 1219 503. FGFR3 epidermal nevus syndrome - p. 1219 504. CHILD syndrome - p. 1219 505. Phakomatosis pigmentokeratotica - p. 1219 506. Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus syndrome - p. 1220 507. Cutaneous skeletal hypophosphatemia syndrome - p. 1220 508. Histologic features - p. 1220 509. Cornu cutaneum - p. 1220 510. Acanthoma fissuratum - p. 1221 511. Clinical features - p. 1221 512. Histologic features - p. 1221 513. Ulcerative variant - p. 1233 514. Nodulocystic variant - p. 1233 515. Diffuse variant - p. 1234 516. Superficial variant - p. 1234 517. Pigmented variant - p. 1234 518. Giant basal cell carcinoma - p. 1235 519. Rare variants - p. 1240 520. Pleomorphic (giant cell, with monster cells) basal cell carcinoma - p. 1240 521. Clear cell basal cell carcinoma - p. 1241 522. Signet ring cell basal cell carcinoma - p. 1241 523. Granular basal cell carcinoma - p. 1242 524. Basal cell carcinoma with differentiation toward adnexal structures - p. 1242 525. Infundibulocystic basal cell carcinoma - p. 1242 526. Metaplastic basal cell carcinoma - p. 1242 527. Basal cell carcinoma with matrical differentiation (shadow cell basal cell carcinoma) - p. 1243 528. Keloidal basal cell carcinoma - p. 1243 529. Basal cell carcinoma with thickened basement membrane - p. 1243 530. Basal cell carcinoma with neuroid-type nuclear palisading - p. 1243 531. Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome - p. 1245 532. Clinical features - p. 1245 533. Histologic features - p. 1249 534. Differential diagnosis - p. 1249 535. Bazex–Dupré–Christol and Rombo syndromes - p. 1249 536. Clinical features - p. 1249 537. Histologic features - p. 1249 538. Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus - p. 1249 539. Clinical features - p. 1249 540. Histologic features - p. 1249 541. Actinic keratoses - p. 1250 542. Clinical features - p. 1250 543. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1251 544. Differential diagnosis - p. 1253 545. Squamous carcinoma in situ (Bowen disease) - p. 1253 546. Clinical features - p. 1253 547. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1254 548. Differential diagnosis - p. 1259 549. PUVA keratosis - p. 1259 550. Clinical features - p. 1259 551. Histologic features - p. 1259 552. Arsenical keratoses - p. 1259 553. Clinical features - p. 1259 554. Histologic features - p. 1260 555. Squamous cell carcinoma - p. 1260 556. Clinical features - p. 1260 557. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1263 558. Radiation - p. 1263 559. Immunosuppressive agents - p. 1264 560. Human papillomavirus - p. 1265 561. Chemical carcinogens - p. 1265 562. Chronic inflammation and chronic infection - p. 1265 563. Association with BRAF inhibitors - p. 1265 564. Differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma - p. 1265 565. Differential diagnosis - p. 1267 566. Variants of squamous cell carcinoma - p. 1269 567. Clear cell and signet ring cell squamous carcinoma - p. 1269 568. Spindle cell squamous carcinoma - p. 1270 569. Desmoplastic squamous cell carcinoma - p. 1272 570. Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma - p. 1273 571. Pseudovascular squamous cell carcinoma - p. 1274 572. Adenosquamous carcinoma/mucoepidermoid carcinoma of skin - p. 1274 573. Verrucous carcinoma - p. 1275 574. Chapter 26. Melanocytic nevi and melanoma - p. 1297 575. GENERAL INTRODUCTION - p. 1297 576. Pigmented Lesions without Neoplastic Melanocytes - p. 1298 577. Genital lentiginosis - p. 1300 578. Melanocytic Neoplasia - p. 1302 579. Variants of common acquired melanocytic nevi - p. 1314 580. Histologic patterns that can complicate the diagnosis of melanocytic tumors - p. 1322 581. Melanocytomas of the low-CSD pathway - p. 1334 582. WNT-activated deep penetrating/plexiform melanocytoma (nevus) - p. 1335 583. The high cumulative sun-induced damage pathway - p. 1349 584. Atypical (dysplastic) lentiginous nevus of the elderly - p. 1349 585. Desmoplastic nevus on chronic sun-damaged skin - p. 1349 586. Lentigo maligna - p. 1350 587. Desmoplastic melanoma - p. 1354 588. Spitz pathway - p. 1358 589. Spitz nevus - p. 1359 590. Desmoplastic Spitz nevus - p. 1369 591. Pigmented spindle cell nevus of Reed - p. 1371 592. Pigmented epithelioid cell nevus - p. 1373 593. Pagetoid Spitz nevus - p. 1374 594. Atypical Spitz tumor - p. 1374 595. Spitz melanocytoma (atypical Spitz tumor) - p. 1375 596. Spitz melanoma - p. 1376 597. Ancillary techniques in Spitz melanocytic proliferations - p. 1379 598. Acral melanoma pathway - p. 1379 599. Acral nevus - p. 1380 600. Acral (lentiginous) melanoma - p. 1380 601. Genital and mucosal melanocytic tumors - p. 1384 602. Genital melanocytic nevi - p. 1384 603. Mucosal melanoma - p. 1384 604. Blue nevus and related tumors (blue nevus pathway) - p. 1384 605. Dermal melanocytic lesions (dermal melanocytoses) - p. 1385 606. Congenital dermal melanocytosis - p. 1385 607. Nevus of Ota - p. 1386 608. Nevus of Ito - p. 1387 609. Sun nevus - p. 1388 610. Hori nevus - p. 1388 611. Common blue nevus - p. 1388 612. Patch-like blue nevus - p. 1390 613. Target blue nevus - p. 1390 614. Plaque-like blue nevus - p. 1390 615. Sclerosing (desmoplastic) blue nevus - p. 1391 616. Compound blue nevus - p. 1391 617. Hypopigmented common blue nevus - p. 1391 618. Epithelioid and fusiform blue nevus of chronically sun-damaged skin - p. 1392 619. Neurocristic hamartoma - p. 1393 620. Cellular blue nevus - p. 1393 621. Blue nevus with PKC gene fusion - p. 1397 622. Atypical cellular blue nevus - p. 1397 623. Melanocytomas of the blue nevus pathway - p. 1398 624. Melanoma arising from blue nevus - p. 1398 625. Uveal and CNS melanocytic tumors - p. 1400 626. Congenital melanocytic nevus pathway - p. 1400 627. Congenital melanocytic nevi - p. 1400 628. Congenital nevi in neonates and young children - p. 1404 629. Giant congenital melanocytic nevi - p. 1404 630. Nevus spilus - p. 1406 631. Proliferative nodule in congenital nevus - p. 1406 632. Melanoma arising in congenital nevus - p. 1408 633. Pediatric melanoma - p. 1408 634. Morphologic subtypes of melanoma not limited to a specific pathway - p. 1409 635. Nodular melanoma - p. 1410 636. Spitzoid melanoma - p. 1410 637. Signet ring cell melanoma - p. 1410 638. Rhabdoid melanoma - p. 1411 639. Balloon and clear cell melanoma - p. 1411 640. Myxoid melanoma - p. 1412 641. Melanoma with neuroendocrine differentiation - p. 1413 642. Adenoid and pseudopapillary melanoma - p. 1413 643. Angiotropic and angiomatoid (pseudovascular) melanoma - p. 1413 644. Transdifferentiated melanoma (melanoma with heterologous differentiation) - p. 1413 645. Primary dermal melanoma - p. 1414 646. Nested melanoma - p. 1414 647. Nevoid melanoma - p. 1415 648. Small cell melanoma - p. 1417 649. Dermal squamomelanocytic tumor - p. 1417 650. Basomelanocytic tumor - p. 1418 651. Epidermotropic metastatic melanoma - p. 1420 652. Blue nevus-like metastatic melanoma - p. 1420 653. MELANOCYTIC TOOLS AND CONCEPTS - p. 1421 654. Diagnostic uncertainty in melanocytic tumors - p. 1424 655. Superficial atypical melanocytic proliferations of unknown significance - p. 1424 656. Melanocytic tumors of uncertain malignant potential (MELTUMP) - p. 1424 657. Prognostic indicators - p. 1425 658. Emerging concepts in metastatic melanoma - p. 1430 659. Treatment of melanoma - p. 1431 660. Chapter 27. Tumors of the conjunctiva - p. 1433 661. Chapter 28. Sentinel lymph node biopsies - p. 1456 662. Chapter 29. Cutaneous lymphoproliferative diseases and related disorders - p. 1471 663. T-cell lymphomas - p. 1472 664. Mycosis fungoides - p. 1472 665. Transformation of mycosis fungoides - p. 1485 666. Classic mycosis fungoides with unusual clinical manifestations - p. 1486 667. Mycosis fungoides with unusual histologic features - p. 1490 668. Granulomatous mycosis fungoides - p. 1490 669. Interstitial mycosis fungoides - p. 1491 670. Syringotropic mycosis fungoides - p. 1491 671. Mycosis fungoides with dermal mucin - p. 1492 672. Distinct variants of mycosis fungoides - p. 1492 673. Sézary syndrome - p. 1499 674. Primary cutaneous CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders - p. 1502 675. Primary cutaneous CD4-positive small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder - p. 1510 676. Primary cutaneous acral CD8+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder - p. 1512 677. Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma - p. 1513 678. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma - p. 1515 679. Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma - p. 1517 680. Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type - p. 1519 681. Primary cutaneous CD8-positive aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma - p. 1521 682. EBV-positive lymphoproliferative diseases of childhood - p. 1522 683. Hydroa vacciniforme lymphoproliferative disorder - p. 1523 684. Primary cutaneous gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma - p. 1524 685. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified - p. 1525 686. Benign cutaneous infiltrates that can be mistaken for cutaneous lymphoma (reactive T-cell–rich lymphoid proliferations/cutaneous T-cell pseudolymphomas) - p. 1526 687. Nodular reactive T-cell–rich lymphoid proliferations - p. 1528 688. B-cell lymphomas - p. 1531 689. Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma - p. 1531 690. Primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma - p. 1531 691. Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma - p. 1535 692. Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type - p. 1538 693. Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, other - p. 1540 694. Secondary cutaneous involvement by B-cell lymphoma - p. 1540 695. Mantle cell lymphoma - p. 1540 696. B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma - p. 1542 697. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis - p. 1543 698. Cutaneous manifestations of plasma cell myeloma and primary cutaneous plasmacytoma - p. 1545 699. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma - p. 1547 700. Plasmablastic lymphoma - p. 1548 701. Other B-cell lymphomas secondarily involving the skin - p. 1550 702. Cutaneous manifestations of Hodgkin lymphoma - p. 1550 703. Lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphomas associated with immunodeficiency and dysregulation - p. 1552 704. Epstein–Barr virus-positive mucocutaneous ulcer - p. 1552 705. Inborn error of immunity-associated lymphoproliferative disorders - p. 1553 706. Benign cutaneous infiltrates that can be mistaken for cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (reactive cutaneous B-cell–rich lymphoid proliferations/cutaneous B-cell pseudolymphoma) - p. 1554 707. Histiocytic disorders - p. 1559 708. Non-langerhans cell cutaneous and mucocutaneous histiocytoses - p. 1568 709. Cutaneous leukemic infiltrates and precursor cell neoplasms - p. 1584 710. Chapter 30. Cutaneous metastases and Paget disease of the skin - p. 1593 711. Cutaneous metastases - p. 1593 712. Individual tumors - p. 1602 713. Squamous carcinoma - p. 1602 714. Adenocarcinoma - p. 1603 715. Mesothelioma - p. 1610 716. Mammary and extramammary Paget disease - p. 1612 717. Clinical features - p. 1612 718. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1614 719. Differential diagnosis - p. 1616 720. Chapter 31. Tumors of the hair follicle - p. 1618 721. Hair nevi - p. 1618 722. Hair follicle nevus - p. 1618 723. Woolly hair nevus - p. 1618 724. Comedo nevus - p. 1618 725. Basaloid follicular hamartoma - p. 1619 726. Dilated pore - p. 1620 727. Pilar sheath acanthoma - p. 1622 728. Follicular infundibulum tumor (infundibuloma) - p. 1623 729. Trichoadenoma - p. 1623 730. Trichilemmoma and Cowden disease - p. 1624 731. Desmoplastic trichilemmoma - p. 1627 732. Trichilemmal carcinoma - p. 1628 733. Proliferating trichilemmal (pilar) cyst - p. 1629 734. Pilomatrixoma - p. 1630 735. Pilomatrix carcinoma - p. 1634 736. Wnt/beta-catenin activated non pilomatrical carcinoma of the skin - p. 1637 737. Clinical features - p. 1637 738. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1638 739. Clinical features - p. 1638 740. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1638 741. Differential diagnosis - p. 1638 742. Trichofolliculoma - p. 1639 743. Clinical features - p. 1639 744. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1640 745. Folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma - p. 1641 746. Clinical features - p. 1641 747. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1641 748. Differential diagnosis - p. 1643 749. Sebaceous trichofolliculoma - p. 1643 750. Clinical features - p. 1643 751. Histologic features - p. 1643 752. Differential diagnosis - p. 1644 753. Trichoepithelioma - p. 1644 754. Clinical features - p. 1644 755. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1646 756. Differential diagnosis - p. 1647 757. Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma (sclerosing epithelial hamartoma) - p. 1648 758. Clinical features - p. 1648 759. Histologic features - p. 1648 760. Differential diagnosis - p. 1649 761. Trichoblastoma - p. 1650 762. Clinical features - p. 1650 763. Histologic features - p. 1650 764. Differential diagnosis - p. 1653 765. Adamantinoid trichoblastoma (cutaneous lymphadenoma, lymphoepithelial tumor of the skin) - p. 1653 766. Clinical features - p. 1653 767. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1653 768. Differential diagnosis - p. 1654 769. Malignant trichoblastoma - p. 1656 770. Clinical features - p. 1656 771. Histologic features - p. 1657 772. Differential diagnosis - p. 1658 773. Perifollicular fibroma - p. 1658 774. Clinical features - p. 1658 775. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1658 776. Fibrofolliculoma - p. 1658 777. Clinical features - p. 1658 778. Histologic features - p. 1659 779. Trichodiscoma, Birt-Hogg-Dubé, and Hornstein-Knickenberg syndromes - p. 1659 780. Clinical features - p. 1659 781. Pathogenesis and histologic features - p. 1661 782. Neurofollicular hamartoma (spindle cell predominant trichodiscoma) - p. 1661 783. Clinical features - p. 1661 784. Histologic features - p. 1661 785. Chapter 32. Tumors and related lesions of the sebaceous glands - p. 1663 786. Ectopic sebaceous glands - p. 1663 787. Sebaceous hyperplasia - p. 1663 788. Nevus sebaceus - p. 1664 789. Steatocystoma and sebocystomatosis - p. 1667 790. Sebaceous adenoma - p. 1670 791. Sebaceous epithelioma - p. 1671 792. Sebaceoma - p. 1671 793. Superficial epithelioma with sebaceous differentiation - p. 1674 794. Basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation - p. 1675 795. Sebaceous carcinoma - p. 1675 796. Muir-Torre syndrome - p. 1679 797. Mantleoma - p. 1682 798. Other cutaneous tumors showing sebaceous differentiation - p. 1682 799. Chapter 33. Tumors of the sweat glands - p. 1683 800. Apocrine nevus - p. 1683 801. Apocrine hidrocystoma and apocrine cystadenoma - p. 1683 802. Hybrid epidermoid and apocrine cyst - p. 1684 803. Syringocystadenoma papilliferum - p. 1685 804. Syringocystadenocarcinoma papilliferum - p. 1687 805. Hidradenoma papilliferum - p. 1687 806. Tubular apocrine adenoma - p. 1688 807. Adenoma and adenocarcinoma of the anogenital mammary-like glands - p. 1690 808. Nipple adenoma - p. 1690 809. Syringomatous adenoma of the nipple - p. 1690 810. Apocrine poroma - p. 1690 811. Cutaneous oncocytoma - p. 1691 812. Apocrine carcinoma - p. 1691 813. Cribriform tumor (Primary cutaneous cribriform carcinoma) - p. 1694 814. Ceruminous gland tumors - p. 1695 815. Mixed tumor of the skin - p. 1695 816. Malignant mixed tumor - p. 1700 817. Myoepithelioma and malignant myoepithelioma - p. 1702 818. Eccrine nevus - p. 1704 819. Adnexal polyp of neonatal skin - p. 1704 820. Eccrine syringofibroadenoma - p. 1705 821. Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma - p. 1706 822. Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus - p. 1707 823. Eccrine hidrocystoma - p. 1708 824. Benign poroid neoplasms - p. 1709 825. Hidroacanthoma simplex - p. 1709 826. Eccrine poroma - p. 1710 827. Dermal duct tumor - p. 1712 828. Eccrine porocarcinoma - p. 1713 829. Syringoma - p. 1714 830. Papillary eccrine adenoma - p. 1717 831. Digital papillary adenocarcinoma - p. 1719 832. Hidradenoma - p. 1721 833. Hidradenocarcinoma - p. 1725 834. Dermal cylindroma - p. 1726 835. Malignant cylindroma - p. 1730 836. Spiradenoma - p. 1732 837. Spiradenocarcinoma - p. 1735 838. Syringoid eccrine carcinoma - p. 1737 839. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma - p. 1739 840. Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma - p. 1741 841. Primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma - p. 1744 842. Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma - p. 1748 843. Secretory carcinoma of the skin - p. 1749 844. Microsecretory adenocarcinoma of the skin - p. 1749 845. Nuclear protein in testis carcinoma of the skin - p. 1750 846. Eccrine ductal carcinoma - p. 1750 847. Squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma - p. 1751 848. Polymorphous sweat gland carcinoma - p. 1753 849. Primary cutaneous signet ring cell carcinoma - p. 1754 850. Chapter 34. Cutaneous cysts - p. 1756 851. Follicular cysts - p. 1756 852. Glandular cysts - p. 1766 853. Chapter 35. Connective tissue tumors - p. 1776 854. Introduction - p. 1776 855. Adipocytic Tumors - p. 1777 856. Tumors of Fibrous, Fibroblastic and Myofibroblastic Tissue - p. 1791 857. Benign fibrous and myofibroblastic tumors and tumor-like lesions - p. 1791 858. Hypertrophic scar - p. 1791 859. Keloid - p. 1791 860. Nodular fasciitis - p. 1792 861. Proliferative fasciitis and proliferative myositis - p. 1795 862. Fibro-osseous tumor of the digits - p. 1796 863. Ischemic fasciitis - p. 1796 864. Elastofibroma - p. 1797 865. Fibroepithelial polyp (including pleomorphic fibroma) - p. 1799 866. Dermatomyofibroma - p. 1800 867. Storiform collagenoma - p. 1801 868. Nuchal and nuchal-type fibroma - p. 1802 869. Gardner fibroma - p. 1802 870. Nuchal fibrocartilaginous pseudotumor - p. 1803 871. Fibromatosis colli - p. 1803 872. Calcifying fibrous tumor - p. 1803 873. Fibroma of tendon sheath - p. 1804 874. Desmoplastic fibroblastoma - p. 1805 875. Inclusion body fibromatosis - p. 1805 876. Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma - p. 1806 877. Knuckle pad - p. 1807 878. Acquired digital fibrokeratoma - p. 1807 879. Superficial acral fibromyxoma - p. 1808 880. Plaque-like CD34-positive dermal fibroma - p. 1809 881. Fibrous hamartoma of infancy - p. 1809 882. Fibroblastic connective tissue nevus - p. 1810 883. Angiofibroma of soft tissue - p. 1810 884. Mammary-type myofibroblastoma of soft tissue - p. 1812 885. Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis - p. 1812 886. EWSR1::SMAD3-positive fibroblastic tumor - p. 1813 887. Palmar fibromatosis - p. 1814 888. Plantar fibromatosis - p. 1815 889. Penile fibromatosis - p. 1815 890. Cutaneous myxoma - p. 1816 891. Intermediate (locally aggressive) fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumors - p. 1816 892. Desmoid fibromatosis - p. 1816 893. Lipofibromatosis - p. 1817 894. Giant cell fibroblastoma - p. 1818 895. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans - p. 1819 896. Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma - p. 1825 897. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor - p. 1826 898. Solitary fibrous tumor - p. 1827 899. Giant cell angiofibroma - p. 1828 900. Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma - p. 1829 901. Infantile fibrosarcoma - p. 1829 902. Superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor - p. 1830 903. Malignant fibroblastic tumors - p. 1831 904. Fibrohistiocytic Tumors - p. 1835 905. Nerve Sheath and Neuroectodermal Tumors and tumor-like Lesions - p. 1851 906. Reactive lesions - p. 1851 907. Neural hamartomas - p. 1854 908. Benign neural tumors - p. 1854 909. Solitary circumscribed neuroma - p. 1854 910. Schwannoma - p. 1855 911. Hybrid schwannoma-perineurioma - p. 1860 912. Neurofibroma - p. 1861 913. Neurofibromatosis - p. 1865 914. Granular cell tumor - p. 1869 915. Congenital granular cell epulis - p. 1871 916. Dermal nerve sheath myxoma - p. 1871 917. Perineurioma - p. 1872 918. NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasm - p. 1874 919. Heterotopias - p. 1875 920. Malignant neural neoplasms - p. 1878 921. Smooth Muscle Tumors - p. 1880 922. Striated Muscle Tumors - p. 1886 923. Tumors of Vascular Origin - p. 1890 924. Introduction - p. 1890 925. Benign tumors including reactive vascular proliferations, malformations, and ectasias - p. 1890 926. Congenital and infantile hemangiomas - p. 1893 927. Rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma (RICH) - p. 1893 928. Noninvoluting congenital hemangioma (NICH) - p. 1893 929. Infantile hemangioma - p. 1894 930. Infantile hemangiomas with minimal or arrested growth (abortive hemangiomas) - p. 1895 931. Cherry angioma - p. 1895 932. Lobular capillary hemangioma (pyogenic granuloma) - p. 1895 933. Glomeruloid hemangioma - p. 1898 934. Papillary hemangioma - p. 1898 935. Thrombosing hemangioma with organizing/anastomosing features - p. 1898 936. Symplastic hemangioma - p. 1899 937. Angiokeratoma - p. 1900 938. Verrucous venous malformation (verrucous hemangioma) - p. 1901 939. Angiomatosis - p. 1901 940. Nevus flammeus - p. 1901 941. Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita - p. 1903 942. Spider nevus - p. 1903 943. Angioma serpiginosum - p. 1903 944. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia - p. 1904 945. Generalized essential telangiectasia - p. 1904 946. Venous lake - p. 1904 947. Arteriovenous hemangioma - p. 1904 948. Cavernous hemangioma - p. 1905 949. Microvenular hemangioma - p. 1907 950. Epithelioid hemangioma - p. 1907 951. Cutaneous epithelioid angiomatous nodule - p. 1910 952. Spindle cell hemangioma - p. 1911 953. Tufted angioma - p. 1911 954. Acquired elastotic hemangioma - p. 1914 955. Poikilodermatous plaque-like hemangioma - p. 1914 956. Lymphatic tumors and proliferations - p. 1915 957. Vascular tumors of low-grade or borderline malignancy - p. 1919 958. Retiform hemangioendothelioma - p. 1919 959. Papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma - p. 1920 960. Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma - p. 1921 961. Kaposi sarcoma - p. 1922 962. Composite hemangioendothelioma - p. 1927 963. Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma - p. 1928 964. Malignant vascular tumors - p. 1929 965. Tumors of perivascular cells - p. 1939 966. Tumors of Bone and Cartilage-Forming Tissue - p. 1946 967. Miscellaneous Reactive Conditions - p. 1951 968. Benign Mesenchymal Neoplasms of Uncertain Differentiation - p. 1952 969. Mesenchymal Tumors of Unknown Histogenesis of Intermediate Biologic Potential - p. 1958 970. Malignant Tumors of Uncertain Histogenesis - p. 1961 971. Mesenchymal tumors with melanocytic differentiation - p. 1975 972. Cutaneous Metastasis of Sarcomas - p. 1978.e1 973. Chapter 36. Animal models of skin diseases - p. 1979 974. Introduction - p. 1979 975. One gene, one disease - p. 1980 976. Comparative anatomy of the human and mouse skin and adnexa - p. 1980 977. Specialized techniques for mouse skin - p. 1981 978. Creation of models of human disease - p. 1982 979. Examples of mouse models for human skin in health and disease - p. 1983 980. Infectious diseases - p. 1983 981. Vascular changes in the skin - p. 1984 982. Genetic-based skin diseases - p. 1985 983. Coat color genetics - p. 1986 984. A locus - p. 1986 985. B locus - p. 1986 986. C locus - p. 1988 987. D locus - p. 1989 988. P locus - p. 1989 989. Mouse models of melanoma - p. 1989 990. Carcinogen-induced melanoma - p. 1989 991. Genetically engineered mouse melanoma models - p. 1989 992. Syngeneic mouse melanoma models - p. 1990 993. Humanized mouse melanoma models - p. 1991 994. Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: mouse models that helped define the receptor-ligand concept - p. 1991 995. Hairless, rhino, papular atrichia, and genocopies - p. 1991 996. Alopecia areata - p. 1992 997. Psoriasiform mouse models - p. 1993 998. Xenografts: transplanting tissues from humans to mice - p. 1994 999. Currently missing mouse models of human skin pathology - p. 1994 1000. Zebrafish as a model system to study skin biology and pathology - p. 1996 1001. Zebrafish skin development - p. 1996 1002. The zebrafish genome and genetic manipulation - p. 1998 1003. Application of the zebrafish model for skin research - p. 1999 1004. Summary - p. 2002 1005. Index - p. I-1