1. 1 Introduction and homeostasis - p. 1 2. 2 Biochemistry and cell biology - p. 15 3. 3 Energy metabolism - p. 57 4. Introduction to Metabolism - p. 57 5. Carbohydrate Metabolism - p. 64 6. Amino Acid Metabolism - p. 82 7. Lipid Metabolism (Clinical box 3.19) - p. 88 8. Summary - p. 100 9. 4 Pharmacology - p. 103 10. Introduction - p. 103 11. Routes of Administration of Drugs - p. 103 12. Pharmacokinetics - p. 106 13. Pharmacodynamics - p. 122 14. The Autonomic Nervous System - p. 137 15. 5 Human genetics - p. 153 16. Introduction - p. 153 17. The Human Genome - p. 155 18. Human Genetic Variation - p. 170 19. Modes of Inheritance - p. 175 20. Polygenic or Complex Disease - p. 182 21. Tools to Investigate Polygenic Diseases - p. 184 22. Cancer Genetics - p. 185 23. Cancer Genes - p. 186 24. Identifying Disease Genes - p. 188 25. Genetic Disease, Diagnosis and Therapy - p. 203 26. 6 Infection, immunology and pathology - p. 209 27. Infection - p. 210 28. Immunity - p. 229 29. Neoplasia - p. 253 30. 7 Epidemiology: science for the art of medicine - p. 271 31. Introduction - p. 271 32. The Epidemiological Approach - p. 273 33. Epidemiological Enquiry - p. 284 34. Investigation by Review - p. 306 35. Health Education and Promotion - p. 313 36. 8 The nervous system - p. 327 37. Introduction - p. 327 38. Embryology - p. 327 39. Gross Anatomy - p. 330 40. The Ventricular System - p. 341 41. Cells of the Nervous System - p. 342 42. Blood Supply to the Brain and Brain Metabolism - p. 343 43. Transmission of Neural Signals - p. 346 44. Motor Control and Pathways - p. 354 45. Sensory Systems - p. 365 46. Special Senses - p. 371 47. Central Autonomic Networks - p. 382 48. Consciousness - p. 385 49. Sleep and Wakefulness - p. 385 50. Emotion - p. 386 51. Motivation and Goal-Directed Behaviours - p. 388 52. Higher Cortical Functions - p. 389 53. Brain Death - p. 392 54. 9 Bone, muscle, skin and connective tissue - p. 393 55. Introduction - p. 393 56. The Skeletal System - p. 394 57. Joints - p. 408 58. Skeletal Muscle - p. 422 59. Posture and Locomotion - p. 433 60. Specialised Connective Tissues: Skin, Hair and Nails - p. 435 61. Generalised Connective Tissue - p. 438 62. 10 Endocrinology and the reproductive system - p. 441 63. 11 The cardiovascular system - p. 483 64. Introduction - p. 483 65. Clinical Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System - p. 483 66. Embryology - p. 495 67. Cellular Structure and Function of the Heart - p. 500 68. Blood Vessels - p. 519 69. Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure - p. 545 70. 12 Haematology - p. 557 71. The Haemopoietic System - p. 557 72. Red Cells - p. 561 73. Oncogenesis and Disorders of Blood Cell Production - p. 579 74. Haemostasis and Thrombosis - p. 586 75. Blood Groups and Transfusion Medicine - p. 594 76. 13 The respiratory system - p. 603 77. Introduction - p. 603 78. Epidemiology of Respiratory Disease and Its Social Impact - p. 604 79. Classification of Common Respiratory Diseases - p. 604 80. Anatomy of the Respiratory System - p. 605 81. Mechanics of Breathing - p. 617 82. Principles of Gas Exchange - p. 626 83. Carriage of Oxygen by the Blood - p. 627 84. Carriage of Carbon Dioxide by the Blood - p. 628 85. Matching Lung Ventilation to Lung Perfusion - p. 630 86. Control of Breathing - p. 631 87. Energy Production and Oxygen Consumption - p. 634 88. Challenges to Normal Respiration - p. 635 89. Respiratory Failure - p. 637 90. Lung Defences Against Infection - p. 639 91. Development of the Lungs and Changes in the Newborn - p. 640 92. 14 The renal system - p. 643 93. 15 The alimentary system - p. 687 94. Introduction - p. 687 95. Overview of Digestion and Absorption - p. 689 96. Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen - p. 697 97. Microanatomy of the Gastrointestinal Tract - p. 699 98. Mouth - p. 701 99. Salivary Glands - p. 701 100. Pharynx and Oesophagus - p. 706 101. Stomach and Duodenum - p. 707 102. Control of Gastric Secretions - p. 710 103. Gastric Motility - p. 714 104. Exocrine Pancreas - p. 718 105. The Liver and Biliary System - p. 722 106. Small Intestine - p. 731 107. Large Intestine - p. 733 108. 16 Diet and nutrition - p. 737 109. Index - p. 771
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1. 1 Introduction and homeostasis - p. 1 2. 2 Biochemistry and cell biology - p. 15 3. 3 Energy metabolism - p. 57 4. Introduction to Metabolism - p. 57 5. Carbohydrate Metabolism - p. 64 6. Amino Acid Metabolism - p. 82 7. Lipid Metabolism (Clinical box 3.19) - p. 88 8. Summary - p. 100 9. 4 Pharmacology - p. 103 10. Introduction - p. 103 11. Routes of Administration of Drugs - p. 103 12. Pharmacokinetics - p. 106 13. Pharmacodynamics - p. 122 14. The Autonomic Nervous System - p. 137 15. 5 Human genetics - p. 153 16. Introduction - p. 153 17. The Human Genome - p. 155 18. Human Genetic Variation - p. 170 19. Modes of Inheritance - p. 175 20. Polygenic or Complex Disease - p. 182 21. Tools to Investigate Polygenic Diseases - p. 184 22. Cancer Genetics - p. 185 23. Cancer Genes - p. 186 24. Identifying Disease Genes - p. 188 25. Genetic Disease, Diagnosis and Therapy - p. 203 26. 6 Infection, immunology and pathology - p. 209 27. Infection - p. 210 28. Immunity - p. 229 29. Neoplasia - p. 253 30. 7 Epidemiology: science for the art of medicine - p. 271 31. Introduction - p. 271 32. The Epidemiological Approach - p. 273 33. Epidemiological Enquiry - p. 284 34. Investigation by Review - p. 306 35. Health Education and Promotion - p. 313 36. 8 The nervous system - p. 327 37. Introduction - p. 327 38. Embryology - p. 327 39. Gross Anatomy - p. 330 40. The Ventricular System - p. 341 41. Cells of the Nervous System - p. 342 42. Blood Supply to the Brain and Brain Metabolism - p. 343 43. Transmission of Neural Signals - p. 346 44. Motor Control and Pathways - p. 354 45. Sensory Systems - p. 365 46. Special Senses - p. 371 47. Central Autonomic Networks - p. 382 48. Consciousness - p. 385 49. Sleep and Wakefulness - p. 385 50. Emotion - p. 386 51. Motivation and Goal-Directed Behaviours - p. 388 52. Higher Cortical Functions - p. 389 53. Brain Death - p. 392 54. 9 Bone, muscle, skin and connective tissue - p. 393 55. Introduction - p. 393 56. The Skeletal System - p. 394 57. Joints - p. 408 58. Skeletal Muscle - p. 422 59. Posture and Locomotion - p. 433 60. Specialised Connective Tissues: Skin, Hair and Nails - p. 435 61. Generalised Connective Tissue - p. 438 62. 10 Endocrinology and the reproductive system - p. 441 63. 11 The cardiovascular system - p. 483 64. Introduction - p. 483 65. Clinical Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System - p. 483 66. Embryology - p. 495 67. Cellular Structure and Function of the Heart - p. 500 68. Blood Vessels - p. 519 69. Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure - p. 545 70. 12 Haematology - p. 557 71. The Haemopoietic System - p. 557 72. Red Cells - p. 561 73. Oncogenesis and Disorders of Blood Cell Production - p. 579 74. Haemostasis and Thrombosis - p. 586 75. Blood Groups and Transfusion Medicine - p. 594 76. 13 The respiratory system - p. 603 77. Introduction - p. 603 78. Epidemiology of Respiratory Disease and Its Social Impact - p. 604 79. Classification of Common Respiratory Diseases - p. 604 80. Anatomy of the Respiratory System - p. 605 81. Mechanics of Breathing - p. 617 82. Principles of Gas Exchange - p. 626 83. Carriage of Oxygen by the Blood - p. 627 84. Carriage of Carbon Dioxide by the Blood - p. 628 85. Matching Lung Ventilation to Lung Perfusion - p. 630 86. Control of Breathing - p. 631 87. Energy Production and Oxygen Consumption - p. 634 88. Challenges to Normal Respiration - p. 635 89. Respiratory Failure - p. 637 90. Lung Defences Against Infection - p. 639 91. Development of the Lungs and Changes in the Newborn - p. 640 92. 14 The renal system - p. 643 93. 15 The alimentary system - p. 687 94. Introduction - p. 687 95. Overview of Digestion and Absorption - p. 689 96. Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen - p. 697 97. Microanatomy of the Gastrointestinal Tract - p. 699 98. Mouth - p. 701 99. Salivary Glands - p. 701 100. Pharynx and Oesophagus - p. 706 101. Stomach and Duodenum - p. 707 102. Control of Gastric Secretions - p. 710 103. Gastric Motility - p. 714 104. Exocrine Pancreas - p. 718 105. The Liver and Biliary System - p. 722 106. Small Intestine - p. 731 107. Large Intestine - p. 733 108. 16 Diet and nutrition - p. 737 109. Index - p. 771
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