Nutrition and Physiology of Fish and Shellfish: Feed Regulation, Metabolism and Digestion is a solid reference on the most recent advances and fundamental subjects in nutrient metabolism, intestinal transport and physiology of taste in fish. The book covers the known nutrient requirements and deficiency effects for different fish, along with information on the digestion and metabolism of nutrients and energy. It discusses nutrient sources and preparation of practical and research feeds and provides directions for conducting fish nutrition and feeding experiments. Other sections address current topics of interest to researchers and nutritionists in aquaculture research and the feed and allied industry.
Nutrition and Physiology of Fish and Shellfish: Feed Regulation, Metabolism and Digestion is written by an international group of experts and contains fresh approaches of both classical and modern concepts of animal nutrition. All chapters clearly provide the essential literature related to the principles of fish nutrition and physiology that will be useful for academic researchers, those working professionally in aquaculture industries, and for graduate level students and researchers.
Presents the most recent advances in the field over the last decade
Includes all nutritionally balanced, environmentally sound, and cost-effective feed for finfish and crustaceans
Provides comprehensive coverage related to nutrition and metabolism of finfish and crustaceans, from fundamental nutritional concepts to digestive physiology and nutrient requirements
1. 3.1 Introduction - p. 43 2. 3.2 Fish oil—the gold standard - p. 48 3. 3.3 Terrestrial plant-based sources of lipids - p. 50 4. 3.4 Terrestrial animal-based fats and oils - p. 61 5. 3.5 Novel sources of n-3 LC PUFA rich lipids - p. 67 6. References - p. 73 7. Chapter 4. Chemistry and sources of carbohydrates - p. 81 8. Abstract - p. 81 9. 4.1 What are carbohydrates? - p. 81 10. 4.2 Digestion of carbohydrates - p. 93 11. 4.3 Carbohydrate digestibility and optimum dietary levels - p. 100 12. 4.4 Feed processing of carbohydrates - p. 102 13. 4.5 Starch and non-starch polysaccharides content analyses - p. 110 14. References - p. 112 15. Section 3: Feed regulation - p. 123 16. Chapter 5. Regulation of food intake in teleost fish - p. 125 17. Abstract - p. 125 18. 5.1 Introduction - p. 125 19. 5.2 Teleost fish specific features conditioning food intake - p. 125 20. 5.3 Regulation of food intake in fish - p. 127 21. 5.4 Modulation of food intake regulation - p. 157 22. References - p. 161 23. Chapter 6. Gustatory system and implications for feeding in fish - p. 189 24. Abstract - p. 189 25. 6.1 Introduction - p. 189 26. 6.2 Morphoanatomical aspects - p. 190 27. 6.3 Physiological aspects - p. 194 28. 6.4 Taste-related implications for feeding - p. 211 29. 6.5 Concluding remarks - p. 234 30. References - p. 235 31. Section 4: Metabolism - p. 245 32. Chapter 7. Protein homeostasis - p. 247 33. Abstract - p. 247 34. 7.1 Introduction - p. 247 35. 7.2 Measuring protein homeostasis in fish and crustaceans; classic and molecular approaches - p. 253 36. 7.3 Effect of nutrition on protein homeostasis in fish and crustaceans - p. 256 37. 7.4 Effect of environmental factors on protein homeostasis - p. 261 38. 7.5 Conclusion and future directions - p. 274 39. References - p. 277 40. Chapter 8. Metabolism of protein: metabolic transformation of dietary amino acids in fishes and shrimp - p. 287 41. Chapter 9. Lipid metabolism in fish and shellfish - p. 303 42. Abstract - p. 303 43. 9.1 Lipid anabolism - p. 303 44. 9.2 Lipid catabolism - p. 321 45. References - p. 332 46. Chapter 10. Metabolism of carbohydrates - p. 349 47. Abstract - p. 349 48. Abbreviations - p. 349 49. 10.1 Introduction - p. 349 50. 10.2 Factors affecting carbohydrate digestion and utilization - p. 350 51. 10.3 Glucose transporters - p. 355 52. 10.4 Glucose sensing mechanisms - p. 357 53. 10.5 Intermediary metabolism - p. 361 54. 10.6 Nutritional programming of carbohydrate metabolism in fish - p. 383 55. 10.7 Glucose homeostasis in fish and crustaceans - p. 386 56. 10.8 Hormonal regulation of glucose homeostasis - p. 389 57. 10.9 Concluding remarks - p. 393 58. References - p. 394 59. Chapter 11. Nutrition and metabolism of vitamins - p. 413 60. Abstract - p. 413 61. 11.1 Introduction - p. 413 62. 11.2 Classification - p. 413 63. 11.3 Complexities in vitamin supplementation in aquaculture species - p. 414 64. 11.4 Vitamins - p. 415 65. 11.5 Nutrient interaction - p. 463 66. 11.6 Concluding remarks - p. 469 67. References - p. 476 68. Chapter 12. Minerals - p. 493 69. Abstract - p. 493 70. 12.1 Introduction - p. 493 71. 12.2 Calcium - p. 493 72. 12.3 Phosphorus - p. 496 73. 12.4 Magnesium - p. 506 74. 12.5 Sodium - p. 513 75. 12.6 Potassium - p. 515 76. 12.7 Chlorine - p. 516 77. 12.8 Sulfur - p. 517 78. 12.9 Trace minerals - p. 519 79. 12.10 Iron - p. 519 80. 12.11 Zinc - p. 524 81. 12.12 Copper - p. 532 82. 12.13 Iodine - p. 534 83. 12.14 Selenium - p. 535 84. 12.15 Cobalt - p. 538 85. 12.16 Chromium - p. 539 86. 12.17 Silicon - p. 539 87. 12.18 Boron - p. 540 88. 12.19 Fluorine - p. 540 89. 12.20 Strontium - p. 541 90. References - p. 542 91. Chapter 13. Bioenergetics - p. 561 92. Abstract - p. 561 93. 13.1 Introduction - p. 561 94. 13.2 Energy budgets - p. 563 95. 13.3 Energy budget components - p. 565 96. 13.4 Energy and element budgets - p. 578 97. 13.5 Bioenergetics and nutrient requirements - p. 582 98. 13.6 Bioenergetic models - p. 584 99. 13.7 Other considerations - p. 586 100. 13.8 Summary, conclusions, and future trends - p. 587 101. Acknowledgments - p. 587 102. References - p. 588 103. Section 5: Muscle physiology - p. 595 104. Chapter 14. Nutritional regulation of myogenesis and muscle physiology - p. 597 105. Section 6: Digestive organs and functions - p. 623 106. Chapter 15. Fish digestive physiology - p. 625 107. Abstract - p. 625 108. 15.1 Introduction - p. 625 109. 15.2 Digestive organs and their roles - p. 626 110. 15.3 The digestive process - p. 631 111. 15.4 Regulation—neuronal and hormonal control of digestion - p. 651 112. 15.5 Factors affecting digestion - p. 658 113. 15.6 Ontogeny - p. 664 114. References - p. 672 115. Chapter 16. Digestive anatomy and physiology of shrimp - p. 691 116. Abstract - p. 691 117. 16.1 Introduction - p. 691 118. 16.2 External morphology of a generalized penaeid shrimp - p. 692 119. 16.3 The digestive tract of penaeid crustaceans - p. 694 120. 16.4 Control of the digestive function - p. 727 121. 16.5 Presumed role of the microbiota in digestion - p. 729 122. 16.6 Feed additives used for the improvement of the digestion and absorption of nutrients in shrimp - p. 729 123. References - p. 732 124. Chapter 17. Feeding, digestion and nutrition of marine bivalve suspension-feeders - a synopsis - p. 743 125. Abstract - p. 743 126. 17.1 Introduction - p. 743 127. 17.2 Particulate suspension-feeding - p. 744 128. 17.3 Digestive processes - p. 754 129. 17.4 Growth models - p. 760 130. 17.5 Genetic and hormonal control of feeding, digestion, and absorption - p. 762 131. 17.6 The microbiome - p. 763 132. 17.7 Natural foods - p. 767 133. 17.8 Cultured algal foods - p. 776 134. 17.9 Alternatives to living algal diets - p. 787 135. 17.10 Artificial formulated diets - p. 790 136. 17.11 Future challenges - p. 793 137. Acknowledgments - p. 794 138. References - p. 794 139. Chapter 18. Nutrition of Echinozoa - p. 813 140. Abstract - p. 813 141. 18.1 Introduction - p. 813 142. 18.2 Nutrition of sea cucumbers - p. 814 143. 18.3 Nutrition of sea urchins - p. 833 144. 18.4 Conclusion - p. 842 145. References - p. 843 146. Chapter 19. Nutrition and digestive physiology of lobsters and crabs - p. 853 147. Index - p. 879
Nutrition and Physiology of Fish and Shellfish: Feed Regulation, Metabolism and Digestion is a solid reference on the most recent advances and fundamental subjects in nutrient metabolism, intestinal transport and physiology of taste in fish. The book covers the known nutrient requirements and deficiency effects for different fish, along with information on the digestion and metabolism of nutrients and energy. It discusses nutrient sources and preparation of practical and research feeds and provides directions for conducting fish nutrition and feeding experiments. Other sections address current topics of interest to researchers and nutritionists in aquaculture research and the feed and allied industry.
Nutrition and Physiology of Fish and Shellfish: Feed Regulation, Metabolism and Digestion is written by an international group of experts and contains fresh approaches of both classical and modern concepts of animal nutrition. All chapters clearly provide the essential literature related to the principles of fish nutrition and physiology that will be useful for academic researchers, those working professionally in aquaculture industries, and for graduate level students and researchers.
Presents the most recent advances in the field over the last decade
Includes all nutritionally balanced, environmentally sound, and cost-effective feed for finfish and crustaceans
Provides comprehensive coverage related to nutrition and metabolism of finfish and crustaceans, from fundamental nutritional concepts to digestive physiology and nutrient requirements
1. 3.1 Introduction - p. 43 2. 3.2 Fish oil—the gold standard - p. 48 3. 3.3 Terrestrial plant-based sources of lipids - p. 50 4. 3.4 Terrestrial animal-based fats and oils - p. 61 5. 3.5 Novel sources of n-3 LC PUFA rich lipids - p. 67 6. References - p. 73 7. Chapter 4. Chemistry and sources of carbohydrates - p. 81 8. Abstract - p. 81 9. 4.1 What are carbohydrates? - p. 81 10. 4.2 Digestion of carbohydrates - p. 93 11. 4.3 Carbohydrate digestibility and optimum dietary levels - p. 100 12. 4.4 Feed processing of carbohydrates - p. 102 13. 4.5 Starch and non-starch polysaccharides content analyses - p. 110 14. References - p. 112 15. Section 3: Feed regulation - p. 123 16. Chapter 5. Regulation of food intake in teleost fish - p. 125 17. Abstract - p. 125 18. 5.1 Introduction - p. 125 19. 5.2 Teleost fish specific features conditioning food intake - p. 125 20. 5.3 Regulation of food intake in fish - p. 127 21. 5.4 Modulation of food intake regulation - p. 157 22. References - p. 161 23. Chapter 6. Gustatory system and implications for feeding in fish - p. 189 24. Abstract - p. 189 25. 6.1 Introduction - p. 189 26. 6.2 Morphoanatomical aspects - p. 190 27. 6.3 Physiological aspects - p. 194 28. 6.4 Taste-related implications for feeding - p. 211 29. 6.5 Concluding remarks - p. 234 30. References - p. 235 31. Section 4: Metabolism - p. 245 32. Chapter 7. Protein homeostasis - p. 247 33. Abstract - p. 247 34. 7.1 Introduction - p. 247 35. 7.2 Measuring protein homeostasis in fish and crustaceans; classic and molecular approaches - p. 253 36. 7.3 Effect of nutrition on protein homeostasis in fish and crustaceans - p. 256 37. 7.4 Effect of environmental factors on protein homeostasis - p. 261 38. 7.5 Conclusion and future directions - p. 274 39. References - p. 277 40. Chapter 8. Metabolism of protein: metabolic transformation of dietary amino acids in fishes and shrimp - p. 287 41. Chapter 9. Lipid metabolism in fish and shellfish - p. 303 42. Abstract - p. 303 43. 9.1 Lipid anabolism - p. 303 44. 9.2 Lipid catabolism - p. 321 45. References - p. 332 46. Chapter 10. Metabolism of carbohydrates - p. 349 47. Abstract - p. 349 48. Abbreviations - p. 349 49. 10.1 Introduction - p. 349 50. 10.2 Factors affecting carbohydrate digestion and utilization - p. 350 51. 10.3 Glucose transporters - p. 355 52. 10.4 Glucose sensing mechanisms - p. 357 53. 10.5 Intermediary metabolism - p. 361 54. 10.6 Nutritional programming of carbohydrate metabolism in fish - p. 383 55. 10.7 Glucose homeostasis in fish and crustaceans - p. 386 56. 10.8 Hormonal regulation of glucose homeostasis - p. 389 57. 10.9 Concluding remarks - p. 393 58. References - p. 394 59. Chapter 11. Nutrition and metabolism of vitamins - p. 413 60. Abstract - p. 413 61. 11.1 Introduction - p. 413 62. 11.2 Classification - p. 413 63. 11.3 Complexities in vitamin supplementation in aquaculture species - p. 414 64. 11.4 Vitamins - p. 415 65. 11.5 Nutrient interaction - p. 463 66. 11.6 Concluding remarks - p. 469 67. References - p. 476 68. Chapter 12. Minerals - p. 493 69. Abstract - p. 493 70. 12.1 Introduction - p. 493 71. 12.2 Calcium - p. 493 72. 12.3 Phosphorus - p. 496 73. 12.4 Magnesium - p. 506 74. 12.5 Sodium - p. 513 75. 12.6 Potassium - p. 515 76. 12.7 Chlorine - p. 516 77. 12.8 Sulfur - p. 517 78. 12.9 Trace minerals - p. 519 79. 12.10 Iron - p. 519 80. 12.11 Zinc - p. 524 81. 12.12 Copper - p. 532 82. 12.13 Iodine - p. 534 83. 12.14 Selenium - p. 535 84. 12.15 Cobalt - p. 538 85. 12.16 Chromium - p. 539 86. 12.17 Silicon - p. 539 87. 12.18 Boron - p. 540 88. 12.19 Fluorine - p. 540 89. 12.20 Strontium - p. 541 90. References - p. 542 91. Chapter 13. Bioenergetics - p. 561 92. Abstract - p. 561 93. 13.1 Introduction - p. 561 94. 13.2 Energy budgets - p. 563 95. 13.3 Energy budget components - p. 565 96. 13.4 Energy and element budgets - p. 578 97. 13.5 Bioenergetics and nutrient requirements - p. 582 98. 13.6 Bioenergetic models - p. 584 99. 13.7 Other considerations - p. 586 100. 13.8 Summary, conclusions, and future trends - p. 587 101. Acknowledgments - p. 587 102. References - p. 588 103. Section 5: Muscle physiology - p. 595 104. Chapter 14. Nutritional regulation of myogenesis and muscle physiology - p. 597 105. Section 6: Digestive organs and functions - p. 623 106. Chapter 15. Fish digestive physiology - p. 625 107. Abstract - p. 625 108. 15.1 Introduction - p. 625 109. 15.2 Digestive organs and their roles - p. 626 110. 15.3 The digestive process - p. 631 111. 15.4 Regulation—neuronal and hormonal control of digestion - p. 651 112. 15.5 Factors affecting digestion - p. 658 113. 15.6 Ontogeny - p. 664 114. References - p. 672 115. Chapter 16. Digestive anatomy and physiology of shrimp - p. 691 116. Abstract - p. 691 117. 16.1 Introduction - p. 691 118. 16.2 External morphology of a generalized penaeid shrimp - p. 692 119. 16.3 The digestive tract of penaeid crustaceans - p. 694 120. 16.4 Control of the digestive function - p. 727 121. 16.5 Presumed role of the microbiota in digestion - p. 729 122. 16.6 Feed additives used for the improvement of the digestion and absorption of nutrients in shrimp - p. 729 123. References - p. 732 124. Chapter 17. Feeding, digestion and nutrition of marine bivalve suspension-feeders - a synopsis - p. 743 125. Abstract - p. 743 126. 17.1 Introduction - p. 743 127. 17.2 Particulate suspension-feeding - p. 744 128. 17.3 Digestive processes - p. 754 129. 17.4 Growth models - p. 760 130. 17.5 Genetic and hormonal control of feeding, digestion, and absorption - p. 762 131. 17.6 The microbiome - p. 763 132. 17.7 Natural foods - p. 767 133. 17.8 Cultured algal foods - p. 776 134. 17.9 Alternatives to living algal diets - p. 787 135. 17.10 Artificial formulated diets - p. 790 136. 17.11 Future challenges - p. 793 137. Acknowledgments - p. 794 138. References - p. 794 139. Chapter 18. Nutrition of Echinozoa - p. 813 140. Abstract - p. 813 141. 18.1 Introduction - p. 813 142. 18.2 Nutrition of sea cucumbers - p. 814 143. 18.3 Nutrition of sea urchins - p. 833 144. 18.4 Conclusion - p. 842 145. References - p. 843 146. Chapter 19. Nutrition and digestive physiology of lobsters and crabs - p. 853 147. Index - p. 879
