Oh's Intensive Care Manual

1. Introduction - p. 1 2. 1 Design and organisation of intensive care units - p. 3 3. 2 Critical care outreach and rapid response systems - p. 11 4. 3 Severity scoring and outcome prediction - p. 19 5. 4 Transport of critically ill patients - p. 34 6. 5 Physiotherapy in intensive care - p. 45 7. 6 Critical care nursing - p. 58 8. 7 Ethics in intensive care - p. 66 9. 8 Common problems after intensive care unit - p. 69 10. 9 Clinical information systems - p. 76 11. 10 Trials - p. 82 12. 11 Palliative care - p. 93 13. 12 Intensive care and the elderly - p. 98 14. 13 Team-based health care delivery - p. 108 15. 14 Genetics and sepsis - p. 118 16. Part Two Shock - p. 124.e2 17. Introduction - p. 125 18. 15 Overview of shock - p. 127 19. 16 Haemodynamic monitoring - p. 134 20. 17 Multiorgan dysfunction syndrome - p. 151 21. 18 Monitoring oxygenation - p. 160 22. 19 Hyperlactataemia in critical illness - p. 171 23. Part Three Acute Coronary Care - p. 177.e4 24. Introduction - p. 179 25. 20 Acute cardiac syndromes, investigations and interventions - p. 181 26. 21 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (including defibrillation) - p. 204 27. 22 Cardiac arrhythmias (combine with drugs) - p. 214 28. Cardiac Electrophysiology - p. 215 29. Genetic Basis to Arrhythmia - p. 216 30. Molecular Basis to Arrhythmia - p. 216 31. Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms– - p. 218 32. Management of the Patient With a Cardiac Arrhythmia - p. 224 33. Management of Specific Arrhythmias - p. 225 34. Myocardial Infarction and Arrhythmia - p. 255 35. Cardiothoracic Surgery and Arrhythmia - p. 257 36. Long-QT Syndrome, - p. 259 37. Sudden Cardiac Death - p. 262 38. Classification of Antiarrhythmic Drugs - p. 264 39. Antiarrhythmic Drugs - p. 264 40. Direct Current Cardioversion - p. 275 41. References - p. 277.e1 42. 23 Cardiac pacing - p. 278 43. 24 Acute heart failure and pulmonary hypertension - p. 290 44. 25 Valvular and congenital heart disease and infective endocarditis - p. 311 45. 26 Postoperative cardiac intensive care - p. 328 46. 27 Echocardiography in intensive care - p. 340 47. Part Four Respiratory Failure - p. 356 48. Introduction - p. 357 49. 28 Oxygen therapy - p. 359 50. 29 Airway management and acute airway obstruction - p. 373 51. 30 Acute respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - p. 388 52. 31 Mechanical ventilator support - p. 402 53. 32 Humidifiers and inhalation therapy - p. 414 54. 33 Acute respiratory distress syndrome - p. 428 55. 34 Pulmonary embolism - p. 439 56. 35 Acute severe asthma - p. 449 57. 36 Pneumonia - p. 467 58. 37 Non-invasive ventilation - p. 483 59. 38 Respiratory monitoring - p. 492 60. 39 Chest imaging - p. 502 61. 40 Ultrasound in the intensive care unit - p. 519 62. 41 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation - p. 533 63. Part Five Gastroenterological Emergencies - p. 548 64. Introduction - p. 549 65. 42 Acute gastrointestinal bleeding - p. 551 66. 43 Acute pancreatitis - p. 565 67. 44 Liver failure - p. 573 68. 45 Abdominal surgical catastrophes - p. 594 69. 46 Implications of solid tumours for intensive care - p. 601 70. Part Six Acute Renal Failure - p. 608 71. Introduction - p. 609 72. 47 Acute kidney injury - p. 611 73. 48 Renal replacement therapy - p. 617 74. Part Seven Neurological Disorders - p. 625 75. Introduction - p. 627 76. 49 Disorders of consciousness - p. 629 77. 50 Status epilepticus - p. 643 78. 51 Acute cerebrovascular complications - p. 651 79. 52 Cerebral protection - p. 663 80. 53 Brain death - p. 673 81. 54 Meningitis and encephalomyelitis - p. 681 82. 55 Tetanus - p. 692 83. 56 Delirium - p. 697 84. 57 Intensive care unit-acquired weakness - p. 706 85. 58 Neuromuscular disorders - p. 721 86. Part Eight Endocrine Disorders - p. 730.e2 87. Introduction - p. 731 88. 59 Diabetic emergencies - p. 733 89. 60 Diabetes insipidus and other polyuric syndromes - p. 740 90. 61 Thyroid emergencies - p. 757 91. 62 Adrenocortical insufficiency in critical illness - p. 767 92. 63 Acute calcium disorders - p. 775 93. Part Nine Obstetric Emergencies - p. 784 94. Introduction - p. 785 95. 64 Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia - p. 787 96. 65 Obstetric emergencies - p. 794 97. 66 Severe cardiac disease in pregnancy - p. 803 98. Part Ten Infections and Immune Disorders - p. 807 99. Introduction - p. 809 100. 67 Anaphylaxis - p. 811 101. 68 Host defence and immunodeficiency - p. 823 102. 69 Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome - p. 830 103. 70 Sepsis and septic shock - p. 836 104. 71 Nosocomial infections - p. 849 105. 72 Severe soft-tissue infections - p. 858 106. 73 Fungal infection - p. 866 107. 74 Principles of antibiotic use in the ICU - p. 877 108. 75 Tropical diseases - p. 883 109. Part Eleven Severe and Multiple Trauma - p. 894 110. Introduction - p. 895 111. 76 Severe and multiple injuries - p. 897 112. 77 Severe head injuries - p. 905 113. 78 Maxillofacial and upper-airway injuries - p. 919 114. 79 Chest injuries - p. 927 115. 80 Spinal injuries - p. 939 116. 81 Abdominal and pelvic injuries - p. 954 117. Part Twelve Environmental Injuries - p. 963 118. Introduction - p. 965 119. 82 Submersion - p. 967 120. 83 Burns - p. 971 121. 84 Thermal disorders - p. 978 122. 85 Electrical safety and injuries - p. 999 123. 86 Envenomation - p. 1006 124. 87 Blast and ballistic trauma - p. 1019 125. 88 Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear exposure management - p. 1032 126. Part Thirteen Pharmacologic Considerations - p. 1040 127. Introduction - p. 1041 128. 89 Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and drug monitoring in acute illness - p. 1043 129. 90 Poisoning and drug intoxication - p. 1053 130. 91 Sedation and pain management in intensive care - p. 1066 131. 92 Inotropes and vasopressors - p. 1075 132. 93 Vasodilators and antihypertensives - p. 1087 133. Part Fourteen Metabolic Homeostasis - p. 1101 134. Introduction - p. 1103 135. 94 Acid–base balance and disorders - p. 1105 136. 95 Fluid and electrolyte therapy - p. 1118 137. 96 Enteral and parenteral nutrition - p. 1129 138. Part Fifteen Haematological Management - p. 1141 139. Introduction - p. 1143 140. 97 Blood transfusion and patient blood management - p. 1145 141. 98 Colloids and blood products - p. 1159 142. 99 Plasmapheresis, therapeutic plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy - p. 1165 143. 100 Haemostatic failure - p. 1175 144. 101 Haematological malignancy - p. 1189 145. Part Sixteen Organ Donation and Transplantation - p. 1201 146. Introduction - p. 1203 147. 102 Organ donation - p. 1205 148. 103 Liver transplantation - p. 1215 149. 104a Heart transplantation - p. 1232 150. 104b Lung transplantation - p. 1244 151. Part Seventeen Paediatric Intensive Care - p. 1255 152. Introduction - p. 1257 153. 105 The critically ill child - p. 1259 154. 106 Upper airway obstruction in children - p. 1266 155. 107 Acute respiratory distress in children - p. 1274 156. 108 Paediatric fluid and electrolyte therapy - p. 1289 157. 109 Sedation and analgesia in children - p. 1301 158. 110 Shock and cardiac disease in children - p. 1308 159. 111 Neurological emergencies in children - p. 1322 160. 112 Paediatric trauma - p. 1336 161. 113 Treatment limitation and organ procurement - p. 1343 162. 114 Paediatric poisoning and envenomation - p. 1354 163. 115 Paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation - p. 1365 164. Appendix I Respiratory physiology symbols and normal values - p. 1375 165. Appendix II Physiological equations - p. 1378 166. Appendix III Mortality/dysfunction risk scores and models - p. 1381 167. Index - p. 1387