The growing area of peptide and protein therapeutics research is of paramount importance to medical application and advancement. A needed reference for entry level researchers and researchers working in interdisciplinary / collaborative projects, Peptide and Protein Delivery addresses the current and emerging routes for delivery of therapeutics. Covering cerebral delivery, pulmonary delivery, transdermal delivery, intestinal delivery, ocular delivery, parenteral delivery, and nasal delivery, this resource offers an overview of the main routes in therapeutics. Researchers across biochemistry, pharmaceutical, molecular biology, cell biology, immunology, chemistry and biotechnology fields will find this publication invaluable for peptide and protein laboratory research.
1. 1.1. Introduction 2. 1.2. Current Formulation Development 3. 1.3. Case Studies of Delivery Approaches: Cyclosporine A and Insulin 4. 1.4. Controlled Delivery 5. 1.5. Future Trends 6. 1.6. Toxicity Profiles 7. 1.7. Regulatory Matters 8. 1.8. Commercialization Considerations 9. Chapter 2. Pulmonary Delivery of Peptides and Proteins 10. 2.1. Introduction 11. 2.2. Clinical Applications of Pulmonary Protein Delivery 12. 2.3. Stability of Proteins and Peptides in Pulmonary Delivery Formulations 13. 2.4. Types of Pulmonary Delivery Formulations 14. 2.5. Packaging and Storage 15. 2.6. Conclusions 16. Chapter 3. Nasal Delivery of Peptides and Proteins with Chitosan and Related Mucoadhesive Polymers 17. 3.1. Introduction 18. 3.2. Physiological Obstacles to Nasal Absorption 19. 3.3. Mechanisms of Mucoadhesion 20. 3.4. Mucoadhesive Polymers and Nasal Application 21. 3.5. Thermal and pH Sensitive Polymers 22. 3.6. Characterization and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Polymers 23. 3.7. Nasal (Ciliary) Toxicity 24. 3.8. Nose to Brain Pathway: Future Considerations 25. Chapter 4. Transdermal Delivery of Peptides and Proteins 26. 4.1. Introduction 27. 4.2. Skin Structure 28. 4.3. Rationale and Challenges for Transdermal Delivery of Peptides and Proteins 29. 4.4. Techniques Enabling Transdermal Delivery of Peptides and Proteins 30. 4.5. Conclusions 31. Chapter 5. Ocular Delivery of Peptides and Proteins 32. 5.1. Introduction 33. 5.2. The Physiology of the Eye and Challenges to the Delivery of Biomacromolecules 34. 5.3. Considerations and Opportunities for Protein/Peptide Ocular Delivery 35. 5.4. Peptide Transport Systems in the Eye 36. 5.5. Strategies for the Ocular Delivery of Proteins and Peptides 37. 5.6. Future Perspectives 38. Chapter 6. Brain Delivery of Peptides and Proteins 39. 6.1. Introduction 40. 6.2. Peptides as Drugs for the Treatment of CNS Related Disorders 41. 6.3. Transport of Protein and Peptide Drugs to the Brain 42. 6.4. Strategies to Enhance the Delivery of Protein/Peptide to the CNS 43. 6.5. Conclusion 44. Chapter 7. Chemically Modified Polyelectrolytes for Intestinal Peptide and Protein Delivery 45. 7.1. Introduction 46. 7.2. Characterization of Polyelectrolyte–Protein Complexes 47. 7.3. Types of Chemically Modified Polyelectrolytes for Protein and Peptide Delivery 48. 7.4. Conclusion 49. Chapter 8. Nanoparticle Mediated Oral Delivery of Peptides and Proteins 50. 8.1. Introduction 51. 8.2. Biological Barriers in Oral Peptide/Protein Delivery 52. 8.3. Approaches for Oral Peptide/Protein Delivery 53. 8.4. Nanoparticle Based Approaches 54. 8.5. Stability and Evaluation 55. 8.6. Oral Delivery of Nanoparticles: Further Considerations 56. 8.7. Bioavailability 57. 8.8. Biocompatibility and Toxicity Issues 58. 8.9. Conclusions 59. Chapter 9. Modulation of the Intestinal Tight Junctions Using Bacterial Enterotoxins 60. 9.1. Introduction 61. 9.2. Tight Junction Composition 62. 9.3. Signaling Pathways Regulating tj Functions 63. 9.4. Tight Junction Modulators 64. 9.5. Future Perspectives 65. Chapter 10. Peptide and Protein Delivery with Cell-penetrating Peptides 66. 10.1. Introduction 67. 10.2. The Diverse Family of CPPs 68. 10.3. Delivery of Cargoes into Cells 69. 10.4. Penetration Versus Endocytosis 70. 10.5. After Endocytic Entry 71. 10.6. Moving to In Vivo Systems 72. 10.7. Conclusions and Future Aspects 73. Chapter 11. Peptide and Protein Bioconjugation 74. 11.1. Introduction: Why Bioconjugation of Peptides and Proteins? 75. 11.2. In Vivo Behavior of PEGylated Proteins 76. 11.3. From Random to Site-Selective PEGylation 77. 11.4. Restoring Pharmacodynamic Properties by Reversible PEGylation 78. 11.5. Growing-from PEGylation 79. 11.6. Stimuli Responsive Polymers 80. 11.7. PEGylated Pharmaceuticals on the Market 81. Chapter 12. Peptide and Protein Application in Tissue Repair and Regeneration 82. 12.1. Introduction: Medical Devices 83. 12.2. Periodontal Defects 84. 12.3. Bone Regeneration 85. 12.4. Surgical Procedures 86. 12.5. Human Medicines Approved or Under Development 87. 12.6. Future Outlook 88. Chapter 13. Product Quality During Manufacture and Supply 89. 13.1. Adverse Events Caused by the Loss of Product Quality 90. 13.2. Types of Product Quality Loss 91. 13.3. Parameters Critical to Product Quality 92. 13.4. Regulating Product Quality 93. 13.5. Bioprocess Design Considerations 94. 13.6. Conclusion 95. Glossary 96. Appendix 1. Calculated Properties of Some Clinically Relevant Peptides and Proteins 97. Appendix 2. Commonly Encountered Units and Abbreviations 98. Index
The growing area of peptide and protein therapeutics research is of paramount importance to medical application and advancement. A needed reference for entry level researchers and researchers working in interdisciplinary / collaborative projects, Peptide and Protein Delivery addresses the current and emerging routes for delivery of therapeutics. Covering cerebral delivery, pulmonary delivery, transdermal delivery, intestinal delivery, ocular delivery, parenteral delivery, and nasal delivery, this resource offers an overview of the main routes in therapeutics. Researchers across biochemistry, pharmaceutical, molecular biology, cell biology, immunology, chemistry and biotechnology fields will find this publication invaluable for peptide and protein laboratory research.
1. 1.1. Introduction 2. 1.2. Current Formulation Development 3. 1.3. Case Studies of Delivery Approaches: Cyclosporine A and Insulin 4. 1.4. Controlled Delivery 5. 1.5. Future Trends 6. 1.6. Toxicity Profiles 7. 1.7. Regulatory Matters 8. 1.8. Commercialization Considerations 9. Chapter 2. Pulmonary Delivery of Peptides and Proteins 10. 2.1. Introduction 11. 2.2. Clinical Applications of Pulmonary Protein Delivery 12. 2.3. Stability of Proteins and Peptides in Pulmonary Delivery Formulations 13. 2.4. Types of Pulmonary Delivery Formulations 14. 2.5. Packaging and Storage 15. 2.6. Conclusions 16. Chapter 3. Nasal Delivery of Peptides and Proteins with Chitosan and Related Mucoadhesive Polymers 17. 3.1. Introduction 18. 3.2. Physiological Obstacles to Nasal Absorption 19. 3.3. Mechanisms of Mucoadhesion 20. 3.4. Mucoadhesive Polymers and Nasal Application 21. 3.5. Thermal and pH Sensitive Polymers 22. 3.6. Characterization and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Polymers 23. 3.7. Nasal (Ciliary) Toxicity 24. 3.8. Nose to Brain Pathway: Future Considerations 25. Chapter 4. Transdermal Delivery of Peptides and Proteins 26. 4.1. Introduction 27. 4.2. Skin Structure 28. 4.3. Rationale and Challenges for Transdermal Delivery of Peptides and Proteins 29. 4.4. Techniques Enabling Transdermal Delivery of Peptides and Proteins 30. 4.5. Conclusions 31. Chapter 5. Ocular Delivery of Peptides and Proteins 32. 5.1. Introduction 33. 5.2. The Physiology of the Eye and Challenges to the Delivery of Biomacromolecules 34. 5.3. Considerations and Opportunities for Protein/Peptide Ocular Delivery 35. 5.4. Peptide Transport Systems in the Eye 36. 5.5. Strategies for the Ocular Delivery of Proteins and Peptides 37. 5.6. Future Perspectives 38. Chapter 6. Brain Delivery of Peptides and Proteins 39. 6.1. Introduction 40. 6.2. Peptides as Drugs for the Treatment of CNS Related Disorders 41. 6.3. Transport of Protein and Peptide Drugs to the Brain 42. 6.4. Strategies to Enhance the Delivery of Protein/Peptide to the CNS 43. 6.5. Conclusion 44. Chapter 7. Chemically Modified Polyelectrolytes for Intestinal Peptide and Protein Delivery 45. 7.1. Introduction 46. 7.2. Characterization of Polyelectrolyte–Protein Complexes 47. 7.3. Types of Chemically Modified Polyelectrolytes for Protein and Peptide Delivery 48. 7.4. Conclusion 49. Chapter 8. Nanoparticle Mediated Oral Delivery of Peptides and Proteins 50. 8.1. Introduction 51. 8.2. Biological Barriers in Oral Peptide/Protein Delivery 52. 8.3. Approaches for Oral Peptide/Protein Delivery 53. 8.4. Nanoparticle Based Approaches 54. 8.5. Stability and Evaluation 55. 8.6. Oral Delivery of Nanoparticles: Further Considerations 56. 8.7. Bioavailability 57. 8.8. Biocompatibility and Toxicity Issues 58. 8.9. Conclusions 59. Chapter 9. Modulation of the Intestinal Tight Junctions Using Bacterial Enterotoxins 60. 9.1. Introduction 61. 9.2. Tight Junction Composition 62. 9.3. Signaling Pathways Regulating tj Functions 63. 9.4. Tight Junction Modulators 64. 9.5. Future Perspectives 65. Chapter 10. Peptide and Protein Delivery with Cell-penetrating Peptides 66. 10.1. Introduction 67. 10.2. The Diverse Family of CPPs 68. 10.3. Delivery of Cargoes into Cells 69. 10.4. Penetration Versus Endocytosis 70. 10.5. After Endocytic Entry 71. 10.6. Moving to In Vivo Systems 72. 10.7. Conclusions and Future Aspects 73. Chapter 11. Peptide and Protein Bioconjugation 74. 11.1. Introduction: Why Bioconjugation of Peptides and Proteins? 75. 11.2. In Vivo Behavior of PEGylated Proteins 76. 11.3. From Random to Site-Selective PEGylation 77. 11.4. Restoring Pharmacodynamic Properties by Reversible PEGylation 78. 11.5. Growing-from PEGylation 79. 11.6. Stimuli Responsive Polymers 80. 11.7. PEGylated Pharmaceuticals on the Market 81. Chapter 12. Peptide and Protein Application in Tissue Repair and Regeneration 82. 12.1. Introduction: Medical Devices 83. 12.2. Periodontal Defects 84. 12.3. Bone Regeneration 85. 12.4. Surgical Procedures 86. 12.5. Human Medicines Approved or Under Development 87. 12.6. Future Outlook 88. Chapter 13. Product Quality During Manufacture and Supply 89. 13.1. Adverse Events Caused by the Loss of Product Quality 90. 13.2. Types of Product Quality Loss 91. 13.3. Parameters Critical to Product Quality 92. 13.4. Regulating Product Quality 93. 13.5. Bioprocess Design Considerations 94. 13.6. Conclusion 95. Glossary 96. Appendix 1. Calculated Properties of Some Clinically Relevant Peptides and Proteins 97. Appendix 2. Commonly Encountered Units and Abbreviations 98. Index
