Pharmacoepigenetics, Second Edition, a volume within the Translational Epigenetics series, is a comprehensive reference on the role of epigenetics and epigenomics in drug discovery and development, providing a detailed, but accessible view of the field, from basic principles to applications in disease therapeutics. Leading international researchers from across academia, clinical settings, and the pharmaceutical industry discuss the influence of epigenetics and epigenomics in human pathology, epigenetic biomarkers for disease prediction, diagnosis, and treatment, current epigenetic drugs, and the application of epigenetic procedures in drug development. Throughout the book, chapter authors offer a balanced and objective discussion of the future of pharmacoepigenetics and its crucial contribution to the growth of precision and personalized medicine.The new edition has been fully revised to address recent advances in epigenetics, from new natural and synthetic compounds with epigenetic effects to the role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of a growing number of complex diseases, including further cancers, cardiovascular disorders, and brain disorders. Newly identified molecular components in the functional architecture of the epigenetic machinery, as well as practical and relevant pharmacoepigenetics topics related to COVID-19 and other world health challenges, are also discussed. Each chapter has been updated to include a chapter summary, keywords and definitions, and further color figure and charts for learning reinforcement, along with clinical research case studies illustrating key research in the field and making findings and research approaches more actionable for readers.
1. 1.1 Introduction - p. 2 2. 1.2 The epigenetic machinery - p. 3 3. 1.3 Epitranscriptomics - p. 52 4. 1.4 Other operational elements of the epigenetic machinery - p. 55 5. 1.5 Singular epigenetic phenomena - p. 82 6. 1.6 Extracellular vesicles - p. 95 7. 1.7 Epigenetic editing with CRISPR - p. 95 8. 1.8 Chromatinopathies and epigenetic Mendelian disorders - p. 96 9. 1.9 Pharmacoepigenetics network - p. 97 10. References - p. 98 11. Chapter 2. Pharmacoepigenetic processors - p. 118 12. Chapter 3. Epigenetic regulation of drug metabolism - p. 189 13. Chapter 4. Epigenetic regulation of drug metabolism and transport by long noncoding RNAs - p. 205 14. Section II: Drug development and drug-related events - p. 214 15. Chapter 5. Epigenetic drugs - p. 215 16. Abstract - p. 215 17. 5.1 Introduction - p. 215 18. 5.2 Classification of epigenetic drugs - p. 216 19. 5.3 DNA methyltransferase inhibitors - p. 240 20. 5.4 Histone deacetylase inhibitors - p. 257 21. 5.5 Histone acetyltransferase inhibitors - p. 326 22. 5.6 Histone methyltransferase inhibitors - p. 336 23. 5.7 Histone demethylase inhibitors - p. 364 24. 5.8 Bromodomain inhibitors - p. 386 25. 5.9 Novel epigenetic drugs - p. 426 26. 5.10 PROTACs - p. 455 27. 5.11 Dual epigenetic drugs - p. 456 28. 5.12 Natural products - p. 460 29. 5.13 ncRNAs - p. 511 30. 5.14 Nuclei acids therapeutics - p. 519 31. 5.15 Combination therapies - p. 523 32. 5.16 Drug repurposing/repositioning - p. 526 33. 5.17 Drug-induced pharmacoepigenetic effects - p. 528 34. 5.18 CRISPR-related personalized therapy - p. 545 35. 5.19 Effects of epigenetic drugs on germ cells - p. 548 36. 5.20 Chemoresistance - p. 549 37. 5.21 Pharmacogenetics of epigenetic drugs - p. 558 38. 5.22 Conclusions - p. 566 39. References - p. 566 40. Chapter 6. Animal models in epigenetic research - p. 625 41. Chapter 7. Pharmacoepigenetics of novel nucleoside DNA methyltransferase inhibitors - p. 646 42. Chapter 8. Bromodomain inhibition and its application to human disease - p. 660 43. Chapter 9. Pharmacological nicotinamide: mechanisms centered around the activities of SIRT1 and other sirtuin proteins - p. 677 44. Chapter 10. Epigenetic-related drug resistance - p. 699 45. Section III: Pharmacoepigenetics of cancer - p. 758 46. Chapter 11. Epigenetic regulation of drug transporters in cancer - p. 759 47. Chapter 12. Epigenetic drug discovery for cancer - p. 779 48. Chapter 13. Epigenetic drugs for cancer - p. 787 49. Chapter 14. Pharmacoepigenetics of histone deacetylase inhibitors in cancer - p. 797 50. Chapter 15. Epigenetic effects of AntiGan in cancer - p. 821 51. Chapter 16. Pharmacoepigenetic considerations for the treatment of breast cancer - p. 844 52. Chapter 17. Therapeutic potential of pharmacoepigenetics in cholangiocarcinoma - p. 856 53. Chapter 18. Pharmacoepigenetics of Chinese herbal components in cancer - p. 867 54. Section IV: Pharmacoepigenetics of cardiovascular disease and related disorders - p. 877 55. Chapter 19. Epigenetics and pharmacoepigenetics of cardiovascular disorders - p. 878 56. Chapter 20. Functional implications of epigenetics in cardiovascular disease - p. 890 57. Chapter 21. Role of DNA methylation in cardiovascular disease - p. 903 58. Chapter 22. Epigenetics in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity - p. 919 59. Chapter 23. Pathoepigenetics of vascular disorders - p. 929 60. Abstract - p. 929 61. 23.1 Introduction - p. 929 62. 23.2 Atherosclerosis - p. 930 63. 23.3 Cardiovascular disorders - p. 938 64. 23.4 Cerebrovascular disorders - p. 976 65. 23.5 Arteriovenous malformations - p. 988 66. 23.6 Venous thromboembolism - p. 988 67. 23.7 Migraine - p. 989 68. 23.8 Hypertension - p. 992 69. 23.9 Conclusions - p. 1019 70. References - p. 1020 71. Section V: Pharmacoepigenetics of central nervous system disorders - p. 1a 72. Chapter 24. The epigenetic constellation of neurodevelopment disorders - p. 2a 73. Abstract - p. 2a 74. 24.1 Introduction - p. 2a 75. 24.2 Brain development - p. 11a 76. 24.3 Memory and learning - p. 29a 77. 24.4 Stressful events - p. 32a 78. 24.5 Behavior - p. 38a 79. 24.6 Transgenerational inheritance - p. 39a 80. 24.7 Neurodevelopmental disorders - p. 43a 81. 24.8 Novel viral neuroinfections - p. 104a 82. 24.9 Pharmacoepigenetic treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders - p. 105a 83. References - p. 106a 84. Chapter 25. Pharmacoepigenetics and toxicoepigenetics in neurodevelopmental disorders - p. 127a 85. Epigenetics and the role of KMT2E in schizophrenia: pathways for personalized treatment - p. 140a 86. Chapter 27. Pharmacoepigenetics of autism spectrum disorder - p. 149a 87. Chapter 28. Pharmacoepigenetics of mood disorders - p. 166a 88. Chapter 29. Pharmacoepigenetics of bipolar disorder - p. 185a 89. Chapter 30. Pharmacoepigenetics of major depression - p. 195a 90. Chapter 31. Pharmacoepigenetics of epilepsy - p. 205a 91. Chapter 32. Pharmacoepigenetics of vertigo and related vestibular syndromes - p. 257a 92. Chapter 33. Pharmacoepigenetics of sensorineural hearing loss - p. 277a 93. Chapter 34. Epigenetics and pharmacoepigenetics of neuropsychiatric disorders - p. 304a 94. Abstract - p. 304a 95. 34.1 Introduction - p. 304a 96. 34.2 Neuropsychopharmacology and the epigenetic conundrum in central nervous system disorders - p. 306a 97. 34.3 Mood disorders - p. 307a 98. 34.4 Bipolar disorder - p. 326a 99. 34.5 Anxiety disorders - p. 327a 100. 34.6 Stress - p. 339a 101. 34.7 Post-traumatic stress disorder - p. 342a 102. 34.8 Psychosis and schizophrenia - p. 344a 103. 34.9 Obsessive-compulsive disorder - p. 357a 104. 34.10 Personality disorders - p. 357a 105. 34.11 Substance use disorders - p. 358a 106. 34.12 Chronic pain - p. 363a 107. 34.13 Neuropathic pain - p. 363a 108. 34.14 Eating disorders - p. 365a 109. 34.15 Sleep disorders - p. 366a 110. 34.16 Epilepsy - p. 368a 111. 34.17 Brain and musculoskeletal trauma - p. 370a 112. 34.18 Post-operative delirium - p. 370a 113. 34.19 Conversion disorder - p. 370a 114. 34.20 Restless legs syndrome - p. 371a 115. 34.21 Chronic fatigue syndrome - p. 371a 116. 34.22 Transgenerational inheritance of behavior - p. 372a 117. 34.23 Conclusions - p. 373a 118. References - p. 373a 119. Chapter 35. Epigenetics and pharmacoepigenetics of age-related neurodegenerative disorders - p. 385a 120. Abstract - p. 385a 121. 35.1 Introduction - p. 385a 122. 35.2 Epigenetic mechanisms of aging - p. 386a 123. 35.3 Brain aging - p. 391a 124. 35.4 Progeroid syndromes - p. 391a 125. 35.5 Alzheimer’s disease - p. 393a 126. 35.6 Other forms of dementia - p. 421a 127. 35.7 Parkinson’s disease - p. 429a 128. 35.8 Multiple sclerosis - p. 445a 129. 35.9 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - p. 448a 130. 35.10 Polyglutamine disorders - p. 452a 131. 35.11 Other age-related degenerative disorders - p. 456a 132. 35.12 Conclusions - p. 458a 133. References - p. 458a 134. Chapter 36. Epigenetic effects of Nosustrophine in Alzheimer’s disease - p. 477a 135. Chapter 37. Epigenetic effects of AtreMorine in Parkinson’s disease - p. 500a 136. Chapter 38. Pharmacoepigenetics of memantine in dementia and related considerations in SARS-CoV-2 virulence - p. 533a 137. Chapter 39. Pharmacoepigenetics of cannabis and cannabinoids - p. 547a 138. Chapter 40. Pathoepigenetics of brain tumors and prevalent neoplasms - p. 558a 139. Abstract - p. 558a 140. 40.1 Introduction - p. 558a 141. 40.2 Brain tumors - p. 573a 142. 40.3 Breast cancer - p. 621a 143. 40.4 Lung cancer - p. 626a 144. 40.5 Colorectal cancer - p. 632a 145. 40.6 Prostate cancer - p. 636a 146. 40.7 Hepatocellular carcinoma - p. 639a 147. 40.8 Pancreatic cancer - p. 642a 148. 40.9 Hematological malignancies - p. 643a 149. 40.10 Other modalities of cancer - p. 645a 150. 40.11 Pharmacoepigenetic targets of cancer - p. 663a 151. 40.12 Conclusions - p. 671a 152. References - p. 672a 153. Section VI: Pharmacoepigenetics of immunological and metabolic disorders - p. 694a 154. Chapter 41. Binomial pathoepigenetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity - p. 695a 155. Chapter 42. Epigenetics and pharmacoepigenetics of rheumatic disorders - p. 717a 156. Chapter 43. Pharmacogenetics in psoriasis - p. 728a 157. Chapter 44. Pharmacoepigenetics of systemic lupus erythematosus - p. 751a 158. Section VII: Nutritional epigenetics - p. 765a 159. Chapter 45. Nutriepigenetics - p. 766a 160. Section VIII: Epigenetics and pharmacoepigenetics of infectious disorders - p. 804a 161. Chapter 46. Epigenetics and pharmacoepigenetics of bacterial infections - p. 805a 162. Chapter 47. Impact of virus proteins and role of small compound medication against COVID-19 in remodeling the host epigenome - p. 822a 163. Section IX: Toxicoepigenetics - p. 836a 164. Chapter 48. Toxicoepigenetics - p. 837a 165. Abstract - p. 837a 166. 48.1 Introduction - p. 837a 167. 48.2 Tobacco and cigarette smoking - p. 845a 168. 48.3 Alcohol - p. 850a 169. 48.4 Drugs - p. 856a 170. 48.5 Metals - p. 877a 171. 48.6 Endocrine disrupting chemicals - p. 895a 172. 48.7 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) - p. 902a 173. 48.8 Pesticides - p. 905a 174. 48.9 Herbicides - p. 908a 175. 48.10 Fungicides - p. 911a 176. 48.11 Aflatoxin B1 - p. 912a 177. 48.12 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) - p. 912a 178. 48.13 Dioxins - p. 913a 179. 48.14 Furan - p. 914a 180. 48.15 Sarin - p. 914a 181. 48.16 Sulfur mustard - p. 915a 182. 48.17 1-Trichloromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline - p. 915a 183. 48.18 Benzene, formaldehyde, and fuel-related pollutants - p. 915a 184. 48.19 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers - p. 916a 185. 48.20 Haloacetic acids - p. 916a 186. 48.21 Pyrrolizidine alkaloids - p. 917a 187. 48.22 Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) - p. 917a 188. 48.23 Fumonisin B1 - p. 917a 189. 48.24 Aristolochic acids - p. 917a 190. 48.25 Microcystins (cyanoginosins) - p. 918a 191. 48.26 Organophosphate (OP) flame-retardants - p. 918a 192. 48.27 α-Hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCDD) - p. 919a 193. 48.28 1,3-Butadiene - p. 919a 194. 48.29 β-Hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) - p. 919a 195. 48.30 Vinyl chloride monomer - p. 920a 196. 48.31 Crude oil - p. 920a 197. 48.32 Asbestos - p. 920a 198. 48.33 Tartrazine - p. 920a 199. 48.34 Odorants - p. 920a 200. 48.35 Ochratoxin A - p. 921a 201. 48.36 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-phenylmethanoneoxybenzone (H4MBP) (benzophenone-3; oxybenzone) - p. 921a 202. 48.37 N,N-dimethylformamide (dimethylformamide) - p. 921a 203. 48.38 Triphenyltin compounds - p. 922a 204. 48.39 Tributyltin - p. 922a 205. 48.40 Arecoline - p. 922a 206. 48.41 Fluoride - p. 922a 207. 48.42 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - p. 923a 208. 48.43 Acrylamide - p. 923a 209. 48.44 Magnetic- and microwave-treated water - p. 924a 210. 48.45 Air pollution and particulate matter - p. 924a 211. 48.46 Microplastics - p. 926a 212. 48.47 Nanomaterials - p. 926a 213. 48.48 Ionizing radiation - p. 928a 214. 48.49 Electromagnetic radiation - p. 928a 215. 48.50 Low-frequency magnetic fields - p. 928a 216. 48.51 Laser irradiation - p. 929a 217. 48.52 Mobile phone signal radiation - p. 929a 218. 48.53 Microvibration - p. 929a 219. References - p. 929a 220. Section X: Epigenetis of life cycle - p. 949a 221. Chapter 49. Epigenetics of life cycle: from prenatal events to aging - p. 950a 222. Index - p. 1030 223. Index - p. 1025a
Pharmacoepigenetics, Second Edition, a volume within the Translational Epigenetics series, is a comprehensive reference on the role of epigenetics and epigenomics in drug discovery and development, providing a detailed, but accessible view of the field, from basic principles to applications in disease therapeutics. Leading international researchers from across academia, clinical settings, and the pharmaceutical industry discuss the influence of epigenetics and epigenomics in human pathology, epigenetic biomarkers for disease prediction, diagnosis, and treatment, current epigenetic drugs, and the application of epigenetic procedures in drug development. Throughout the book, chapter authors offer a balanced and objective discussion of the future of pharmacoepigenetics and its crucial contribution to the growth of precision and personalized medicine.The new edition has been fully revised to address recent advances in epigenetics, from new natural and synthetic compounds with epigenetic effects to the role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of a growing number of complex diseases, including further cancers, cardiovascular disorders, and brain disorders. Newly identified molecular components in the functional architecture of the epigenetic machinery, as well as practical and relevant pharmacoepigenetics topics related to COVID-19 and other world health challenges, are also discussed. Each chapter has been updated to include a chapter summary, keywords and definitions, and further color figure and charts for learning reinforcement, along with clinical research case studies illustrating key research in the field and making findings and research approaches more actionable for readers.
1. 1.1 Introduction - p. 2 2. 1.2 The epigenetic machinery - p. 3 3. 1.3 Epitranscriptomics - p. 52 4. 1.4 Other operational elements of the epigenetic machinery - p. 55 5. 1.5 Singular epigenetic phenomena - p. 82 6. 1.6 Extracellular vesicles - p. 95 7. 1.7 Epigenetic editing with CRISPR - p. 95 8. 1.8 Chromatinopathies and epigenetic Mendelian disorders - p. 96 9. 1.9 Pharmacoepigenetics network - p. 97 10. References - p. 98 11. Chapter 2. Pharmacoepigenetic processors - p. 118 12. Chapter 3. Epigenetic regulation of drug metabolism - p. 189 13. Chapter 4. Epigenetic regulation of drug metabolism and transport by long noncoding RNAs - p. 205 14. Section II: Drug development and drug-related events - p. 214 15. Chapter 5. Epigenetic drugs - p. 215 16. Abstract - p. 215 17. 5.1 Introduction - p. 215 18. 5.2 Classification of epigenetic drugs - p. 216 19. 5.3 DNA methyltransferase inhibitors - p. 240 20. 5.4 Histone deacetylase inhibitors - p. 257 21. 5.5 Histone acetyltransferase inhibitors - p. 326 22. 5.6 Histone methyltransferase inhibitors - p. 336 23. 5.7 Histone demethylase inhibitors - p. 364 24. 5.8 Bromodomain inhibitors - p. 386 25. 5.9 Novel epigenetic drugs - p. 426 26. 5.10 PROTACs - p. 455 27. 5.11 Dual epigenetic drugs - p. 456 28. 5.12 Natural products - p. 460 29. 5.13 ncRNAs - p. 511 30. 5.14 Nuclei acids therapeutics - p. 519 31. 5.15 Combination therapies - p. 523 32. 5.16 Drug repurposing/repositioning - p. 526 33. 5.17 Drug-induced pharmacoepigenetic effects - p. 528 34. 5.18 CRISPR-related personalized therapy - p. 545 35. 5.19 Effects of epigenetic drugs on germ cells - p. 548 36. 5.20 Chemoresistance - p. 549 37. 5.21 Pharmacogenetics of epigenetic drugs - p. 558 38. 5.22 Conclusions - p. 566 39. References - p. 566 40. Chapter 6. Animal models in epigenetic research - p. 625 41. Chapter 7. Pharmacoepigenetics of novel nucleoside DNA methyltransferase inhibitors - p. 646 42. Chapter 8. Bromodomain inhibition and its application to human disease - p. 660 43. Chapter 9. Pharmacological nicotinamide: mechanisms centered around the activities of SIRT1 and other sirtuin proteins - p. 677 44. Chapter 10. Epigenetic-related drug resistance - p. 699 45. Section III: Pharmacoepigenetics of cancer - p. 758 46. Chapter 11. Epigenetic regulation of drug transporters in cancer - p. 759 47. Chapter 12. Epigenetic drug discovery for cancer - p. 779 48. Chapter 13. Epigenetic drugs for cancer - p. 787 49. Chapter 14. Pharmacoepigenetics of histone deacetylase inhibitors in cancer - p. 797 50. Chapter 15. Epigenetic effects of AntiGan in cancer - p. 821 51. Chapter 16. Pharmacoepigenetic considerations for the treatment of breast cancer - p. 844 52. Chapter 17. Therapeutic potential of pharmacoepigenetics in cholangiocarcinoma - p. 856 53. Chapter 18. Pharmacoepigenetics of Chinese herbal components in cancer - p. 867 54. Section IV: Pharmacoepigenetics of cardiovascular disease and related disorders - p. 877 55. Chapter 19. Epigenetics and pharmacoepigenetics of cardiovascular disorders - p. 878 56. Chapter 20. Functional implications of epigenetics in cardiovascular disease - p. 890 57. Chapter 21. Role of DNA methylation in cardiovascular disease - p. 903 58. Chapter 22. Epigenetics in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity - p. 919 59. Chapter 23. Pathoepigenetics of vascular disorders - p. 929 60. Abstract - p. 929 61. 23.1 Introduction - p. 929 62. 23.2 Atherosclerosis - p. 930 63. 23.3 Cardiovascular disorders - p. 938 64. 23.4 Cerebrovascular disorders - p. 976 65. 23.5 Arteriovenous malformations - p. 988 66. 23.6 Venous thromboembolism - p. 988 67. 23.7 Migraine - p. 989 68. 23.8 Hypertension - p. 992 69. 23.9 Conclusions - p. 1019 70. References - p. 1020 71. Section V: Pharmacoepigenetics of central nervous system disorders - p. 1a 72. Chapter 24. The epigenetic constellation of neurodevelopment disorders - p. 2a 73. Abstract - p. 2a 74. 24.1 Introduction - p. 2a 75. 24.2 Brain development - p. 11a 76. 24.3 Memory and learning - p. 29a 77. 24.4 Stressful events - p. 32a 78. 24.5 Behavior - p. 38a 79. 24.6 Transgenerational inheritance - p. 39a 80. 24.7 Neurodevelopmental disorders - p. 43a 81. 24.8 Novel viral neuroinfections - p. 104a 82. 24.9 Pharmacoepigenetic treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders - p. 105a 83. References - p. 106a 84. Chapter 25. Pharmacoepigenetics and toxicoepigenetics in neurodevelopmental disorders - p. 127a 85. Epigenetics and the role of KMT2E in schizophrenia: pathways for personalized treatment - p. 140a 86. Chapter 27. Pharmacoepigenetics of autism spectrum disorder - p. 149a 87. Chapter 28. Pharmacoepigenetics of mood disorders - p. 166a 88. Chapter 29. Pharmacoepigenetics of bipolar disorder - p. 185a 89. Chapter 30. Pharmacoepigenetics of major depression - p. 195a 90. Chapter 31. Pharmacoepigenetics of epilepsy - p. 205a 91. Chapter 32. Pharmacoepigenetics of vertigo and related vestibular syndromes - p. 257a 92. Chapter 33. Pharmacoepigenetics of sensorineural hearing loss - p. 277a 93. Chapter 34. Epigenetics and pharmacoepigenetics of neuropsychiatric disorders - p. 304a 94. Abstract - p. 304a 95. 34.1 Introduction - p. 304a 96. 34.2 Neuropsychopharmacology and the epigenetic conundrum in central nervous system disorders - p. 306a 97. 34.3 Mood disorders - p. 307a 98. 34.4 Bipolar disorder - p. 326a 99. 34.5 Anxiety disorders - p. 327a 100. 34.6 Stress - p. 339a 101. 34.7 Post-traumatic stress disorder - p. 342a 102. 34.8 Psychosis and schizophrenia - p. 344a 103. 34.9 Obsessive-compulsive disorder - p. 357a 104. 34.10 Personality disorders - p. 357a 105. 34.11 Substance use disorders - p. 358a 106. 34.12 Chronic pain - p. 363a 107. 34.13 Neuropathic pain - p. 363a 108. 34.14 Eating disorders - p. 365a 109. 34.15 Sleep disorders - p. 366a 110. 34.16 Epilepsy - p. 368a 111. 34.17 Brain and musculoskeletal trauma - p. 370a 112. 34.18 Post-operative delirium - p. 370a 113. 34.19 Conversion disorder - p. 370a 114. 34.20 Restless legs syndrome - p. 371a 115. 34.21 Chronic fatigue syndrome - p. 371a 116. 34.22 Transgenerational inheritance of behavior - p. 372a 117. 34.23 Conclusions - p. 373a 118. References - p. 373a 119. Chapter 35. Epigenetics and pharmacoepigenetics of age-related neurodegenerative disorders - p. 385a 120. Abstract - p. 385a 121. 35.1 Introduction - p. 385a 122. 35.2 Epigenetic mechanisms of aging - p. 386a 123. 35.3 Brain aging - p. 391a 124. 35.4 Progeroid syndromes - p. 391a 125. 35.5 Alzheimer’s disease - p. 393a 126. 35.6 Other forms of dementia - p. 421a 127. 35.7 Parkinson’s disease - p. 429a 128. 35.8 Multiple sclerosis - p. 445a 129. 35.9 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - p. 448a 130. 35.10 Polyglutamine disorders - p. 452a 131. 35.11 Other age-related degenerative disorders - p. 456a 132. 35.12 Conclusions - p. 458a 133. References - p. 458a 134. Chapter 36. Epigenetic effects of Nosustrophine in Alzheimer’s disease - p. 477a 135. Chapter 37. Epigenetic effects of AtreMorine in Parkinson’s disease - p. 500a 136. Chapter 38. Pharmacoepigenetics of memantine in dementia and related considerations in SARS-CoV-2 virulence - p. 533a 137. Chapter 39. Pharmacoepigenetics of cannabis and cannabinoids - p. 547a 138. Chapter 40. Pathoepigenetics of brain tumors and prevalent neoplasms - p. 558a 139. Abstract - p. 558a 140. 40.1 Introduction - p. 558a 141. 40.2 Brain tumors - p. 573a 142. 40.3 Breast cancer - p. 621a 143. 40.4 Lung cancer - p. 626a 144. 40.5 Colorectal cancer - p. 632a 145. 40.6 Prostate cancer - p. 636a 146. 40.7 Hepatocellular carcinoma - p. 639a 147. 40.8 Pancreatic cancer - p. 642a 148. 40.9 Hematological malignancies - p. 643a 149. 40.10 Other modalities of cancer - p. 645a 150. 40.11 Pharmacoepigenetic targets of cancer - p. 663a 151. 40.12 Conclusions - p. 671a 152. References - p. 672a 153. Section VI: Pharmacoepigenetics of immunological and metabolic disorders - p. 694a 154. Chapter 41. Binomial pathoepigenetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity - p. 695a 155. Chapter 42. Epigenetics and pharmacoepigenetics of rheumatic disorders - p. 717a 156. Chapter 43. Pharmacogenetics in psoriasis - p. 728a 157. Chapter 44. Pharmacoepigenetics of systemic lupus erythematosus - p. 751a 158. Section VII: Nutritional epigenetics - p. 765a 159. Chapter 45. Nutriepigenetics - p. 766a 160. Section VIII: Epigenetics and pharmacoepigenetics of infectious disorders - p. 804a 161. Chapter 46. Epigenetics and pharmacoepigenetics of bacterial infections - p. 805a 162. Chapter 47. Impact of virus proteins and role of small compound medication against COVID-19 in remodeling the host epigenome - p. 822a 163. Section IX: Toxicoepigenetics - p. 836a 164. Chapter 48. Toxicoepigenetics - p. 837a 165. Abstract - p. 837a 166. 48.1 Introduction - p. 837a 167. 48.2 Tobacco and cigarette smoking - p. 845a 168. 48.3 Alcohol - p. 850a 169. 48.4 Drugs - p. 856a 170. 48.5 Metals - p. 877a 171. 48.6 Endocrine disrupting chemicals - p. 895a 172. 48.7 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) - p. 902a 173. 48.8 Pesticides - p. 905a 174. 48.9 Herbicides - p. 908a 175. 48.10 Fungicides - p. 911a 176. 48.11 Aflatoxin B1 - p. 912a 177. 48.12 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) - p. 912a 178. 48.13 Dioxins - p. 913a 179. 48.14 Furan - p. 914a 180. 48.15 Sarin - p. 914a 181. 48.16 Sulfur mustard - p. 915a 182. 48.17 1-Trichloromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline - p. 915a 183. 48.18 Benzene, formaldehyde, and fuel-related pollutants - p. 915a 184. 48.19 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers - p. 916a 185. 48.20 Haloacetic acids - p. 916a 186. 48.21 Pyrrolizidine alkaloids - p. 917a 187. 48.22 Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) - p. 917a 188. 48.23 Fumonisin B1 - p. 917a 189. 48.24 Aristolochic acids - p. 917a 190. 48.25 Microcystins (cyanoginosins) - p. 918a 191. 48.26 Organophosphate (OP) flame-retardants - p. 918a 192. 48.27 α-Hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCDD) - p. 919a 193. 48.28 1,3-Butadiene - p. 919a 194. 48.29 β-Hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) - p. 919a 195. 48.30 Vinyl chloride monomer - p. 920a 196. 48.31 Crude oil - p. 920a 197. 48.32 Asbestos - p. 920a 198. 48.33 Tartrazine - p. 920a 199. 48.34 Odorants - p. 920a 200. 48.35 Ochratoxin A - p. 921a 201. 48.36 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-phenylmethanoneoxybenzone (H4MBP) (benzophenone-3; oxybenzone) - p. 921a 202. 48.37 N,N-dimethylformamide (dimethylformamide) - p. 921a 203. 48.38 Triphenyltin compounds - p. 922a 204. 48.39 Tributyltin - p. 922a 205. 48.40 Arecoline - p. 922a 206. 48.41 Fluoride - p. 922a 207. 48.42 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - p. 923a 208. 48.43 Acrylamide - p. 923a 209. 48.44 Magnetic- and microwave-treated water - p. 924a 210. 48.45 Air pollution and particulate matter - p. 924a 211. 48.46 Microplastics - p. 926a 212. 48.47 Nanomaterials - p. 926a 213. 48.48 Ionizing radiation - p. 928a 214. 48.49 Electromagnetic radiation - p. 928a 215. 48.50 Low-frequency magnetic fields - p. 928a 216. 48.51 Laser irradiation - p. 929a 217. 48.52 Mobile phone signal radiation - p. 929a 218. 48.53 Microvibration - p. 929a 219. References - p. 929a 220. Section X: Epigenetis of life cycle - p. 949a 221. Chapter 49. Epigenetics of life cycle: from prenatal events to aging - p. 950a 222. Index - p. 1030 223. Index - p. 1025a
