Photonics: An Electromagnetic Approach introduces students to the field by means of a comprehensive integration of diverse explanations within a unified framework rooted in electromagnetic theory. This framework is designed to meet the needs of undergraduate (junior or senior) and graduate students while also providing researchers with a moderately detailed description. The book strives to cover underlying physical photonics principles rather than focusing on actual devices and systems. It starts with the underlying physics in Maxwell’s equations. Many important features in photonics are covered as solutions of linear Maxwell’s equations, including reflection, refraction, interference, radiation, diffraction, optical waveguide, optical resonator, etc.
Ray optics are introduced by considering the dimensionality of the interesting region. Resonant interactions between electromagnetic fields and media, including semiconductors, are explained classically or semi classically. Various dynamic characteristics of lasers are also discussed, and noise mechanisms in the detection and generation processes of optical radiation are explained in detail. Finally, fundamentals for nonlinear optical phenomena are explained by solving nonlinear wave equations, both for elastic and inelastic nonlinearities.
1. CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION - p. 1 2. Chapter 2. MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS AND PLANE WAVE SOLUTIONS - p. 9 3. Abstract - p. 9 4. 2.1 Introduction - p. 9 5. 2.2 Fundamental Equations for Electromagnetic Theory - p. 10 6. 2.3 MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS - p. 20 7. 2.4 PLANE WAVE SOLUTIONS - p. 39 8. 2.5 SUMMARY - p. 70 9. 2.6 PROBLEMS - p. 72 10. FURTHER READINGS AND WATCHES - p. 74 11. Animations - p. 74 12. Watches - p. 74 13. CHAPTER 3. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES - p. 75 14. Abstract - p. 75 15. 3.1 Introduction - p. 75 16. 3.2 WAVES IN AN ANISOTROPIC MEDIUM - p. 76 17. 3.3 INTERFERENCES AND COHERENCES - p. 96 18. 3.4 RETARDED POTENTIALS AND ELECTRIC DIPOLE RADIATION - p. 103 19. 3.5 DIFFRACTION AND GAUSSIAN BEAM - p. 111 20. 3.6 SUMMARY - p. 128 21. 3.7 Problems - p. 129 22. FURTHER READINGS AND WATCHES - p. 130 23. Animation - p. 130 24. Watches - p. 130 25. CHAPTER 4. PHOTONIC COMPONENTS AND WAVEGUIDES - p. 133 26. Abstract - p. 133 27. 4.1 INTRODUCTION - p. 133 28. 4.2 DIFFERENT DOMAINS AND THEORIES - p. 134 29. 4.3 RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL COMPONENTS - p. 137 30. 4.4 WAVEGUIDES AND TRANSVERSE MODES - p. 156 31. 4.5 SUMMARY - p. 179 32. 4.6 PROBLEMS - p. 180 33. Further Readings and Watches - p. 181 34. ANIMATION - p. 181 35. CHAPTER 5. Optical fiber and perturbation method - p. 183 36. Abstract - p. 183 37. 5.1 Introduction - p. 183 38. 5.2 Optical fiber - p. 184 39. 5.3 Pulse propagation in optical fiber - p. 199 40. 5.4 Perturbation theory - p. 214 41. 5.5 Summary - p. 229 42. 5.6 Problems - p. 231 43. Further readings and watches - p. 232 44. Animation - p. 232 45. CHAPTER 6. OPTICAL RESONATOR AND MULTILAYERED MEDIA - p. 233 46. Abstract - p. 233 47. 6.1 INTRODUCTION - p. 233 48. 6.2 OPTICAL RESONANCE AND LONGITUDINAL MODE - p. 234 49. 6.3 STABILITY OF RESONATOR AND BEAM SHAPE - p. 255 50. 6.4 BRAGG WAVE AND PHOTONIC BANDGAP - p. 264 51. 6.5 SUMMARY - p. 275 52. 6.6 PROBLEMS - p. 276 53. FURTHER READINGS AND WATCHES - p. 277 54. Animation - p. 277 55. CHAPTER 7. Optical detection and noise - p. 279 56. Abstract - p. 279 57. 7.1 Introduction - p. 279 58. 7.2 Optical detectors - p. 280 59. 7.3 Noise in optical detection - p. 296 60. 7.4 Signal-to-Noise Ratio - p. 308 61. 7.5 Summary - p. 327 62. 7.6 Problems - p. 328 63. Further readings and watches - p. 329 64. CHAPTER 8. Atomic resonance and gain - p. 331 65. Abstract - p. 331 66. 8.1 Introduction - p. 331 67. 8.2 Resonant processes and line broadening - p. 332 68. 8.3 Inversion density saturation - p. 375 69. 8.4 Plasma resonance in a conductive medium - p. 394 70. 8.5 Summary - p. 403 71. 8.6 Problems - p. 405 72. Further readings and watches - p. 406 73. Animations/watches. - p. 406 74. CHAPTER 9. Laser oscillation and mode control - p. 407 75. Abstract - p. 407 76. 9.1 Introduction - p. 407 77. 9.2 Light-Emitting Diode - p. 408 78. 9.3 Optical amplifier - p. 413 79. 9.4 Laser oscillation - p. 429 80. 9.5 Mode control in a semiconductor injection laser - p. 443 81. 9.6 Single-frequency semiconductor laser - p. 456 82. 9.7 Summary - p. 469 83. 9.8 Problems - p. 470 84. Further readings and watches - p. 471 85. Watches - p. 471 86. CHAPTER 10. Laser Dynamics - p. 473 87. Abstract - p. 473 88. 10.1 Introduction - p. 473 89. 10.2 Laser rate equations - p. 474 90. 10.3 Laser dynamics - p. 499 91. 10.4 Noise in light generation and amplification - p. 523 92. 10.5 Summary - p. 541 93. 10.6 Problems - p. 543 94. CHAPTER 11. Nonlinear optics - p. 545 95. Abstract - p. 545 96. 11.1 Introduction - p. 545 97. 11.2 Nonlinear Maxwell’s equations - p. 546 98. 11.3 New frequency generation and phase matching - p. 572 99. 11.4 Light scattering by a lattice vibration - p. 588 100. 11.5 Summary - p. 608 101. 11.6 Problems - p. 610 102. Further readings and watches - p. 611 103. CHAPTER 12. NONLINEAR FIBER OPTICS - p. 613 104. Abstract - p. 613 105. 12.1 INTRODUCTION - p. 613 106. 12.2 NONLINEAR PULSE PROPAGATION EQUATION - p. 614 107. 12.3 A SINGLE-WAVE PROPAGATION - p. 621 108. 12.4 MULTIPLE WAVES INTERACTION - p. 635 109. 12.5 SPLIT-STEP FOURIER METHOD AND CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS - p. 682 110. 12.6 SUMMARY - p. 685 111. 12.7 Problems - p. 687 112. FURTHER READINGS AND WATCHES - p. 688 113. Watches - p. 688 114. Appendix A. Fourier transform, frequencies, and linearity - p. 689 115. Appendix B. RESPONSIBILITY, SUSCEPTIBILITY, AND POWER - p. 709 116. Appendix C. COLLISION BROADENING - p. 719 117. Appendix D. Higher-order Gaussian beam mode in a homogeneous medium - p. 721 118. Appendix E. QUASI-STATIC FIELD APPROXIMATION AND CIRCUIT THEORY - p. 727 119. Appendix F. TRANSITION MATRIX APPROACH FOR OPTICAL BOUNDARY - p. 743 120. Appendix G. Orthogonality of guided modes - p. 757 121. Appendix H. LP01 modes from HE11 Modes - p. 761 122. Appendix I. Coupling coefficient for a periodically perturbed waveguide - p. 765 123. Appendix J. The Planck distribution - p. 767 124. Appendix K. Different representations of line-shape functions - p. 771 125. Appendix L. Incoherent Light and Second-order correlation - p. 773 126. Bibliography - p. 777 127. Index - p. 781
Photonics: An Electromagnetic Approach introduces students to the field by means of a comprehensive integration of diverse explanations within a unified framework rooted in electromagnetic theory. This framework is designed to meet the needs of undergraduate (junior or senior) and graduate students while also providing researchers with a moderately detailed description. The book strives to cover underlying physical photonics principles rather than focusing on actual devices and systems. It starts with the underlying physics in Maxwell’s equations. Many important features in photonics are covered as solutions of linear Maxwell’s equations, including reflection, refraction, interference, radiation, diffraction, optical waveguide, optical resonator, etc.
Ray optics are introduced by considering the dimensionality of the interesting region. Resonant interactions between electromagnetic fields and media, including semiconductors, are explained classically or semi classically. Various dynamic characteristics of lasers are also discussed, and noise mechanisms in the detection and generation processes of optical radiation are explained in detail. Finally, fundamentals for nonlinear optical phenomena are explained by solving nonlinear wave equations, both for elastic and inelastic nonlinearities.
1. CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION - p. 1 2. Chapter 2. MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS AND PLANE WAVE SOLUTIONS - p. 9 3. Abstract - p. 9 4. 2.1 Introduction - p. 9 5. 2.2 Fundamental Equations for Electromagnetic Theory - p. 10 6. 2.3 MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS - p. 20 7. 2.4 PLANE WAVE SOLUTIONS - p. 39 8. 2.5 SUMMARY - p. 70 9. 2.6 PROBLEMS - p. 72 10. FURTHER READINGS AND WATCHES - p. 74 11. Animations - p. 74 12. Watches - p. 74 13. CHAPTER 3. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES - p. 75 14. Abstract - p. 75 15. 3.1 Introduction - p. 75 16. 3.2 WAVES IN AN ANISOTROPIC MEDIUM - p. 76 17. 3.3 INTERFERENCES AND COHERENCES - p. 96 18. 3.4 RETARDED POTENTIALS AND ELECTRIC DIPOLE RADIATION - p. 103 19. 3.5 DIFFRACTION AND GAUSSIAN BEAM - p. 111 20. 3.6 SUMMARY - p. 128 21. 3.7 Problems - p. 129 22. FURTHER READINGS AND WATCHES - p. 130 23. Animation - p. 130 24. Watches - p. 130 25. CHAPTER 4. PHOTONIC COMPONENTS AND WAVEGUIDES - p. 133 26. Abstract - p. 133 27. 4.1 INTRODUCTION - p. 133 28. 4.2 DIFFERENT DOMAINS AND THEORIES - p. 134 29. 4.3 RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL COMPONENTS - p. 137 30. 4.4 WAVEGUIDES AND TRANSVERSE MODES - p. 156 31. 4.5 SUMMARY - p. 179 32. 4.6 PROBLEMS - p. 180 33. Further Readings and Watches - p. 181 34. ANIMATION - p. 181 35. CHAPTER 5. Optical fiber and perturbation method - p. 183 36. Abstract - p. 183 37. 5.1 Introduction - p. 183 38. 5.2 Optical fiber - p. 184 39. 5.3 Pulse propagation in optical fiber - p. 199 40. 5.4 Perturbation theory - p. 214 41. 5.5 Summary - p. 229 42. 5.6 Problems - p. 231 43. Further readings and watches - p. 232 44. Animation - p. 232 45. CHAPTER 6. OPTICAL RESONATOR AND MULTILAYERED MEDIA - p. 233 46. Abstract - p. 233 47. 6.1 INTRODUCTION - p. 233 48. 6.2 OPTICAL RESONANCE AND LONGITUDINAL MODE - p. 234 49. 6.3 STABILITY OF RESONATOR AND BEAM SHAPE - p. 255 50. 6.4 BRAGG WAVE AND PHOTONIC BANDGAP - p. 264 51. 6.5 SUMMARY - p. 275 52. 6.6 PROBLEMS - p. 276 53. FURTHER READINGS AND WATCHES - p. 277 54. Animation - p. 277 55. CHAPTER 7. Optical detection and noise - p. 279 56. Abstract - p. 279 57. 7.1 Introduction - p. 279 58. 7.2 Optical detectors - p. 280 59. 7.3 Noise in optical detection - p. 296 60. 7.4 Signal-to-Noise Ratio - p. 308 61. 7.5 Summary - p. 327 62. 7.6 Problems - p. 328 63. Further readings and watches - p. 329 64. CHAPTER 8. Atomic resonance and gain - p. 331 65. Abstract - p. 331 66. 8.1 Introduction - p. 331 67. 8.2 Resonant processes and line broadening - p. 332 68. 8.3 Inversion density saturation - p. 375 69. 8.4 Plasma resonance in a conductive medium - p. 394 70. 8.5 Summary - p. 403 71. 8.6 Problems - p. 405 72. Further readings and watches - p. 406 73. Animations/watches. - p. 406 74. CHAPTER 9. Laser oscillation and mode control - p. 407 75. Abstract - p. 407 76. 9.1 Introduction - p. 407 77. 9.2 Light-Emitting Diode - p. 408 78. 9.3 Optical amplifier - p. 413 79. 9.4 Laser oscillation - p. 429 80. 9.5 Mode control in a semiconductor injection laser - p. 443 81. 9.6 Single-frequency semiconductor laser - p. 456 82. 9.7 Summary - p. 469 83. 9.8 Problems - p. 470 84. Further readings and watches - p. 471 85. Watches - p. 471 86. CHAPTER 10. Laser Dynamics - p. 473 87. Abstract - p. 473 88. 10.1 Introduction - p. 473 89. 10.2 Laser rate equations - p. 474 90. 10.3 Laser dynamics - p. 499 91. 10.4 Noise in light generation and amplification - p. 523 92. 10.5 Summary - p. 541 93. 10.6 Problems - p. 543 94. CHAPTER 11. Nonlinear optics - p. 545 95. Abstract - p. 545 96. 11.1 Introduction - p. 545 97. 11.2 Nonlinear Maxwell’s equations - p. 546 98. 11.3 New frequency generation and phase matching - p. 572 99. 11.4 Light scattering by a lattice vibration - p. 588 100. 11.5 Summary - p. 608 101. 11.6 Problems - p. 610 102. Further readings and watches - p. 611 103. CHAPTER 12. NONLINEAR FIBER OPTICS - p. 613 104. Abstract - p. 613 105. 12.1 INTRODUCTION - p. 613 106. 12.2 NONLINEAR PULSE PROPAGATION EQUATION - p. 614 107. 12.3 A SINGLE-WAVE PROPAGATION - p. 621 108. 12.4 MULTIPLE WAVES INTERACTION - p. 635 109. 12.5 SPLIT-STEP FOURIER METHOD AND CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS - p. 682 110. 12.6 SUMMARY - p. 685 111. 12.7 Problems - p. 687 112. FURTHER READINGS AND WATCHES - p. 688 113. Watches - p. 688 114. Appendix A. Fourier transform, frequencies, and linearity - p. 689 115. Appendix B. RESPONSIBILITY, SUSCEPTIBILITY, AND POWER - p. 709 116. Appendix C. COLLISION BROADENING - p. 719 117. Appendix D. Higher-order Gaussian beam mode in a homogeneous medium - p. 721 118. Appendix E. QUASI-STATIC FIELD APPROXIMATION AND CIRCUIT THEORY - p. 727 119. Appendix F. TRANSITION MATRIX APPROACH FOR OPTICAL BOUNDARY - p. 743 120. Appendix G. Orthogonality of guided modes - p. 757 121. Appendix H. LP01 modes from HE11 Modes - p. 761 122. Appendix I. Coupling coefficient for a periodically perturbed waveguide - p. 765 123. Appendix J. The Planck distribution - p. 767 124. Appendix K. Different representations of line-shape functions - p. 771 125. Appendix L. Incoherent Light and Second-order correlation - p. 773 126. Bibliography - p. 777 127. Index - p. 781
