Process Safety Calculations, Third Edition introduces the topic in four key sections, including Fundamentals that covers the chemistry, thermodynamics, and fluid dynamics of process safety; Consequence Assessment, which includes source and dispersion models, as well as fire and explosion analysis; Quantitative Risk Assessment, detailing methodologies such as Layer of Protection Analysis and integrity management; and finally, a new section on Process Safety of Offshore Installations, which explores risk assessments related to risers, vessel collisions, and dropped objects. Each chapter is designed to provide clear explanations and step-by-step calculations, making it a practical guide for understanding and applying process safety principles.
With a focus on practical applications, the book maintains its successful approach of solving real-world examples through detailed calculations, ensuring that complex concepts are accessible and applicable.
1. Technical Introduction - p. xxxiii 2. Part 1. Fundamentals - p. P1 3. Chapter 1. Chemistry of Process Safety - p. 3 4. 1.1 Stoichiometry and Mass Balances - p. 3 5. 1.2 States of Substances in Process Safety - p. 10 6. 1.3 Mass and Concentration Units in Process Safety - p. 11 7. 1.4 Solutions and Chemical Equilibrium - p. 15 8. 1.5 Absorption and Adsorption - p. 36 9. 1.6 Applications - p. 39 10. Chapter 2. Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry of Process Safety - p. 51 11. 2.1 Ideal Gases - p. 51 12. 2.2 Real Gases - p. 56 13. 2.3 Polytropic Transformations - p. 62 14. 2.4 State Functions - p. 63 15. 2.5 Thermodynamic Properties - p. 65 16. 2.6 Heat Transfer Mechanisms - p. 71 17. 2.7 Applications - p. 92 18. Chapter 3. Reaction Engineering of Process Safety - p. 115 19. Chapter 4. Fluid Dynamics of Process Safety - p. 151 20. 4.1 Equations of Conservation - p. 151 21. 4.2 Joule–Thomson Expansion in Process Safety - p. 162 22. 4.3 Turbulent and Laminar Flows - p. 166 23. 4.4 Liquid Elasticity (Bulk Modulus) - p. 167 24. 4.5 Fluid Hammer (Surge) - p. 170 25. 4.6 Theory of Jets - p. 172 26. 4.7 Buoyancy - p. 193 27. 4.8 Flashing Liquids - p. 194 28. 4.9 Spray Release and Droplet Dynamics - p. 201 29. 4.10 Pool Evaporation - p. 204 30. 4.11 Hydrogen Sulphide Release From Free Surfaces - p. 205 31. Chapter 5. Loads and Stress Analysis of Process Safety - p. 209 32. Chapter 6. Statistics and Reliability of Process Safety - p. 237 33. Part 2. Consequence Assessment - p. P2 34. Chapter 7. Source Models - p. 263 35. 7.1 Summary of Scenarios - p. 263 36. 7.2 Subcooled Liquids - p. 263 37. 7.3 Boiling Liquids - p. 281 38. 7.4 Rainout and Flashing—Liquid Droplet Formation - p. 292 39. 7.5 Carbon dioxide: Liquid-to-Solid Transition - p. 296 40. 7.6 Gases and Vapours - p. 303 41. 7.7 Pool Formation and Liquid Evaporation - p. 311 42. 7.8 U.S. EPA Offsite Consequence Analysis models - p. 314 43. 7.9 Simplified Formulas - p. 319 44. Chapter 8. Dispersion Models - p. 323 45. Chapter 9. Fire - p. 363 46. 9.1 Summary of Scenarios - p. 363 47. 9.2 Ignition Sources - p. 364 48. 9.3 Pyrophoric Materials - p. 364 49. 9.4 Relevance and Effects of Ignition Sources - p. 364 50. 9.5 Analysis of Ignition Sources - p. 365 51. 9.6 Ignition Probability - p. 375 52. 9.7 Fire Scenarios - p. 384 53. 9.8 Fire Damage to People - p. 442 54. Chapter 10. Explosions - p. 447 55. 10.1 Summary of Scenarios - p. 447 56. 10.2 The Explosion - p. 448 57. 10.3 Laminar Burning Velocity - p. 449 58. 10.4 Flame Speed and Turbulent Velocity - p. 451 59. 10.5 Explosion With Oxidisers Other Than Oxygen - p. 451 60. 10.6 Confined Explosion: Deflagration and Detonation - p. 452 61. 10.7 Detonation in Pipes - p. 461 62. 10.8 Reflected Shock Wave and Pressure Temporal–Spatial Distribution - p. 462 63. 10.9 Semiconfined Explosion - p. 463 64. 10.10 Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosion - p. 468 65. 10.11 Vessels Burst - p. 502 66. 10.12 Boiling Liquid Expansion Vapour Explosion - p. 505 67. 10.13 Rapid Phase Transition - p. 512 68. 10.14 Thermal Runway - p. 514 69. 10.15 Design and Operational Issues: Hot Spots - p. 525 70. 10.16 Pressure Piling - p. 527 71. 10.17 Drag Loads - p. 530 72. 10.18 Loads on Buildings - p. 532 73. 10.19 Blast-Resistant Structures in the QRA Framework - p. 534 74. 10.20 Hazardous Area Classification - p. 542 75. 10.21 Inerting - p. 548 76. Chapter 11. Dust Explosions - p. 557 77. Part 3. Quantitative Risk Assessment - p. P3 78. Chapter 12. Quantitative Risk Assessment - p. 625 79. Chapter 13. Structural Dynamics of Buildings Subject to Blast Loads - p. 647 80. Chapter 14. Layer of Protection Analysis - p. 689 81. Chapter 15. Explosion Protection of Vessels and Enclosures - p. 723 82. 15.1 Scope - p. 723 83. 15.2 Definitions - p. 724 84. 15.3 Rules of Thumb - p. 727 85. 15.4 Stress Analysis of Vessels and Related Structural Elements - p. 728 86. 15.5 Establishment of Reduced Pressure Pred - p. 732 87. 15.6 Venting of Gas Explosions in Isolated Compact Enclosures - p. 741 88. 15.7 Venting of Dust Explosions in Isolated Compact Enclosures - p. 759 89. 15.8 Actions on Supporting Structures of Vessels - p. 771 90. 15.9 Vent Ducts - p. 774 91. Chapter 16. Mitigation of Toxic Risk - p. 779 92. 16.1 Scope - p. 779 93. 16.2 Definitions - p. 780 94. 16.3 The Toxic Roadmap - p. 781 95. 16.4 Acute Toxicity of Substances and Mixtures - p. 781 96. 16.5 Toxicity Indices - p. 784 97. 16.6 Calculations for Mixtures of Toxic Chemicals - p. 788 98. 16.7 Quantitative Methods for Offsite Consequence Management - p. 790 99. 16.8 Techniques of Toxic Risk Mitigation - p. 821 100. Chapter 17. Integrity Management of Equipment Subject to Fires - p. 829 101. Part 4. Process Safety of Offshore Installations - p. P4 102. Chapter 18. Risk Assessment of Risers - p. 867 103. Chapter 19. Vessel Collisions - p. 913 104. Chapter 20. Dropped Object - p. 955 105. Chapter 21. QRA in Offshore Installations - p. 983 106. Index - p. 1007
Process Safety Calculations, Third Edition introduces the topic in four key sections, including Fundamentals that covers the chemistry, thermodynamics, and fluid dynamics of process safety; Consequence Assessment, which includes source and dispersion models, as well as fire and explosion analysis; Quantitative Risk Assessment, detailing methodologies such as Layer of Protection Analysis and integrity management; and finally, a new section on Process Safety of Offshore Installations, which explores risk assessments related to risers, vessel collisions, and dropped objects. Each chapter is designed to provide clear explanations and step-by-step calculations, making it a practical guide for understanding and applying process safety principles.
With a focus on practical applications, the book maintains its successful approach of solving real-world examples through detailed calculations, ensuring that complex concepts are accessible and applicable.
1. Technical Introduction - p. xxxiii 2. Part 1. Fundamentals - p. P1 3. Chapter 1. Chemistry of Process Safety - p. 3 4. 1.1 Stoichiometry and Mass Balances - p. 3 5. 1.2 States of Substances in Process Safety - p. 10 6. 1.3 Mass and Concentration Units in Process Safety - p. 11 7. 1.4 Solutions and Chemical Equilibrium - p. 15 8. 1.5 Absorption and Adsorption - p. 36 9. 1.6 Applications - p. 39 10. Chapter 2. Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry of Process Safety - p. 51 11. 2.1 Ideal Gases - p. 51 12. 2.2 Real Gases - p. 56 13. 2.3 Polytropic Transformations - p. 62 14. 2.4 State Functions - p. 63 15. 2.5 Thermodynamic Properties - p. 65 16. 2.6 Heat Transfer Mechanisms - p. 71 17. 2.7 Applications - p. 92 18. Chapter 3. Reaction Engineering of Process Safety - p. 115 19. Chapter 4. Fluid Dynamics of Process Safety - p. 151 20. 4.1 Equations of Conservation - p. 151 21. 4.2 Joule–Thomson Expansion in Process Safety - p. 162 22. 4.3 Turbulent and Laminar Flows - p. 166 23. 4.4 Liquid Elasticity (Bulk Modulus) - p. 167 24. 4.5 Fluid Hammer (Surge) - p. 170 25. 4.6 Theory of Jets - p. 172 26. 4.7 Buoyancy - p. 193 27. 4.8 Flashing Liquids - p. 194 28. 4.9 Spray Release and Droplet Dynamics - p. 201 29. 4.10 Pool Evaporation - p. 204 30. 4.11 Hydrogen Sulphide Release From Free Surfaces - p. 205 31. Chapter 5. Loads and Stress Analysis of Process Safety - p. 209 32. Chapter 6. Statistics and Reliability of Process Safety - p. 237 33. Part 2. Consequence Assessment - p. P2 34. Chapter 7. Source Models - p. 263 35. 7.1 Summary of Scenarios - p. 263 36. 7.2 Subcooled Liquids - p. 263 37. 7.3 Boiling Liquids - p. 281 38. 7.4 Rainout and Flashing—Liquid Droplet Formation - p. 292 39. 7.5 Carbon dioxide: Liquid-to-Solid Transition - p. 296 40. 7.6 Gases and Vapours - p. 303 41. 7.7 Pool Formation and Liquid Evaporation - p. 311 42. 7.8 U.S. EPA Offsite Consequence Analysis models - p. 314 43. 7.9 Simplified Formulas - p. 319 44. Chapter 8. Dispersion Models - p. 323 45. Chapter 9. Fire - p. 363 46. 9.1 Summary of Scenarios - p. 363 47. 9.2 Ignition Sources - p. 364 48. 9.3 Pyrophoric Materials - p. 364 49. 9.4 Relevance and Effects of Ignition Sources - p. 364 50. 9.5 Analysis of Ignition Sources - p. 365 51. 9.6 Ignition Probability - p. 375 52. 9.7 Fire Scenarios - p. 384 53. 9.8 Fire Damage to People - p. 442 54. Chapter 10. Explosions - p. 447 55. 10.1 Summary of Scenarios - p. 447 56. 10.2 The Explosion - p. 448 57. 10.3 Laminar Burning Velocity - p. 449 58. 10.4 Flame Speed and Turbulent Velocity - p. 451 59. 10.5 Explosion With Oxidisers Other Than Oxygen - p. 451 60. 10.6 Confined Explosion: Deflagration and Detonation - p. 452 61. 10.7 Detonation in Pipes - p. 461 62. 10.8 Reflected Shock Wave and Pressure Temporal–Spatial Distribution - p. 462 63. 10.9 Semiconfined Explosion - p. 463 64. 10.10 Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosion - p. 468 65. 10.11 Vessels Burst - p. 502 66. 10.12 Boiling Liquid Expansion Vapour Explosion - p. 505 67. 10.13 Rapid Phase Transition - p. 512 68. 10.14 Thermal Runway - p. 514 69. 10.15 Design and Operational Issues: Hot Spots - p. 525 70. 10.16 Pressure Piling - p. 527 71. 10.17 Drag Loads - p. 530 72. 10.18 Loads on Buildings - p. 532 73. 10.19 Blast-Resistant Structures in the QRA Framework - p. 534 74. 10.20 Hazardous Area Classification - p. 542 75. 10.21 Inerting - p. 548 76. Chapter 11. Dust Explosions - p. 557 77. Part 3. Quantitative Risk Assessment - p. P3 78. Chapter 12. Quantitative Risk Assessment - p. 625 79. Chapter 13. Structural Dynamics of Buildings Subject to Blast Loads - p. 647 80. Chapter 14. Layer of Protection Analysis - p. 689 81. Chapter 15. Explosion Protection of Vessels and Enclosures - p. 723 82. 15.1 Scope - p. 723 83. 15.2 Definitions - p. 724 84. 15.3 Rules of Thumb - p. 727 85. 15.4 Stress Analysis of Vessels and Related Structural Elements - p. 728 86. 15.5 Establishment of Reduced Pressure Pred - p. 732 87. 15.6 Venting of Gas Explosions in Isolated Compact Enclosures - p. 741 88. 15.7 Venting of Dust Explosions in Isolated Compact Enclosures - p. 759 89. 15.8 Actions on Supporting Structures of Vessels - p. 771 90. 15.9 Vent Ducts - p. 774 91. Chapter 16. Mitigation of Toxic Risk - p. 779 92. 16.1 Scope - p. 779 93. 16.2 Definitions - p. 780 94. 16.3 The Toxic Roadmap - p. 781 95. 16.4 Acute Toxicity of Substances and Mixtures - p. 781 96. 16.5 Toxicity Indices - p. 784 97. 16.6 Calculations for Mixtures of Toxic Chemicals - p. 788 98. 16.7 Quantitative Methods for Offsite Consequence Management - p. 790 99. 16.8 Techniques of Toxic Risk Mitigation - p. 821 100. Chapter 17. Integrity Management of Equipment Subject to Fires - p. 829 101. Part 4. Process Safety of Offshore Installations - p. P4 102. Chapter 18. Risk Assessment of Risers - p. 867 103. Chapter 19. Vessel Collisions - p. 913 104. Chapter 20. Dropped Object - p. 955 105. Chapter 21. QRA in Offshore Installations - p. 983 106. Index - p. 1007
