Radiative Heat Transfer, Fourth Edition is a fully updated, revised and practical reference on the basic physics and computational tools scientists and researchers use to solve problems in the broad field of radiative heat transfer. This book is acknowledged as the core reference in the field, providing models, methodologies and calculations essential to solving research problems. It is applicable to a variety of industries, including nuclear, solar and combustion energy, aerospace, chemical and materials processing, as well as environmental, biomedical and nanotechnology fields.
Contemporary examples and problems surrounding sustainable energy, materials and process engineering are an essential addition to this edition.
1. 2.1 Introduction - p. page31 2. 2.2 The Macroscopic Maxwell Equations - p. page31 3. 2.3 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Unbounded Media - p. 32 4. 2.4 Polarization - p. 37 5. 2.5 Reflection and Transmission - p. 41 6. 2.6 Theories for Optical Constants - p. page55 7. Problems - p. 58 8. References - p. 58 9. Chapter 3. Radiative Properties of Real Surfaces - p. 59 10. Abstract - p. 59 11. 3.1 Introduction - p. 60 12. 3.2 Definitions - p. 60 13. 3.3 Predictions from Electromagnetic Wave Theory - p. 70 14. 3.4 Radiative Properties of Metals - p. 72 15. 3.5 Radiative Properties of Nonconductors - p. 80 16. 3.6 Effects of Surface Roughness - p. page85 17. 3.7 Effects of Surface Damage, Oxide Films, and Dust - p. 89 18. 3.8 Radiative Properties of Semitransparent Sheets - p. 90 19. 3.9 Special Surfaces - p. 97 20. 3.10 Earth's Surface Properties and Climate Change - p. 102 21. 3.11 Experimental Methods - p. page105 22. Problems - p. 116 23. References - p. 121 24. Chapter 4. View Factors - p. 127 25. Abstract - p. 127 26. 4.1 Introduction - p. page127 27. 4.2 Definition of View Factors - p. 128 28. 4.3 Methods for the Evaluation of View Factors - p. 131 29. 4.4 Area Integration - p. 132 30. 4.5 Contour Integration - p. 135 31. 4.6 View Factor Algebra - p. 140 32. 4.7 The Crossed-Strings Method - p. 143 33. 4.8 The Inside Sphere Method - p. 148 34. 4.9 The Unit Sphere Method - p. 150 35. 4.10 View Factor Between Arbitrary Planar Polygons - p. 151 36. Problems - p. 154 37. References - p. page158 38. Chapter 5. Radiative Exchange Between Gray, Diffuse Surfaces - p. 161 39. Abstract - p. 161 40. 5.1 Introduction - p. page161 41. 5.2 Radiative Exchange Between Black Surfaces - p. page161 42. 5.3 Radiative Exchange Between Gray, Diffuse Surfaces (Net Radiation Method) - p. 174 43. 5.4 Electrical Network Analogy - p. page174 44. 5.5 Radiation Shields - p. 177 45. 5.6 Solution Methods for the Governing Integral Equations - p. 179 46. Problems - p. 188 47. References - p. 196 48. Chapter 6. Radiative Exchange Between Nondiffuse and Nongray Surfaces - p. 199 49. Abstract - p. 199 50. 6.1 Introduction - p. page199 51. 6.2 Enclosures with Partially Specular Surfaces - p. page199 52. 6.3 Radiative Exchange in the Presence of Partially Specular Surfaces - p. 204 53. 6.4 Semitransparent Sheets (Windows) - p. 211 54. 6.5 Radiative Exchange Between Nongray Surfaces - p. 214 55. 6.6 Directionally Nonideal Surfaces - p. 219 56. 6.7 Analysis for Arbitrary Surface Characteristics - p. 226 57. Problems - p. 227 58. References - p. 233 59. Chapter 7. The Monte Carlo Method for Surface Exchange - p. 235 60. Chapter 8. Surface Radiative Exchange in the Presence of Conduction and Convection - p. 261 61. Chapter 9. The Radiative Transfer Equation in Participating Media (RTE) - p. 285 62. Chapter 10. Radiative Properties of Molecular Gases - p. 311 63. Abstract - p. 311 64. 10.1 Fundamental Principles - p. page311 65. 10.2 Emission and Absorption Probabilities - p. 312 66. 10.3 Atomic and Molecular Spectra - p. 315 67. 10.4 Line Radiation - p. 322 68. 10.5 Nonequilibrium Radiation - p. 330 69. 10.6 High-Resolution Spectroscopic Databases - p. 331 70. 10.7 Spectral Models for Radiative Transfer Calculations - p. 333 71. 10.8 Narrow Band Models - p. 335 72. 10.9 Narrow Band k-Distributions - p. 344 73. 10.10 Wide Band Models - p. 356 74. 10.11 Total Emissivity and Mean Absorption Coefficient - p. 369 75. 10.12 Gas Properties of Earth's Atmosphere and Climate Change - p. 377 76. 10.13 Experimental Methods - p. 381 77. Problems - p. 386 78. References - p. 391 79. Chapter 11. Radiative Properties of Particulate Media - p. 401 80. Abstract - p. 401 81. 11.1 Introduction - p. page401 82. 11.2 Absorption and Scattering from a Single Sphere - p. 402 83. 11.3 Radiative Properties of a Particle Cloud - p. 407 84. 11.4 Radiative Properties of Small Spheres (Rayleigh Scattering) - p. 411 85. 11.5 Rayleigh–Gans Scattering - p. 413 86. 11.6 Anomalous Diffraction - p. 414 87. 11.7 Radiative Properties of Large Spheres - p. 414 88. 11.8 Absorption and Scattering by Long Cylinders - p. 420 89. 11.9 Approximate Scattering Phase Functions - p. 422 90. 11.10 Radiative Properties of Irregular Particles and Aggregates - p. 425 91. 11.11 Radiative Properties of Combustion Particles - p. page426 92. 11.12 Experimental Determination of Radiative Properties of Particles - p. 438 93. Problems - p. page443 94. References - p. 445 95. Chapter 12. Radiative Properties of Semitransparent Media - p. 453 96. Chapter 13. Exact Solutions for One-Dimensional Gray Media - p. 467 97. Abstract - p. 467 98. 13.1 Introduction - p. page467 99. 13.2 General Formulation for a Plane-Parallel Medium - p. page467 100. 13.3 Plane Layer of a Nonscattering Medium - p. 471 101. 13.4 Plane Layer of a Scattering Medium - p. 478 102. 13.5 Plane Layer of a Graded Index Medium - p. 480 103. 13.6 Radiative Transfer in Spherical Media - p. 483 104. 13.7 Radiative Transfer in Cylindrical Media - p. 487 105. 13.8 Numerical Solution of the Governing Integral Equations - p. 490 106. Problems - p. 491 107. References - p. 493 108. Chapter 14. Approximate Solution Methods for One-Dimensional Media - p. 497 109. The Method of Spherical Harmonics (PNPN-Approximation) - p. 513 110. Abstract - p. 513 111. 15.1 Introduction - p. page513 112. 15.2 General Formulation of the PNPN-Approximation - p. page513 113. 15.3 The PNPN-Approximation for a One-Dimensional Slab - p. 514 114. 15.4 Boundary Conditions for the PNPN-Method - p. 516 115. 15.5 The P1P1-Approximation - p. 519 116. 15.6 P3P3- and Higher-Order Approximations - p. 526 117. 15.7 Simplified PNPN-Approximation - p. 539 118. 15.8 Other Methods Based on the P1P1-Approximation - p. 543 119. 15.9 Comparison of Methods - p. 553 120. Problems - p. 556 121. References - p. 558 122. The Method of Discrete Ordinates (SNSN-Approximation) - p. 563 123. Abstract - p. 563 124. 16.1 Introduction - p. page563 125. 16.2 General Relations - p. page563 126. 16.3 The One-Dimensional Slab - p. 566 127. 16.4 One-Dimensional Concentric Spheres and Cylinders - p. 571 128. 16.5 Multidimensional Problems - p. 576 129. 16.6 The Finite Angle Method (FAM) - p. 593 130. 16.7 The Modified Discrete Ordinates Method - p. 602 131. 16.8 Even-Parity Formulation - p. 603 132. 16.9 Other Related Methods - p. 604 133. 16.10 Concluding Remarks - p. 606 134. Problems - p. 606 135. References - p. 608 136. Chapter 17. The Zonal Method - p. 617 137. Abstract - p. 617 138. 17.1 Introduction - p. page617 139. 17.2 Surface Exchange — No Participating Medium - p. page617 140. 17.3 Radiative Exchange in Gray Absorbing/Emitting Media - p. 622 141. 17.4 Radiative Exchange in Gray Media with Isotropic Scattering - p. 628 142. 17.5 Radiative Exchange through a Nongray Medium - p. page634 143. 17.6 Accuracy and Efficiency Considerations - p. 637 144. Problems - p. 637 145. References - p. 638 146. Chapter 18. Collimated Irradiation and Transient Phenomena - p. 641 147. Chapter 19. Solution Methods for Nongray Extinction Coefficients - p. 657 148. Abstract - p. 657 149. 19.1 Introduction - p. page657 150. 19.2 The Mean Beam Length Method - p. 658 151. 19.3 Semigray Approximations - p. page664 152. 19.4 The Stepwise-Gray Model (Box Model) - p. 667 153. 19.5 General Band Model Formulation - p. 673 154. 19.6 The Weighted-Sum-of-Gray-Gases (WSGG) Model - p. page677 155. 19.7 The Spectral-Line-Based Weighted-Sum-of-Gray-Gases (SLW) Model - p. 683 156. 19.8 Outline of k-Distribution Models - p. page686 157. 19.9 The Narrow Band and Wide Band k-Distribution Methods - p. 688 158. 19.10 The Full Spectrum k-Distribution (FSK) Method for Homogeneous Media - p. page690 159. 19.11 The FSK and SLW Methods for Nonhomogeneous Media - p. 696 160. 19.12 Evaluation of k-Distributions and ALBDFs - p. 711 161. 19.13 Higher Order k-Distribution Methods - p. 720 162. Problems - p. 727 163. References - p. 729 164. Chapter 20. The Monte Carlo Method for Participating Media - p. 737 165. Abstract - p. 737 166. 20.1 Introduction - p. page737 167. 20.2 Heat Transfer Relations for Participating Media - p. page737 168. 20.3 Random Number Relations for Participating Media - p. page738 169. 20.4 Treatment of Spectral Line Structure Effects - p. 743 170. 20.5 Overall Energy Conservation - p. 749 171. 20.6 Discrete Particle Fields - p. 750 172. 20.7 Backward Monte Carlo - p. 757 173. 20.8 Efficiency/Accuracy Considerations - p. 760 174. 20.9 Media with Variable Refractive Index - p. 766 175. 20.10 Example Problems - p. 766 176. Problems - p. 769 177. References - p. 770 178. Chapter 21. Radiation Combined with Conduction and Convection - p. 775 179. Abstract - p. 775 180. 21.1 Introduction - p. page775 181. 21.2 Combined Radiation and Conduction - p. page775 182. 21.3 Melting and Solidification with Internal Radiation - p. page784 183. 21.4 Combined Radiation and Convection - p. 790 184. 21.5 General Formulations for Coupling - p. 799 185. Problems - p. 806 186. References - p. 808 187. Chapter 22. Radiation in Chemically Reacting Systems - p. 819 188. Chapter 23. Inverse Radiative Heat Transfer - p. 859 189. Chapter 24. Nanoscale Radiative Transfer - p. 887 190. Appendix A. Constants and Conversion Factors - p. 905 191. Appendix B. Tables for Radiative Properties of Opaque Surfaces - p. 907 192. Appendix C. Blackbody Emissive Power Table - p. 921 193. Appendix D. View Factor Catalogue - p. 925 194. Appendix E. Exponential Integral Functions - p. 941 195. Appendix F. Computer Codes - p. 945 196. Author Index - p. 955 197. A - p. 955 198. B - p. 955 199. C - p. 957 200. D - p. 958 201. E - p. 959 202. F - p. 959 203. G - p. 960 204. H - p. 960 205. I - p. 962 206. J - p. 962 207. K - p. 962 208. L - p. 963 209. M - p. 964 210. N - p. 966 211. O - p. 966 212. P - p. 966 213. Q - p. 967 214. R - p. 967 215. S - p. 968 216. T - p. 970 217. U - p. 971 218. V - p. 971 219. W - p. 971 220. X - p. 972 221. Y - p. 972 222. Z - p. 972 223. Index - p. 975
Radiative Heat Transfer, Fourth Edition is a fully updated, revised and practical reference on the basic physics and computational tools scientists and researchers use to solve problems in the broad field of radiative heat transfer. This book is acknowledged as the core reference in the field, providing models, methodologies and calculations essential to solving research problems. It is applicable to a variety of industries, including nuclear, solar and combustion energy, aerospace, chemical and materials processing, as well as environmental, biomedical and nanotechnology fields.
Contemporary examples and problems surrounding sustainable energy, materials and process engineering are an essential addition to this edition.
1. 2.1 Introduction - p. page31 2. 2.2 The Macroscopic Maxwell Equations - p. page31 3. 2.3 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Unbounded Media - p. 32 4. 2.4 Polarization - p. 37 5. 2.5 Reflection and Transmission - p. 41 6. 2.6 Theories for Optical Constants - p. page55 7. Problems - p. 58 8. References - p. 58 9. Chapter 3. Radiative Properties of Real Surfaces - p. 59 10. Abstract - p. 59 11. 3.1 Introduction - p. 60 12. 3.2 Definitions - p. 60 13. 3.3 Predictions from Electromagnetic Wave Theory - p. 70 14. 3.4 Radiative Properties of Metals - p. 72 15. 3.5 Radiative Properties of Nonconductors - p. 80 16. 3.6 Effects of Surface Roughness - p. page85 17. 3.7 Effects of Surface Damage, Oxide Films, and Dust - p. 89 18. 3.8 Radiative Properties of Semitransparent Sheets - p. 90 19. 3.9 Special Surfaces - p. 97 20. 3.10 Earth's Surface Properties and Climate Change - p. 102 21. 3.11 Experimental Methods - p. page105 22. Problems - p. 116 23. References - p. 121 24. Chapter 4. View Factors - p. 127 25. Abstract - p. 127 26. 4.1 Introduction - p. page127 27. 4.2 Definition of View Factors - p. 128 28. 4.3 Methods for the Evaluation of View Factors - p. 131 29. 4.4 Area Integration - p. 132 30. 4.5 Contour Integration - p. 135 31. 4.6 View Factor Algebra - p. 140 32. 4.7 The Crossed-Strings Method - p. 143 33. 4.8 The Inside Sphere Method - p. 148 34. 4.9 The Unit Sphere Method - p. 150 35. 4.10 View Factor Between Arbitrary Planar Polygons - p. 151 36. Problems - p. 154 37. References - p. page158 38. Chapter 5. Radiative Exchange Between Gray, Diffuse Surfaces - p. 161 39. Abstract - p. 161 40. 5.1 Introduction - p. page161 41. 5.2 Radiative Exchange Between Black Surfaces - p. page161 42. 5.3 Radiative Exchange Between Gray, Diffuse Surfaces (Net Radiation Method) - p. 174 43. 5.4 Electrical Network Analogy - p. page174 44. 5.5 Radiation Shields - p. 177 45. 5.6 Solution Methods for the Governing Integral Equations - p. 179 46. Problems - p. 188 47. References - p. 196 48. Chapter 6. Radiative Exchange Between Nondiffuse and Nongray Surfaces - p. 199 49. Abstract - p. 199 50. 6.1 Introduction - p. page199 51. 6.2 Enclosures with Partially Specular Surfaces - p. page199 52. 6.3 Radiative Exchange in the Presence of Partially Specular Surfaces - p. 204 53. 6.4 Semitransparent Sheets (Windows) - p. 211 54. 6.5 Radiative Exchange Between Nongray Surfaces - p. 214 55. 6.6 Directionally Nonideal Surfaces - p. 219 56. 6.7 Analysis for Arbitrary Surface Characteristics - p. 226 57. Problems - p. 227 58. References - p. 233 59. Chapter 7. The Monte Carlo Method for Surface Exchange - p. 235 60. Chapter 8. Surface Radiative Exchange in the Presence of Conduction and Convection - p. 261 61. Chapter 9. The Radiative Transfer Equation in Participating Media (RTE) - p. 285 62. Chapter 10. Radiative Properties of Molecular Gases - p. 311 63. Abstract - p. 311 64. 10.1 Fundamental Principles - p. page311 65. 10.2 Emission and Absorption Probabilities - p. 312 66. 10.3 Atomic and Molecular Spectra - p. 315 67. 10.4 Line Radiation - p. 322 68. 10.5 Nonequilibrium Radiation - p. 330 69. 10.6 High-Resolution Spectroscopic Databases - p. 331 70. 10.7 Spectral Models for Radiative Transfer Calculations - p. 333 71. 10.8 Narrow Band Models - p. 335 72. 10.9 Narrow Band k-Distributions - p. 344 73. 10.10 Wide Band Models - p. 356 74. 10.11 Total Emissivity and Mean Absorption Coefficient - p. 369 75. 10.12 Gas Properties of Earth's Atmosphere and Climate Change - p. 377 76. 10.13 Experimental Methods - p. 381 77. Problems - p. 386 78. References - p. 391 79. Chapter 11. Radiative Properties of Particulate Media - p. 401 80. Abstract - p. 401 81. 11.1 Introduction - p. page401 82. 11.2 Absorption and Scattering from a Single Sphere - p. 402 83. 11.3 Radiative Properties of a Particle Cloud - p. 407 84. 11.4 Radiative Properties of Small Spheres (Rayleigh Scattering) - p. 411 85. 11.5 Rayleigh–Gans Scattering - p. 413 86. 11.6 Anomalous Diffraction - p. 414 87. 11.7 Radiative Properties of Large Spheres - p. 414 88. 11.8 Absorption and Scattering by Long Cylinders - p. 420 89. 11.9 Approximate Scattering Phase Functions - p. 422 90. 11.10 Radiative Properties of Irregular Particles and Aggregates - p. 425 91. 11.11 Radiative Properties of Combustion Particles - p. page426 92. 11.12 Experimental Determination of Radiative Properties of Particles - p. 438 93. Problems - p. page443 94. References - p. 445 95. Chapter 12. Radiative Properties of Semitransparent Media - p. 453 96. Chapter 13. Exact Solutions for One-Dimensional Gray Media - p. 467 97. Abstract - p. 467 98. 13.1 Introduction - p. page467 99. 13.2 General Formulation for a Plane-Parallel Medium - p. page467 100. 13.3 Plane Layer of a Nonscattering Medium - p. 471 101. 13.4 Plane Layer of a Scattering Medium - p. 478 102. 13.5 Plane Layer of a Graded Index Medium - p. 480 103. 13.6 Radiative Transfer in Spherical Media - p. 483 104. 13.7 Radiative Transfer in Cylindrical Media - p. 487 105. 13.8 Numerical Solution of the Governing Integral Equations - p. 490 106. Problems - p. 491 107. References - p. 493 108. Chapter 14. Approximate Solution Methods for One-Dimensional Media - p. 497 109. The Method of Spherical Harmonics (PNPN-Approximation) - p. 513 110. Abstract - p. 513 111. 15.1 Introduction - p. page513 112. 15.2 General Formulation of the PNPN-Approximation - p. page513 113. 15.3 The PNPN-Approximation for a One-Dimensional Slab - p. 514 114. 15.4 Boundary Conditions for the PNPN-Method - p. 516 115. 15.5 The P1P1-Approximation - p. 519 116. 15.6 P3P3- and Higher-Order Approximations - p. 526 117. 15.7 Simplified PNPN-Approximation - p. 539 118. 15.8 Other Methods Based on the P1P1-Approximation - p. 543 119. 15.9 Comparison of Methods - p. 553 120. Problems - p. 556 121. References - p. 558 122. The Method of Discrete Ordinates (SNSN-Approximation) - p. 563 123. Abstract - p. 563 124. 16.1 Introduction - p. page563 125. 16.2 General Relations - p. page563 126. 16.3 The One-Dimensional Slab - p. 566 127. 16.4 One-Dimensional Concentric Spheres and Cylinders - p. 571 128. 16.5 Multidimensional Problems - p. 576 129. 16.6 The Finite Angle Method (FAM) - p. 593 130. 16.7 The Modified Discrete Ordinates Method - p. 602 131. 16.8 Even-Parity Formulation - p. 603 132. 16.9 Other Related Methods - p. 604 133. 16.10 Concluding Remarks - p. 606 134. Problems - p. 606 135. References - p. 608 136. Chapter 17. The Zonal Method - p. 617 137. Abstract - p. 617 138. 17.1 Introduction - p. page617 139. 17.2 Surface Exchange — No Participating Medium - p. page617 140. 17.3 Radiative Exchange in Gray Absorbing/Emitting Media - p. 622 141. 17.4 Radiative Exchange in Gray Media with Isotropic Scattering - p. 628 142. 17.5 Radiative Exchange through a Nongray Medium - p. page634 143. 17.6 Accuracy and Efficiency Considerations - p. 637 144. Problems - p. 637 145. References - p. 638 146. Chapter 18. Collimated Irradiation and Transient Phenomena - p. 641 147. Chapter 19. Solution Methods for Nongray Extinction Coefficients - p. 657 148. Abstract - p. 657 149. 19.1 Introduction - p. page657 150. 19.2 The Mean Beam Length Method - p. 658 151. 19.3 Semigray Approximations - p. page664 152. 19.4 The Stepwise-Gray Model (Box Model) - p. 667 153. 19.5 General Band Model Formulation - p. 673 154. 19.6 The Weighted-Sum-of-Gray-Gases (WSGG) Model - p. page677 155. 19.7 The Spectral-Line-Based Weighted-Sum-of-Gray-Gases (SLW) Model - p. 683 156. 19.8 Outline of k-Distribution Models - p. page686 157. 19.9 The Narrow Band and Wide Band k-Distribution Methods - p. 688 158. 19.10 The Full Spectrum k-Distribution (FSK) Method for Homogeneous Media - p. page690 159. 19.11 The FSK and SLW Methods for Nonhomogeneous Media - p. 696 160. 19.12 Evaluation of k-Distributions and ALBDFs - p. 711 161. 19.13 Higher Order k-Distribution Methods - p. 720 162. Problems - p. 727 163. References - p. 729 164. Chapter 20. The Monte Carlo Method for Participating Media - p. 737 165. Abstract - p. 737 166. 20.1 Introduction - p. page737 167. 20.2 Heat Transfer Relations for Participating Media - p. page737 168. 20.3 Random Number Relations for Participating Media - p. page738 169. 20.4 Treatment of Spectral Line Structure Effects - p. 743 170. 20.5 Overall Energy Conservation - p. 749 171. 20.6 Discrete Particle Fields - p. 750 172. 20.7 Backward Monte Carlo - p. 757 173. 20.8 Efficiency/Accuracy Considerations - p. 760 174. 20.9 Media with Variable Refractive Index - p. 766 175. 20.10 Example Problems - p. 766 176. Problems - p. 769 177. References - p. 770 178. Chapter 21. Radiation Combined with Conduction and Convection - p. 775 179. Abstract - p. 775 180. 21.1 Introduction - p. page775 181. 21.2 Combined Radiation and Conduction - p. page775 182. 21.3 Melting and Solidification with Internal Radiation - p. page784 183. 21.4 Combined Radiation and Convection - p. 790 184. 21.5 General Formulations for Coupling - p. 799 185. Problems - p. 806 186. References - p. 808 187. Chapter 22. Radiation in Chemically Reacting Systems - p. 819 188. Chapter 23. Inverse Radiative Heat Transfer - p. 859 189. Chapter 24. Nanoscale Radiative Transfer - p. 887 190. Appendix A. Constants and Conversion Factors - p. 905 191. Appendix B. Tables for Radiative Properties of Opaque Surfaces - p. 907 192. Appendix C. Blackbody Emissive Power Table - p. 921 193. Appendix D. View Factor Catalogue - p. 925 194. Appendix E. Exponential Integral Functions - p. 941 195. Appendix F. Computer Codes - p. 945 196. Author Index - p. 955 197. A - p. 955 198. B - p. 955 199. C - p. 957 200. D - p. 958 201. E - p. 959 202. F - p. 959 203. G - p. 960 204. H - p. 960 205. I - p. 962 206. J - p. 962 207. K - p. 962 208. L - p. 963 209. M - p. 964 210. N - p. 966 211. O - p. 966 212. P - p. 966 213. Q - p. 967 214. R - p. 967 215. S - p. 968 216. T - p. 970 217. U - p. 971 218. V - p. 971 219. W - p. 971 220. X - p. 972 221. Y - p. 972 222. Z - p. 972 223. Index - p. 975
