A must-have reference for all clinicians who need comprehensive, in-depth advice and recommendations in this complex field, Remington and Klein's Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant, 9th Edition, provides expert coverage from the world’s leading authorities in immunology and infectious diseases. It offers the most up-to-date and complete guidance on infections found in utero, during delivery, and in the neonatal period in both premature and term infants—indispensable information for all clinicians who are involved in the care and well-being of these vulnerable patient populations. Three new associate editors and many new contributing authors bring new insight and a fresh perspective throughout the text.
1. Introduction - p. 21 2. Global burden of neonatal infections - p. 21 3. Selected neonatal infections - p. 29 4. Indirect causes of neonatal death related to infection - p. 40 5. Strategies to prevent and treat infection in the neonate - p. 41 6. Conclusion - p. 47 7. References - p. 48 8. References-online - p. 53 9. 3. Obstetric factors associated with infections of the fetus and newborn infant - p. 54 10. 4. Developmental immunology and role of host defenses in fetal and neonatal susceptibility to infection - p. 73 11. Introduction - p. 74 12. Innate immunity - p. 74 13. Complement and other humoral mediators of innate immunity - p. 75 14. Innate immune pattern recognition receptors and secreted peptides/proteins - p. 81 15. Epithelial cell innate immunity and barrier function - p. 85 16. Phagocytes - p. 89 17. Adaptive immunity - p. 100 18. T cells and antigen presentation - p. 107 19. B cells and immunoglobulin - p. 135 20. References - p. 148 21. References-online - p. 159 22. 5. Human milk - p. 160 23. Introduction - p. 160 24. Developmental anatomy of the mammary gland - p. 160 25. Physiology of lactation - p. 161 26. Components of human milk and their potential benefits for the breastfed infant - p. 163 27. Benefits and risks of human milk - p. 171 28. Current trends in breastfeeding - p. 177 29. Summary and conclusions - p. 178 30. References - p. 179 31. References-online - p. 182 32. SECTION II. Bacterial Infections - p. 183 33. 6. Neonatal bacteremia and sepsis - p. 184 34. Bacteriology - p. 184 35. Epidemiology - p. 191 36. Pathogenesis - p. 193 37. Pathology - p. 206 38. Diagnosis - p. 210 39. Management - p. 214 40. Prevention - p. 219 41. Outcomes - p. 221 42. Conclusion - p. 221 43. References - p. 222 44. References-online - p. 232 45. 7. Meningitis - p. 233 46. 8. Bacterial infections of the respiratory tract - p. 255 47. 9. Bacterial infections of the bones and joints - p. 263 48. Introduction - p. 263 49. Epidemiology - p. 263 50. References - p. 272 51. References-online - p. 273.e1 52. 10. Bacterial infections of the urinary tract - p. 274 53. Introduction - p. 274 54. Epidemiology - p. 274 55. Clinical manifestations - p. 275 56. Microbiology - p. 275 57. Pathogenesis - p. 276 58. Diagnosis - p. 278 59. Management and prevention - p. 281 60. Prognosis - p. 283 61. Acknowledgment - p. 283 62. References - p. 283 63. References-online - p. 285.e1 64. 11. Focal bacterial infections - p. 286 65. Infections of the liver - p. 286 66. Splenic abscess - p. 288 67. Infections of the biliary tract - p. 288 68. Infections of the adrenal glands - p. 289 69. Appendicitis - p. 289 70. Peritonitis - p. 291 71. Necrotizing enterocolitis - p. 295 72. Endocarditis - p. 299 73. Pericarditis - p. 300 74. Mediastinitis - p. 301 75. Esophagitis - p. 302 76. Infections of endocrine organs - p. 302 77. Infections of the salivary glands - p. 302 78. Infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue - p. 303 79. Conjunctivitis and other eye infections - p. 307 80. Acknowledgments - p. 308 81. References - p. 308 82. References-online - p. 309 83. 12. Microorganisms responsible for neonatal diarrhea - p. 310 84. Introduction - p. 310 85. Enteric host defense mechanisms - p. 310 86. Protective factors in human milk - p. 311 87. Bacterial pathogens - p. 312 88. Other bacterial agents and fungi - p. 330 89. Parasites - p. 332 90. Giardia intestinalis - p. 332 91. Viruses - p. 334 92. Differential diagnosis for neonatal infectious diarrhea - p. 338 93. References - p. 339 94. References-online - p. 347 95. 13. Group B streptococcal infections - p. 348 96. Introduction - p. 348 97. Organism - p. 348 98. Epidemiology and transmission - p. 349 99. Immunology and pathogenesis - p. 351 100. Clinical manifestations - p. 360 101. Diagnosis - p. 366 102. Treatment - p. 367 103. Prevention - p. 368 104. Vaccine development - p. 373 105. References - p. 374 106. References-online - p. 378 107. 14. Listeriosis - p. 379 108. 15. Staphylococcal infections - p. 395 109. Introduction - p. 395 110. Epidemiology and transmission - p. 395 111. Microbiology - p. 397 112. Pathogenesis of disease - p. 399 113. Clinical manifestations - p. 405 114. Antibiotic treatment (see also Chapter 37) - p. 413 115. Prevention - p. 415 116. Conclusion - p. 416 117. References - p. 417 118. References-online - p. 419 119. 16. Gonococcal infections - p. 420 120. 17. Syphilis - p. 427 121. Introduction - p. 427 122. Organism - p. 427 123. Transmission - p. 428 124. Epidemiology - p. 430 125. Pathogenesis - p. 433 126. Pathology - p. 436 127. Clinical manifestations - p. 437 128. Diagnosis - p. 445 129. Differential diagnosis - p. 452 130. Therapy - p. 453 131. Follow-up - p. 455 132. Prevention - p. 457 133. Global efforts for eradication - p. 458 134. References - p. 459 135. References-online - p. 462 136. 18. Borrelia infections: Lyme disease and relapsing fever - p. 463 137. 19. Tuberculosis - p. 474 138. 20. Chlamydia infections - p. 495 139. 21. Mycoplasmal infections - p. 501 140. 22. Bordetella pertussis and other Bordetella spp. infections - p. 521 141. SECTION III. Viral Infections - p. 537 142. 23. Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the infant - p. 538 143. Introduction - p. 538 144. Epidemiology - p. 539 145. Mother-to-child transmission - p. 541 146. Molecular biology - p. 545 147. Immunopathogenesis - p. 547 148. Diagnosis - p. 551 149. Revised classification of human immunodeficiency virus infection in children - p. 554 150. Clinical manifestations and pathology - p. 555 151. Prognosis - p. 562 152. Human immunodeficiency virus–exposed uninfected infants - p. 562 153. Treatment - p. 563 154. Prevention - p. 569 155. Challenges, opportunities, and future goals to elimination of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus transmission - p. 583 156. References - p. 585 157. References-online - p. 599 158. 24. Varicella, measles, and mumps - p. 600 159. Introduction - p. 600 160. Varicella and zoster - p. 600 161. Measles - p. 622 162. Mumps - p. 633 163. References - p. 637 164. References-online - p. 639 165. 25. Cytomegalovirus - p. 640 166. Introduction - p. 640 167. The virus - p. 641 168. Epidemiology - p. 646 169. Virologic risk factors and congenital infection - p. 650 170. Maternal immunity and congenital transmission - p. 650 171. Pathogenesis - p. 652 172. Pathology - p. 663 173. Diagnosis - p. 673 174. Differential diagnosis - p. 676 175. Treatment - p. 677 176. Behavioral prevention - p. 680 177. References - p. 681 178. References-online - p. 687 179. 26. Enterovirus and parechovirus infections - p. 688 180. Introduction - p. 688 181. Virology overview - p. 689 182. Epidemiology and transmission - p. 694 183. Clinical manifestations - p. 698 184. Manifestations of specific nonpolio enteroviruses - p. 707 185. Pathogenesis - p. 716 186. Pathology - p. 718 187. Diagnosis of enteroviral and parechoviral infections - p. 720 188. Prognosis after neonatal enteroviral or parechoviral infections - p. 722 189. Therapy - p. 723 190. Prevention - p. 725 191. References - p. 725 192. References-online - p. 727 193. 27. Hepatitis - p. 728 194. Introduction - p. 728 195. Hepatitis A virus - p. 728 196. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus - p. 731 197. Hepatitis C virus - p. 735 198. Hepatitis E virus - p. 738 199. Other hepatotropic viruses - p. 742 200. Conclusion - p. 742 201. References - p. 742 202. References-online - p. 744.e1 203. 28. Herpes simplex virus infections - p. 745 204. Introduction - p. 745 205. Herpes simplex virus - p. 745 206. Epidemiology and transmission - p. 747 207. Immunologic response - p. 751 208. Neonatal infection - p. 751 209. Diagnosis - p. 755 210. Treatment - p. 757 211. Prevention - p. 760 212. Conclusion - p. 763 213. Acknowledgments - p. 763 214. References - p. 763 215. References-online - p. 764.e1 216. 29. Human parvovirus - p. 765 217. 30. Rubella - p. 787 218. Introduction - p. 787 219. Virus - p. 788 220. Epidemiology - p. 791 221. Transmission in utero - p. 793 222. Natural history - p. 795 223. Pathogenesis - p. 800 224. Pathology - p. 801 225. Clinical manifestations - p. 801 226. Laboratory diagnosis - p. 805 227. Management issues - p. 808 228. Prevention of congenital rubella - p. 810 229. References - p. 814 230. References-online - p. 815 231. 31. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) - p. 816 232. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 - p. 816 233. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 - p. 817 234. Epidemiology and transmission - p. 819 235. Maternal infection - p. 822 236. Potential transmission of infection to the fetus - p. 825 237. Incidence of newborn infection - p. 825 238. Neonatal infection - p. 827 239. Diagnosis - p. 828 240. Treatment - p. 829 241. Prevention - p. 829 242. Conclusion - p. 831 243. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children - p. 831 244. Background - p. 831 245. Epidemiology - p. 831 246. Clinical manifestations - p. 832 247. Immunopathogenesis - p. 832 248. Genetic predisposition - p. 835 249. Diagnosis - p. 835 250. Treatment - p. 838 251. Conclusion - p. 838 252. Acknowledgments - p. 839 253. References - p. 839 254. References-online - p. 844 255. 32. Less common viral infections - p. 845 256. SECTION IV. Protozoan, Helminth, and Fungal Infections - p. 859 257. 33. Toxoplasmosis - p. 860 258. Introduction - p. 860 259. Biology of the parasite - p. 861 260. Pathogenesis of congenital toxoplasmosis - p. 869 261. Pathology in congenital toxoplasmosis - p. 874 262. Epidemiology - p. 881 263. Drugs effective against Toxoplasma gondii - p. 884 264. Epidemiology and diagnosis of infections in the mother and the unborn child - p. 890 265. Infection in the unborn child - p. 902 266. Treatment and prevention of infections in the mother and the unborn child - p. 906 267. Infection in the newborn - p. 913 268. Management of congenitally infected children and long-term outcome - p. 921 269. Effectiveness of current approaches to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis and its sequelae - p. 932 270. Proposal for improvement - p. 939 271. Acknowledgments - p. 939 272. References - p. 939 273. References-online - p. 951 274. 34. Chagas disease, malaria, and less common protozoan and helminth infections - p. 952 275. 35. Candidiasis - p. 966 276. Introduction - p. 966 277. Epidemiology and transmission - p. 966 278. Microbiology - p. 967 279. Pathogenesis - p. 969 280. Pathology - p. 971 281. Clinical manifestations - p. 971 282. Candidemia and disseminated candidiasis - p. 974 283. Diagnosis - p. 976 284. Treatment - p. 978 285. Prevention - p. 983 286. References - p. 984 287. References-online - p. 987 288. 36. Pneumocystis - p. 988 289. 37. Less common fungal infections - p. 1001 290. SECTION V. Diagnosis and Management - p. 1013 291. 38. Health care–associated infections in the nursery - p. 1014 292. 39. Laboratory aids for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis - p. 1031 293. 40. Clinical pharmacology of antiinfective drugs - p. 1046 294. Introduction - p. 1046 295. Basics principles of clinical pharmacology - p. 1047 296. Placental transport of antimicrobial drugs - p. 1051 297. Penicillin - p. 1055 298. Ampicillin - p. 1057 299. Anti-staphylococcal treatment - p. 1059 300. Aminoglycosides - p. 1068 301. Cephalosporins - p. 1074 302. Broad-acting agents with activity against pseudomonas or anaerobes (Table 40.9) - p. 1078 303. Antiviral medications - p. 1085 304. Antifungal therapy - p. 1089 305. Conclusions - p. 1097 306. References - p. 1097 307. References-online - p. 1104 308. 41. Prevention of fetal and early life infections through maternal-neonatal immunization - p. 1105 309. 42. Zika virus - p. 1121 310. Introduction - p. 1121 311. Epidemiology - p. 1121 312. Zika virus transmission - p. 1123 313. Virology - p. 1124 314. Pathogenesis - p. 1125 315. Clinical aspects of Zika virus infection - p. 1126 316. Diagnosis and management of pregnant persons - p. 1128 317. Diagnosis and management of infants with antenatal Zika virus exposure - p. 1130 318. Prevention - p. 1134 319. References - p. 1134 320. References-online - p. 1141 321. Index - p. 1142
A must-have reference for all clinicians who need comprehensive, in-depth advice and recommendations in this complex field, Remington and Klein's Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant, 9th Edition, provides expert coverage from the world’s leading authorities in immunology and infectious diseases. It offers the most up-to-date and complete guidance on infections found in utero, during delivery, and in the neonatal period in both premature and term infants—indispensable information for all clinicians who are involved in the care and well-being of these vulnerable patient populations. Three new associate editors and many new contributing authors bring new insight and a fresh perspective throughout the text.
1. Introduction - p. 21 2. Global burden of neonatal infections - p. 21 3. Selected neonatal infections - p. 29 4. Indirect causes of neonatal death related to infection - p. 40 5. Strategies to prevent and treat infection in the neonate - p. 41 6. Conclusion - p. 47 7. References - p. 48 8. References-online - p. 53 9. 3. Obstetric factors associated with infections of the fetus and newborn infant - p. 54 10. 4. Developmental immunology and role of host defenses in fetal and neonatal susceptibility to infection - p. 73 11. Introduction - p. 74 12. Innate immunity - p. 74 13. Complement and other humoral mediators of innate immunity - p. 75 14. Innate immune pattern recognition receptors and secreted peptides/proteins - p. 81 15. Epithelial cell innate immunity and barrier function - p. 85 16. Phagocytes - p. 89 17. Adaptive immunity - p. 100 18. T cells and antigen presentation - p. 107 19. B cells and immunoglobulin - p. 135 20. References - p. 148 21. References-online - p. 159 22. 5. Human milk - p. 160 23. Introduction - p. 160 24. Developmental anatomy of the mammary gland - p. 160 25. Physiology of lactation - p. 161 26. Components of human milk and their potential benefits for the breastfed infant - p. 163 27. Benefits and risks of human milk - p. 171 28. Current trends in breastfeeding - p. 177 29. Summary and conclusions - p. 178 30. References - p. 179 31. References-online - p. 182 32. SECTION II. Bacterial Infections - p. 183 33. 6. Neonatal bacteremia and sepsis - p. 184 34. Bacteriology - p. 184 35. Epidemiology - p. 191 36. Pathogenesis - p. 193 37. Pathology - p. 206 38. Diagnosis - p. 210 39. Management - p. 214 40. Prevention - p. 219 41. Outcomes - p. 221 42. Conclusion - p. 221 43. References - p. 222 44. References-online - p. 232 45. 7. Meningitis - p. 233 46. 8. Bacterial infections of the respiratory tract - p. 255 47. 9. Bacterial infections of the bones and joints - p. 263 48. Introduction - p. 263 49. Epidemiology - p. 263 50. References - p. 272 51. References-online - p. 273.e1 52. 10. Bacterial infections of the urinary tract - p. 274 53. Introduction - p. 274 54. Epidemiology - p. 274 55. Clinical manifestations - p. 275 56. Microbiology - p. 275 57. Pathogenesis - p. 276 58. Diagnosis - p. 278 59. Management and prevention - p. 281 60. Prognosis - p. 283 61. Acknowledgment - p. 283 62. References - p. 283 63. References-online - p. 285.e1 64. 11. Focal bacterial infections - p. 286 65. Infections of the liver - p. 286 66. Splenic abscess - p. 288 67. Infections of the biliary tract - p. 288 68. Infections of the adrenal glands - p. 289 69. Appendicitis - p. 289 70. Peritonitis - p. 291 71. Necrotizing enterocolitis - p. 295 72. Endocarditis - p. 299 73. Pericarditis - p. 300 74. Mediastinitis - p. 301 75. Esophagitis - p. 302 76. Infections of endocrine organs - p. 302 77. Infections of the salivary glands - p. 302 78. Infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue - p. 303 79. Conjunctivitis and other eye infections - p. 307 80. Acknowledgments - p. 308 81. References - p. 308 82. References-online - p. 309 83. 12. Microorganisms responsible for neonatal diarrhea - p. 310 84. Introduction - p. 310 85. Enteric host defense mechanisms - p. 310 86. Protective factors in human milk - p. 311 87. Bacterial pathogens - p. 312 88. Other bacterial agents and fungi - p. 330 89. Parasites - p. 332 90. Giardia intestinalis - p. 332 91. Viruses - p. 334 92. Differential diagnosis for neonatal infectious diarrhea - p. 338 93. References - p. 339 94. References-online - p. 347 95. 13. Group B streptococcal infections - p. 348 96. Introduction - p. 348 97. Organism - p. 348 98. Epidemiology and transmission - p. 349 99. Immunology and pathogenesis - p. 351 100. Clinical manifestations - p. 360 101. Diagnosis - p. 366 102. Treatment - p. 367 103. Prevention - p. 368 104. Vaccine development - p. 373 105. References - p. 374 106. References-online - p. 378 107. 14. Listeriosis - p. 379 108. 15. Staphylococcal infections - p. 395 109. Introduction - p. 395 110. Epidemiology and transmission - p. 395 111. Microbiology - p. 397 112. Pathogenesis of disease - p. 399 113. Clinical manifestations - p. 405 114. Antibiotic treatment (see also Chapter 37) - p. 413 115. Prevention - p. 415 116. Conclusion - p. 416 117. References - p. 417 118. References-online - p. 419 119. 16. Gonococcal infections - p. 420 120. 17. Syphilis - p. 427 121. Introduction - p. 427 122. Organism - p. 427 123. Transmission - p. 428 124. Epidemiology - p. 430 125. Pathogenesis - p. 433 126. Pathology - p. 436 127. Clinical manifestations - p. 437 128. Diagnosis - p. 445 129. Differential diagnosis - p. 452 130. Therapy - p. 453 131. Follow-up - p. 455 132. Prevention - p. 457 133. Global efforts for eradication - p. 458 134. References - p. 459 135. References-online - p. 462 136. 18. Borrelia infections: Lyme disease and relapsing fever - p. 463 137. 19. Tuberculosis - p. 474 138. 20. Chlamydia infections - p. 495 139. 21. Mycoplasmal infections - p. 501 140. 22. Bordetella pertussis and other Bordetella spp. infections - p. 521 141. SECTION III. Viral Infections - p. 537 142. 23. Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the infant - p. 538 143. Introduction - p. 538 144. Epidemiology - p. 539 145. Mother-to-child transmission - p. 541 146. Molecular biology - p. 545 147. Immunopathogenesis - p. 547 148. Diagnosis - p. 551 149. Revised classification of human immunodeficiency virus infection in children - p. 554 150. Clinical manifestations and pathology - p. 555 151. Prognosis - p. 562 152. Human immunodeficiency virus–exposed uninfected infants - p. 562 153. Treatment - p. 563 154. Prevention - p. 569 155. Challenges, opportunities, and future goals to elimination of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus transmission - p. 583 156. References - p. 585 157. References-online - p. 599 158. 24. Varicella, measles, and mumps - p. 600 159. Introduction - p. 600 160. Varicella and zoster - p. 600 161. Measles - p. 622 162. Mumps - p. 633 163. References - p. 637 164. References-online - p. 639 165. 25. Cytomegalovirus - p. 640 166. Introduction - p. 640 167. The virus - p. 641 168. Epidemiology - p. 646 169. Virologic risk factors and congenital infection - p. 650 170. Maternal immunity and congenital transmission - p. 650 171. Pathogenesis - p. 652 172. Pathology - p. 663 173. Diagnosis - p. 673 174. Differential diagnosis - p. 676 175. Treatment - p. 677 176. Behavioral prevention - p. 680 177. References - p. 681 178. References-online - p. 687 179. 26. Enterovirus and parechovirus infections - p. 688 180. Introduction - p. 688 181. Virology overview - p. 689 182. Epidemiology and transmission - p. 694 183. Clinical manifestations - p. 698 184. Manifestations of specific nonpolio enteroviruses - p. 707 185. Pathogenesis - p. 716 186. Pathology - p. 718 187. Diagnosis of enteroviral and parechoviral infections - p. 720 188. Prognosis after neonatal enteroviral or parechoviral infections - p. 722 189. Therapy - p. 723 190. Prevention - p. 725 191. References - p. 725 192. References-online - p. 727 193. 27. Hepatitis - p. 728 194. Introduction - p. 728 195. Hepatitis A virus - p. 728 196. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus - p. 731 197. Hepatitis C virus - p. 735 198. Hepatitis E virus - p. 738 199. Other hepatotropic viruses - p. 742 200. Conclusion - p. 742 201. References - p. 742 202. References-online - p. 744.e1 203. 28. Herpes simplex virus infections - p. 745 204. Introduction - p. 745 205. Herpes simplex virus - p. 745 206. Epidemiology and transmission - p. 747 207. Immunologic response - p. 751 208. Neonatal infection - p. 751 209. Diagnosis - p. 755 210. Treatment - p. 757 211. Prevention - p. 760 212. Conclusion - p. 763 213. Acknowledgments - p. 763 214. References - p. 763 215. References-online - p. 764.e1 216. 29. Human parvovirus - p. 765 217. 30. Rubella - p. 787 218. Introduction - p. 787 219. Virus - p. 788 220. Epidemiology - p. 791 221. Transmission in utero - p. 793 222. Natural history - p. 795 223. Pathogenesis - p. 800 224. Pathology - p. 801 225. Clinical manifestations - p. 801 226. Laboratory diagnosis - p. 805 227. Management issues - p. 808 228. Prevention of congenital rubella - p. 810 229. References - p. 814 230. References-online - p. 815 231. 31. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) - p. 816 232. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 - p. 816 233. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 - p. 817 234. Epidemiology and transmission - p. 819 235. Maternal infection - p. 822 236. Potential transmission of infection to the fetus - p. 825 237. Incidence of newborn infection - p. 825 238. Neonatal infection - p. 827 239. Diagnosis - p. 828 240. Treatment - p. 829 241. Prevention - p. 829 242. Conclusion - p. 831 243. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children - p. 831 244. Background - p. 831 245. Epidemiology - p. 831 246. Clinical manifestations - p. 832 247. Immunopathogenesis - p. 832 248. Genetic predisposition - p. 835 249. Diagnosis - p. 835 250. Treatment - p. 838 251. Conclusion - p. 838 252. Acknowledgments - p. 839 253. References - p. 839 254. References-online - p. 844 255. 32. Less common viral infections - p. 845 256. SECTION IV. Protozoan, Helminth, and Fungal Infections - p. 859 257. 33. Toxoplasmosis - p. 860 258. Introduction - p. 860 259. Biology of the parasite - p. 861 260. Pathogenesis of congenital toxoplasmosis - p. 869 261. Pathology in congenital toxoplasmosis - p. 874 262. Epidemiology - p. 881 263. Drugs effective against Toxoplasma gondii - p. 884 264. Epidemiology and diagnosis of infections in the mother and the unborn child - p. 890 265. Infection in the unborn child - p. 902 266. Treatment and prevention of infections in the mother and the unborn child - p. 906 267. Infection in the newborn - p. 913 268. Management of congenitally infected children and long-term outcome - p. 921 269. Effectiveness of current approaches to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis and its sequelae - p. 932 270. Proposal for improvement - p. 939 271. Acknowledgments - p. 939 272. References - p. 939 273. References-online - p. 951 274. 34. Chagas disease, malaria, and less common protozoan and helminth infections - p. 952 275. 35. Candidiasis - p. 966 276. Introduction - p. 966 277. Epidemiology and transmission - p. 966 278. Microbiology - p. 967 279. Pathogenesis - p. 969 280. Pathology - p. 971 281. Clinical manifestations - p. 971 282. Candidemia and disseminated candidiasis - p. 974 283. Diagnosis - p. 976 284. Treatment - p. 978 285. Prevention - p. 983 286. References - p. 984 287. References-online - p. 987 288. 36. Pneumocystis - p. 988 289. 37. Less common fungal infections - p. 1001 290. SECTION V. Diagnosis and Management - p. 1013 291. 38. Health care–associated infections in the nursery - p. 1014 292. 39. Laboratory aids for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis - p. 1031 293. 40. Clinical pharmacology of antiinfective drugs - p. 1046 294. Introduction - p. 1046 295. Basics principles of clinical pharmacology - p. 1047 296. Placental transport of antimicrobial drugs - p. 1051 297. Penicillin - p. 1055 298. Ampicillin - p. 1057 299. Anti-staphylococcal treatment - p. 1059 300. Aminoglycosides - p. 1068 301. Cephalosporins - p. 1074 302. Broad-acting agents with activity against pseudomonas or anaerobes (Table 40.9) - p. 1078 303. Antiviral medications - p. 1085 304. Antifungal therapy - p. 1089 305. Conclusions - p. 1097 306. References - p. 1097 307. References-online - p. 1104 308. 41. Prevention of fetal and early life infections through maternal-neonatal immunization - p. 1105 309. 42. Zika virus - p. 1121 310. Introduction - p. 1121 311. Epidemiology - p. 1121 312. Zika virus transmission - p. 1123 313. Virology - p. 1124 314. Pathogenesis - p. 1125 315. Clinical aspects of Zika virus infection - p. 1126 316. Diagnosis and management of pregnant persons - p. 1128 317. Diagnosis and management of infants with antenatal Zika virus exposure - p. 1130 318. Prevention - p. 1134 319. References - p. 1134 320. References-online - p. 1141 321. Index - p. 1142
