Bent Sørensen’s Renewable Energy: Physics, Engineering, Environmental Impacts, Economics and Planning, Fifth Edition, continues the tradition by providing a thorough and current overview of the entire renewable energy sphere. Since its first edition, this standard reference source helped put renewable energy on the map of scientific agendas. Several renewable energy solutions no longer form just a marginal addition to energy supply, but have become major players, with the promise to become the backbone of an energy system suitable for life in the sustainability lane.
This volume is a problem-solving tool for engineers, researchers, students, consultants, and planners currently working in the field, as well as a detailed map of the renewables universe for those looking to expand into new technological specialties, offering the most comprehensive coverage of the subject available.
The book has been structured around three parts in order to assist readers in focusing on the issues that impact them the most for a given project or question. PART I covers the basic scientific principles behind all major renewable energy resources, such as solar, wind, and biomass. PART II provides in-depth information about how these raw renewable sources can actually be converted into useful forms, transmitted into the grid, and stored for future utilization. Finally, PART III undertakes the aspects of energy planning, environmental impacts, and socio-economic issues on regional and global levels.
In this new edition, Sørensen presents his audience with updated data about renewables market penetration, current insights on climate change, the most recent available technology for renewable energy conversion, transmission and storage, and revised planning scenarios and the future outlook.
1. Cover image - p. Cover 2. Title page - p. iii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. Preface to fifth edition - p. xvii 6. Preface to fourth edition - p. xix 7. Preface to third edition - p. xxi 8. Preface to second edition - p. xxiii 9. Preface to first edition - p. xxv 10. Units and conversion factors - p. xxvii 11. Part I: Renewable Energy Resources - p. xxix 12. 1. Perspectives on energy resources - p. 3 13. 2. Origin of renewable energy flows - p. 39 14. Abstract - p. 39 15. 2.1 Solar radiation - p. 39 16. 2.2 Disposition of radiation on the Earth - p. 59 17. 2.3 Processes near the surface of the Earth - p. 79 18. 2.4 The energy cycle of the Earth - p. 142 19. 2.5 Inclusion of non-radiative energy flows - p. 176 20. References - p. 211 21. 3. Individual renewable energy sources - p. 219 22. Abstract - p. 219 23. 3.1 Direct solar energy - p. 219 24. 3.2 Wind - p. 246 25. 3.3 Water flows and reservoirs, waves, and tides - p. 265 26. 3.4 Heat flows, reservoirs, and other sources of energy - p. 286 27. 3.5 Biological conversion and stores - p. 308 28. Part I: Mini projects, discussion issues, and exercises - p. 343 29. References - p. 347 30. Part II: Renewable Energy Technologies - p. 347 31. 4. The energy conversion processes - p. 357 32. Abstract - p. 357 33. 4.1 General principles - p. 357 34. 4.2 Heat energy conversion processes - p. 368 35. 4.3 Mechanical energy conversion processes - p. 381 36. 4.4 Solar radiation conversion - p. 434 37. 4.5 Electrochemical energy conversion - p. 505 38. 4.6 Bioenergy conversion processes - p. 519 39. References - p. 554 40. 5. Energy transmission and storage - p. 569 41. Abstract - p. 569 42. 5.1 Energy transmission - p. 569 43. 5.2 Heat storage - p. 575 44. 5.3 Latent heat and chemical transformation storage - p. 591 45. 5.4 High-quality energy storage - p. 600 46. 5.5 Pumped hydro storage - p. 600 47. Part II: Mini projects, discussion issues, and exercises - p. 635 48. References - p. 641 49. Part III: Renewable Energy Impacts: Planning for Sustainability and Climate Change Aversion - p. 641 50. 6. Energy system planning - p. 649 51. Abstract - p. 649 52. 6.1 Methodology of energy planning - p. 649 53. 6.2 Demand scenario construction - p. 653 54. 6.3 Supply scenario construction - p. 682 55. 6.4 Implementation issues - p. 718 56. 6.5 Local systems - p. 723 57. 6.6 Regional systems - p. 771 58. 6.7 Global energy scenarios - p. 828 59. References - p. 843 60. 7. Socioeconomic assessment - p. 851 61. Abstract - p. 851 62. 7.1 Social and economic framework - p. 851 63. 7.2 Scale of analysis - p. 871 64. 7.3 Life-cycle analysis - p. 883 65. References - p. 954 66. 8. Integrated approaches - p. 963 67. Index - p. 983
Bent Sørensen’s Renewable Energy: Physics, Engineering, Environmental Impacts, Economics and Planning, Fifth Edition, continues the tradition by providing a thorough and current overview of the entire renewable energy sphere. Since its first edition, this standard reference source helped put renewable energy on the map of scientific agendas. Several renewable energy solutions no longer form just a marginal addition to energy supply, but have become major players, with the promise to become the backbone of an energy system suitable for life in the sustainability lane.
This volume is a problem-solving tool for engineers, researchers, students, consultants, and planners currently working in the field, as well as a detailed map of the renewables universe for those looking to expand into new technological specialties, offering the most comprehensive coverage of the subject available.
The book has been structured around three parts in order to assist readers in focusing on the issues that impact them the most for a given project or question. PART I covers the basic scientific principles behind all major renewable energy resources, such as solar, wind, and biomass. PART II provides in-depth information about how these raw renewable sources can actually be converted into useful forms, transmitted into the grid, and stored for future utilization. Finally, PART III undertakes the aspects of energy planning, environmental impacts, and socio-economic issues on regional and global levels.
In this new edition, Sørensen presents his audience with updated data about renewables market penetration, current insights on climate change, the most recent available technology for renewable energy conversion, transmission and storage, and revised planning scenarios and the future outlook.
1. Cover image - p. Cover 2. Title page - p. iii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. Preface to fifth edition - p. xvii 6. Preface to fourth edition - p. xix 7. Preface to third edition - p. xxi 8. Preface to second edition - p. xxiii 9. Preface to first edition - p. xxv 10. Units and conversion factors - p. xxvii 11. Part I: Renewable Energy Resources - p. xxix 12. 1. Perspectives on energy resources - p. 3 13. 2. Origin of renewable energy flows - p. 39 14. Abstract - p. 39 15. 2.1 Solar radiation - p. 39 16. 2.2 Disposition of radiation on the Earth - p. 59 17. 2.3 Processes near the surface of the Earth - p. 79 18. 2.4 The energy cycle of the Earth - p. 142 19. 2.5 Inclusion of non-radiative energy flows - p. 176 20. References - p. 211 21. 3. Individual renewable energy sources - p. 219 22. Abstract - p. 219 23. 3.1 Direct solar energy - p. 219 24. 3.2 Wind - p. 246 25. 3.3 Water flows and reservoirs, waves, and tides - p. 265 26. 3.4 Heat flows, reservoirs, and other sources of energy - p. 286 27. 3.5 Biological conversion and stores - p. 308 28. Part I: Mini projects, discussion issues, and exercises - p. 343 29. References - p. 347 30. Part II: Renewable Energy Technologies - p. 347 31. 4. The energy conversion processes - p. 357 32. Abstract - p. 357 33. 4.1 General principles - p. 357 34. 4.2 Heat energy conversion processes - p. 368 35. 4.3 Mechanical energy conversion processes - p. 381 36. 4.4 Solar radiation conversion - p. 434 37. 4.5 Electrochemical energy conversion - p. 505 38. 4.6 Bioenergy conversion processes - p. 519 39. References - p. 554 40. 5. Energy transmission and storage - p. 569 41. Abstract - p. 569 42. 5.1 Energy transmission - p. 569 43. 5.2 Heat storage - p. 575 44. 5.3 Latent heat and chemical transformation storage - p. 591 45. 5.4 High-quality energy storage - p. 600 46. 5.5 Pumped hydro storage - p. 600 47. Part II: Mini projects, discussion issues, and exercises - p. 635 48. References - p. 641 49. Part III: Renewable Energy Impacts: Planning for Sustainability and Climate Change Aversion - p. 641 50. 6. Energy system planning - p. 649 51. Abstract - p. 649 52. 6.1 Methodology of energy planning - p. 649 53. 6.2 Demand scenario construction - p. 653 54. 6.3 Supply scenario construction - p. 682 55. 6.4 Implementation issues - p. 718 56. 6.5 Local systems - p. 723 57. 6.6 Regional systems - p. 771 58. 6.7 Global energy scenarios - p. 828 59. References - p. 843 60. 7. Socioeconomic assessment - p. 851 61. Abstract - p. 851 62. 7.1 Social and economic framework - p. 851 63. 7.2 Scale of analysis - p. 871 64. 7.3 Life-cycle analysis - p. 883 65. References - p. 954 66. 8. Integrated approaches - p. 963 67. Index - p. 983
