The 3rd edition of your #1 go-to resource for veterinary critical care, Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, has been significantly updated to focus specifically on diagnostic and management strategies for the sickest veterinary patients. It covers critical care medical therapy, monitoring, and prognosis — from assessment and stabilization through the entire course of intensive care treatment. To make therapeutic decisions easier, clear and practical guidelines address underlying clinical findings, pathophysiology, outpatient follow-up, and long-term care. Editors Deborah Silverstein and Kate Hopper, along with leading experts from the veterinary emergency and critical care profession, have created this indispensable resource to help you and your team provide the highest standard of care for your critically ill patients.
1. Cover image - p. Cover 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Inside front cover - p. iii 5. End sheet - p. iii 6. End sheet - p. iii 7. End sheet - p. iii 8. Copyright - p. iii 9. Dedication - p. iii 10. Contributors - p. iii 11. Foreword - p. iii 12. Contents - p. iii 13. Video TOC - p. iii 14. List of Illustrations - p. iii 15. List of Tables - p. iii 16. PART I: Key Critical Care Concepts - p. iii 17. Chapter 1: Evaluation and triage of the critically ill patient - p. iii 18. Chapter 2: Physical examination and daily assessment of the critically ill patient - p. 8 19. Chapter 3: Hemostasis - p. 14 20. Chapter 4: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - p. 21 21. Chapter 5: Postcardiac arrest care - p. 29 22. Chapter 6: Classification and initial management of shock states - p. 36 23. Chapter 7: SIRS, MODS, and sepsis - p. 41 24. Chapter 8: Oxygen toxicity - p. 48 25. Chapter 9: The endothelial surface layer - p. 54 26. Chapter 10: Hyperthermia and fever - p. 60 27. Chapter 11: Interstitial edema - p. 66 28. Chapter 12: Patient suffering in the intensive care unit - p. 71 29. Chapter 13: Predictive scoring systems in veterinary medicine - p. 74 30. PART II: Respiratory Disorders - p. 79 31. Chapter 14: Control of breathing - p. 79 32. Chapter 15: Oxygen therapy - p. 84 33. Chapter 16: Hypoxemia - p. 88 34. Chapter 17: Hypoventilation - p. 94 35. Chapter 18: Upper airway disease - p. 100 36. Chapter 19: Tracheal collapse: Management & indications for tracheal stents - p. 112 37. Chapter 20: Feline bronchopulmonary disease - p. 118 38. Chapter 21: Lower airway disease in dogs - p. 121 39. Chapter 22: Pulmonary hypertension - p. 126 40. Chapter 23: Pulmonary edema - p. 131 41. Chapter 24: Pneumonia - p. 137 42. Chapter 25: Acute respiratory distress syndrome - p. 148 43. Chapter 26: Pulmonary contusions and hemorrhage - p. 153 44. Chapter 27: Pulmonary thromboembolism - p. 160 45. Chapter 28: Chest wall disease - p. 165 46. Chapter 29: Pleural space disease - p. 169 47. Chapter 30: Respiratory distress look-alikes - p. 176 48. PART III: Advanced Respiratory Support - p. 180 49. Chapter 31: High flow nasal oxygen - p. 180 50. Chapter 32: Mechanical ventilation—core concepts - p. 184 51. Chapter 33: Mechanical ventilation—advanced concepts - p. 192 52. Chapter 34: Jet ventilation - p. 197 53. Chapter 35: Ventilator waveforms - p. 200 54. Chapter 36: Anesthesia and monitoring of the ventilator patient - p. 211 55. Chapter 37: Nursing care of the ventilator patient - p. 218 56. Chapter 38: Discontinuing mechanical ventilation - p. 222 57. Chapter 39: Ventilator-induced lung injury - p. 226 58. Chapter 40: Ventilator-associated pneumonia - p. 231 59. PART IV: Cardiovascular Disorders - p. 237 60. Chapter 41: Mechanisms of heart failure - p. 237 61. Chapter 42: Ventricular failure and myocardial infarction - p. 242 62. Chapter 43: Feline cardiomyopathy - p. 245 63. Chapter 44: Canine cardiomyopathy - p. 254 64. Chapter 45: Canine myxomatous mitral valve disease - p. 259 65. Chapter 46: Blunt cardiac injury - p. 265 66. Chapter 47: Pericardial diseases - p. 270 67. Chapter 48: Bradyarrhythmias and conduction disturbances - p. 278 68. Chapter 49: Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias - p. 282 69. Chapter 50: Ventricular tachyarrhythmias - p. 290 70. Chapter 51: Myocarditis - p. 295 71. Chapter 52: Cardiac biomarkers - p. 299 72. Chapter 53: Systemic hypertension - p. 303 73. Chapter 54: Cardiopulmonary bypass - p. 308 74. PART V: Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disturbances - p. 315 75. Chapter 55: Sodium disorders - p. 315 76. Chapter 56: Potassium disorders - p. 325 77. Chapter 57: Calcium disorders - p. 332 78. Chapter 58: Magnesium and phosphate disorders - p. 341 79. Chapter 59: Traditional acid-base analysis - p. 349 80. Chapter 60: Nontraditional acid-base analysis - p. 356 81. Chapter 61: Hyperlactatemia - p. 361 82. Chapter 62: Urine osmolality and electrolytes - p. 368 83. PART VI: Fluid Therapy - p. 372 84. Chapter 63: Assessment of hydration - p. 372 85. Chapter 64: Assessment of intravascular volume - p. 377 86. Chapter 65: Crystalloids and hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solutions - p. 385 87. Chapter 66: Colloid solutions - p. 390 88. Chapter 67: Daily intravenous fluid therapy - p. 395 89. Chapter 68: Shock fluids and fluid challenge - p. 401 90. Chapter 69: Transfusion medicine - p. 408 91. Chapter 70: Blood types, pretransfusion compatibility, and transfusion reactions - p. 412 92. Chapter 71: Hemorrhagic shock - p. 421 93. PART VII: Endocrine Disorders - p. 428 94. Chapter 72: The diabetic patient in the ICU - p. 428 95. Chapter 73: Diabetic ketoacidosis - p. 431 96. Chapter 74: Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome - p. 437 97. Chapter 75: Hypoglycemia - p. 443 98. Chapter 76: Diabetes insipidus - p. 450 99. Chapter 77: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion - p. 453 100. Chapter 78: Thyroid storm - p. 456 101. Chapter 79: Hypothyroid crisis in the dog - p. 460 102. Chapter 80: Pheochromocytoma - p. 464 103. Chapter 81: Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency - p. 469 104. Chapter 82: Hypoadrenocorticism - p. 474 105. PART VIII: Neurologic Disorders - p. 479 106. Chapter 83: Neurological evaluation of the ICU patient - p. 479 107. Chapter 84: Seizures and status epilepticus - p. 488 108. Chapter 85: Intracranial hypertension - p. 493 109. Chapter 86: Tetanus - p. 501 110. Chapter 87: Hepatic encephalopathy - p. 505 111. PART IX: Infectious Disorders - p. 509 112. Chapter 88: Hospital-associated infections and zoonoses - p. 509 113. Chapter 89: Febrile neutropenia - p. 512 114. Chapter 90: Sepsis and septic shock - p. 518 115. Chapter 91: Bacterial infections - p. 526 116. Chapter 92: Fungal infections - p. 531 117. Chapter 93: Viral infections - p. 537 118. Chapter 94: Canine parvovirus infection - p. 543 119. Chapter 95: Infective endocarditis - p. 548 120. Chapter 96: Urosepsis - p. 556 121. Chapter 97: Necrotizing soft tissue infections - p. 563 122. Chapter 98: Catheter-related bloodstream infections - p. 568 123. Chapter 99: Multidrug-resistant infections - p. 575 124. Chapter 100: Infectious disease control in the ICU - p. 579 125. PART X: Hematologic Disorders - p. 583 126. Chapter 101: Hypercoagulable states - p. 583 127. Chapter 102: Feline aortic thromboembolism - p. 594 128. Chapter 103: Platelet disorders - p. 596 129. Chapter 104: Coagulopathy in the ICU - p. 607 130. Chapter 105: Management of the bleeding patient in the ICU - p. 614 131. Chapter 106: Anemia in the ICU - p. 618 132. Chapter 107: Dyshemoglobinemias - p. 623 133. Chapter 108: Acute hemolytic disorders - p. 630 134. PART XI: Intraabdominal Disorders - p. 639 135. Chapter 109: Acute abdominal pain - p. 639 136. Chapter 110: Acute pancreatitis - p. 643 137. Chapter 111: Acute cholecystitis - p. 650 138. Chapter 112: Hepatitis and cholangiohepatitis - p. 654 139. Chapter 113: Hepatic failure - p. 659 140. Chapter 114: Portal hypertension - p. 667 141. Chapter 115: Portosystemic shunt management - p. 674 142. Chapter 116: Acute gastroenteritis - p. 679 143. Chapter 117: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage - p. 684 144. Chapter 118: Regurgitation and vomiting - p. 690 145. Chapter 119: Diarrhea - p. 695 146. Chapter 120: Peritonitis - p. 700 147. PART XII: Urogenital Disorders - p. 705 148. Chapter 121: Acute kidney injury - p. 705 149. Chapter 122: Chronic kidney disease - p. 712 150. Chapter 123: Kidney transplantation - p. 718 151. PART XIII: Nutrition - p. 728 152. Chapter 124: Nutritional assessment - p. 728 153. Chapter 125: Nutritional modulation of critical illness - p. 731 154. Chapter 126: Enteral nutrition - p. 739 155. Chapter 127: Parenteral nutrition - p. 745 156. PART XIV: Trauma - p. 750 157. Chapter 128: Traumatic brain injury - p. 750 158. Chapter 129: Wound management - p. 755 159. Chapter 130: Thermal burn injury - p. 764 160. PART XV: Anesthesia and Pain Management - p. 768 161. Chapter 131: Pain assessment - p. 768 162. Chapter 132: Sedation of the critically ill patient - p. 775 163. Chapter 133: Anesthesia in the critically ill patient - p. 777 164. Chapter 134: Analgesia and constant rate infusions - p. 786 165. Chapter 135: Physical rehabilitation for the critical care patient - p. 794 166. Chapter 136: Integrative veterinary medicine for the intensive care unit patient - p. 799 167. PART XVI: Environmental Emergencies - p. 803 168. Chapter 137: Smoke inhalation - p. 803 169. Chapter 138: Hypothermia - p. 809 170. Chapter 139: Heat stroke - p. 816 171. Chapter 140: Drowning and submersion injury - p. 821 172. PART XVII: Miscellaneous Disorders - p. 825 173. Chapter 141: Anaphylaxis - p. 825 174. Chapter 142: Gas embolism - p. 830 175. Chapter 143: Subcutaneous emphysema - p. 834 176. Chapter 144: Ocular disease in the intensive care unit - p. 839 177. Chapter 145: Critically ill neonatal and pediatric patients - p. 844 178. Chapter 146: Critically ill geriatric patients - p. 850 179. PART XVIII: Pharmacology - p. 854 180. Chapter 147: Catecholamines - p. 854 181. Chapter 148: Vasopressin - p. 860 182. Chapter 149: Antihypertensives - p. 866 183. Chapter 150: Pimobendan - p. 871 184. Chapter 151: Diuretics - p. 876 185. Chapter 152: Appetite stimulants - p. 881 186. Chapter 153: Gastrointestinal protectants - p. 885 187. Chapter 154: Antiemetics and prokinetics - p. 889 188. Chapter 155: Opioid agonists and antagonists - p. 894 189. Chapter 156: Benzodiazepines - p. 901 190. Chapter 157: α2-agonists and antagonists - p. 904 191. Chapter 158: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs - p. 910 192. Chapter 159: Gabapentin - p. 918 193. Chapter 160: Tramadol - p. 921 194. Chapter 161: Trazodone - p. 924 195. Chapter 162: Cannabinoid medicine in intensive care unit patients - p. 927 196. Chapter 163: Anticonvulsants - p. 931 197. Chapter 164: Antiplatelet drugs - p. 936 198. Chapter 165: Anticoagulants - p. 942 199. Chapter 166: Thrombolytic agents - p. 950 200. Chapter 167: Hemostatic drugs - p. 955 201. Chapter 168: Antiarrhythmic agents - p. 960 202. Chapter 169: Inhaled medications - p. 966 203. Chapter 170: Complications of chemotherapy agents - p. 971 204. Chapter 171: Antitoxins and antivenoms - p. 977 205. PART XIX: Antimicrobial Therapy - p. 982 206. Chapter 172: Antimicrobial use in the critical care patient - p. 982 207. Chapter 173: β-lactam antimicrobials - p. 990 208. Chapter 174: Aminoglycosides - p. 994 209. Chapter 175: Fluoroquinolones - p. 1000 210. Chapter 176: Antifungal therapy - p. 1006 211. Chapter 177: Miscellaneous antibiotics - p. 1010 212. PART XX: Extracorporeal Therapy - p. 1016 213. Chapter 178: Renal replacement therapies - p. 1016 214. Chapter 179: Apheresis - p. 1021 215. Chapter 180: Extracorporeal therapies for blood purification - p. 1025 216. PART XXI: Monitoring - p. 1029 217. Chapter 181: Hemodynamic monitoring - p. 1029 218. Chapter 182: Cardiac output monitoring - p. 1036 219. Chapter 183: Electrocardiogram evaluation - p. 1042 220. Chapter 184: Oximetry monitoring - p. 1048 221. Chapter 185: Colloid osmotic pressure and osmolality - p. 1053 222. Chapter 186: Coagulation and platelet monitoring - p. 1058 223. Chapter 187: Viscoelastic monitoring - p. 1063 224. Chapter 188: Intraabdominal pressure monitoring - p. 1070 225. Chapter 189: Point-of-care ultrasound in the ICU - p. 1075 226. Chapter 190: Capnography - p. 1092 227. Chapter 191: Intracranial pressure monitoring - p. 1096 228. Chapter 192: Urine output - p. 1102 229. PART XXII: Procedures - p. 1106 230. Chapter 193: Peripheral venous catheterization - p. 1106 231. Chapter 194: Intraosseous catheterization - p. 1111 232. Chapter 195: Central venous catheterization - p. 1116 233. Chapter 196: Blood film evaluation - p. 1124 234. Chapter 197: Endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy - p. 1130 235. Chapter 198: Thoracocentesis - p. 1136 236. Chapter 199: Thoracostomy tube placement and drainage - p. 1140 237. Chapter 200: Abdominocentesis - p. 1145 238. Chapter 201: Arterial catheterization - p. 1148 239. Chapter 202: Blood gas sampling - p. 1152 240. Chapter 203: Temporary cardiac pacing - p. 1156 241. Chapter 204: Cardioversion - p. 1162 242. Chapter 205: Defibrillation - p. 1165 243. Chapter 206: Cerebrospinal fluid sampling and interpretation - p. 1168 244. Chapter 207: Urinary catheterization - p. 1174 245. Chapter 208: Urinary diversion techniques - p. 1180 246. PART XXIII: Intensive Care Unit Design and Management - p. 1186 247. Chapter 209: Intensive care unit facility design - p. 1186 248. Chapter 210: Management of the intensive care unit - p. 1195 249. Chapter 211: Client communication, grief, and veterinary wellness - p. 1199 250. Chapter 212: Prevention of compassion fatigue and burnout - p. 1204 251. Appendices - p. 1211 252. Index - p. 1211 253. End sheet - p. 1211 254. End sheet - p. 1211 255. End sheet - p. 1211
The 3rd edition of your #1 go-to resource for veterinary critical care, Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, has been significantly updated to focus specifically on diagnostic and management strategies for the sickest veterinary patients. It covers critical care medical therapy, monitoring, and prognosis — from assessment and stabilization through the entire course of intensive care treatment. To make therapeutic decisions easier, clear and practical guidelines address underlying clinical findings, pathophysiology, outpatient follow-up, and long-term care. Editors Deborah Silverstein and Kate Hopper, along with leading experts from the veterinary emergency and critical care profession, have created this indispensable resource to help you and your team provide the highest standard of care for your critically ill patients.
1. Cover image - p. Cover 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Inside front cover - p. iii 5. End sheet - p. iii 6. End sheet - p. iii 7. End sheet - p. iii 8. Copyright - p. iii 9. Dedication - p. iii 10. Contributors - p. iii 11. Foreword - p. iii 12. Contents - p. iii 13. Video TOC - p. iii 14. List of Illustrations - p. iii 15. List of Tables - p. iii 16. PART I: Key Critical Care Concepts - p. iii 17. Chapter 1: Evaluation and triage of the critically ill patient - p. iii 18. Chapter 2: Physical examination and daily assessment of the critically ill patient - p. 8 19. Chapter 3: Hemostasis - p. 14 20. Chapter 4: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - p. 21 21. Chapter 5: Postcardiac arrest care - p. 29 22. Chapter 6: Classification and initial management of shock states - p. 36 23. Chapter 7: SIRS, MODS, and sepsis - p. 41 24. Chapter 8: Oxygen toxicity - p. 48 25. Chapter 9: The endothelial surface layer - p. 54 26. Chapter 10: Hyperthermia and fever - p. 60 27. Chapter 11: Interstitial edema - p. 66 28. Chapter 12: Patient suffering in the intensive care unit - p. 71 29. Chapter 13: Predictive scoring systems in veterinary medicine - p. 74 30. PART II: Respiratory Disorders - p. 79 31. Chapter 14: Control of breathing - p. 79 32. Chapter 15: Oxygen therapy - p. 84 33. Chapter 16: Hypoxemia - p. 88 34. Chapter 17: Hypoventilation - p. 94 35. Chapter 18: Upper airway disease - p. 100 36. Chapter 19: Tracheal collapse: Management & indications for tracheal stents - p. 112 37. Chapter 20: Feline bronchopulmonary disease - p. 118 38. Chapter 21: Lower airway disease in dogs - p. 121 39. Chapter 22: Pulmonary hypertension - p. 126 40. Chapter 23: Pulmonary edema - p. 131 41. Chapter 24: Pneumonia - p. 137 42. Chapter 25: Acute respiratory distress syndrome - p. 148 43. Chapter 26: Pulmonary contusions and hemorrhage - p. 153 44. Chapter 27: Pulmonary thromboembolism - p. 160 45. Chapter 28: Chest wall disease - p. 165 46. Chapter 29: Pleural space disease - p. 169 47. Chapter 30: Respiratory distress look-alikes - p. 176 48. PART III: Advanced Respiratory Support - p. 180 49. Chapter 31: High flow nasal oxygen - p. 180 50. Chapter 32: Mechanical ventilation—core concepts - p. 184 51. Chapter 33: Mechanical ventilation—advanced concepts - p. 192 52. Chapter 34: Jet ventilation - p. 197 53. Chapter 35: Ventilator waveforms - p. 200 54. Chapter 36: Anesthesia and monitoring of the ventilator patient - p. 211 55. Chapter 37: Nursing care of the ventilator patient - p. 218 56. Chapter 38: Discontinuing mechanical ventilation - p. 222 57. Chapter 39: Ventilator-induced lung injury - p. 226 58. Chapter 40: Ventilator-associated pneumonia - p. 231 59. PART IV: Cardiovascular Disorders - p. 237 60. Chapter 41: Mechanisms of heart failure - p. 237 61. Chapter 42: Ventricular failure and myocardial infarction - p. 242 62. Chapter 43: Feline cardiomyopathy - p. 245 63. Chapter 44: Canine cardiomyopathy - p. 254 64. Chapter 45: Canine myxomatous mitral valve disease - p. 259 65. Chapter 46: Blunt cardiac injury - p. 265 66. Chapter 47: Pericardial diseases - p. 270 67. Chapter 48: Bradyarrhythmias and conduction disturbances - p. 278 68. Chapter 49: Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias - p. 282 69. Chapter 50: Ventricular tachyarrhythmias - p. 290 70. Chapter 51: Myocarditis - p. 295 71. Chapter 52: Cardiac biomarkers - p. 299 72. Chapter 53: Systemic hypertension - p. 303 73. Chapter 54: Cardiopulmonary bypass - p. 308 74. PART V: Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disturbances - p. 315 75. Chapter 55: Sodium disorders - p. 315 76. Chapter 56: Potassium disorders - p. 325 77. Chapter 57: Calcium disorders - p. 332 78. Chapter 58: Magnesium and phosphate disorders - p. 341 79. Chapter 59: Traditional acid-base analysis - p. 349 80. Chapter 60: Nontraditional acid-base analysis - p. 356 81. Chapter 61: Hyperlactatemia - p. 361 82. Chapter 62: Urine osmolality and electrolytes - p. 368 83. PART VI: Fluid Therapy - p. 372 84. Chapter 63: Assessment of hydration - p. 372 85. Chapter 64: Assessment of intravascular volume - p. 377 86. Chapter 65: Crystalloids and hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solutions - p. 385 87. Chapter 66: Colloid solutions - p. 390 88. Chapter 67: Daily intravenous fluid therapy - p. 395 89. Chapter 68: Shock fluids and fluid challenge - p. 401 90. Chapter 69: Transfusion medicine - p. 408 91. Chapter 70: Blood types, pretransfusion compatibility, and transfusion reactions - p. 412 92. Chapter 71: Hemorrhagic shock - p. 421 93. PART VII: Endocrine Disorders - p. 428 94. Chapter 72: The diabetic patient in the ICU - p. 428 95. Chapter 73: Diabetic ketoacidosis - p. 431 96. Chapter 74: Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome - p. 437 97. Chapter 75: Hypoglycemia - p. 443 98. Chapter 76: Diabetes insipidus - p. 450 99. Chapter 77: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion - p. 453 100. Chapter 78: Thyroid storm - p. 456 101. Chapter 79: Hypothyroid crisis in the dog - p. 460 102. Chapter 80: Pheochromocytoma - p. 464 103. Chapter 81: Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency - p. 469 104. Chapter 82: Hypoadrenocorticism - p. 474 105. PART VIII: Neurologic Disorders - p. 479 106. Chapter 83: Neurological evaluation of the ICU patient - p. 479 107. Chapter 84: Seizures and status epilepticus - p. 488 108. Chapter 85: Intracranial hypertension - p. 493 109. Chapter 86: Tetanus - p. 501 110. Chapter 87: Hepatic encephalopathy - p. 505 111. PART IX: Infectious Disorders - p. 509 112. Chapter 88: Hospital-associated infections and zoonoses - p. 509 113. Chapter 89: Febrile neutropenia - p. 512 114. Chapter 90: Sepsis and septic shock - p. 518 115. Chapter 91: Bacterial infections - p. 526 116. Chapter 92: Fungal infections - p. 531 117. Chapter 93: Viral infections - p. 537 118. Chapter 94: Canine parvovirus infection - p. 543 119. Chapter 95: Infective endocarditis - p. 548 120. Chapter 96: Urosepsis - p. 556 121. Chapter 97: Necrotizing soft tissue infections - p. 563 122. Chapter 98: Catheter-related bloodstream infections - p. 568 123. Chapter 99: Multidrug-resistant infections - p. 575 124. Chapter 100: Infectious disease control in the ICU - p. 579 125. PART X: Hematologic Disorders - p. 583 126. Chapter 101: Hypercoagulable states - p. 583 127. Chapter 102: Feline aortic thromboembolism - p. 594 128. Chapter 103: Platelet disorders - p. 596 129. Chapter 104: Coagulopathy in the ICU - p. 607 130. Chapter 105: Management of the bleeding patient in the ICU - p. 614 131. Chapter 106: Anemia in the ICU - p. 618 132. Chapter 107: Dyshemoglobinemias - p. 623 133. Chapter 108: Acute hemolytic disorders - p. 630 134. PART XI: Intraabdominal Disorders - p. 639 135. Chapter 109: Acute abdominal pain - p. 639 136. Chapter 110: Acute pancreatitis - p. 643 137. Chapter 111: Acute cholecystitis - p. 650 138. Chapter 112: Hepatitis and cholangiohepatitis - p. 654 139. Chapter 113: Hepatic failure - p. 659 140. Chapter 114: Portal hypertension - p. 667 141. Chapter 115: Portosystemic shunt management - p. 674 142. Chapter 116: Acute gastroenteritis - p. 679 143. Chapter 117: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage - p. 684 144. Chapter 118: Regurgitation and vomiting - p. 690 145. Chapter 119: Diarrhea - p. 695 146. Chapter 120: Peritonitis - p. 700 147. PART XII: Urogenital Disorders - p. 705 148. Chapter 121: Acute kidney injury - p. 705 149. Chapter 122: Chronic kidney disease - p. 712 150. Chapter 123: Kidney transplantation - p. 718 151. PART XIII: Nutrition - p. 728 152. Chapter 124: Nutritional assessment - p. 728 153. Chapter 125: Nutritional modulation of critical illness - p. 731 154. Chapter 126: Enteral nutrition - p. 739 155. Chapter 127: Parenteral nutrition - p. 745 156. PART XIV: Trauma - p. 750 157. Chapter 128: Traumatic brain injury - p. 750 158. Chapter 129: Wound management - p. 755 159. Chapter 130: Thermal burn injury - p. 764 160. PART XV: Anesthesia and Pain Management - p. 768 161. Chapter 131: Pain assessment - p. 768 162. Chapter 132: Sedation of the critically ill patient - p. 775 163. Chapter 133: Anesthesia in the critically ill patient - p. 777 164. Chapter 134: Analgesia and constant rate infusions - p. 786 165. Chapter 135: Physical rehabilitation for the critical care patient - p. 794 166. Chapter 136: Integrative veterinary medicine for the intensive care unit patient - p. 799 167. PART XVI: Environmental Emergencies - p. 803 168. Chapter 137: Smoke inhalation - p. 803 169. Chapter 138: Hypothermia - p. 809 170. Chapter 139: Heat stroke - p. 816 171. Chapter 140: Drowning and submersion injury - p. 821 172. PART XVII: Miscellaneous Disorders - p. 825 173. Chapter 141: Anaphylaxis - p. 825 174. Chapter 142: Gas embolism - p. 830 175. Chapter 143: Subcutaneous emphysema - p. 834 176. Chapter 144: Ocular disease in the intensive care unit - p. 839 177. Chapter 145: Critically ill neonatal and pediatric patients - p. 844 178. Chapter 146: Critically ill geriatric patients - p. 850 179. PART XVIII: Pharmacology - p. 854 180. Chapter 147: Catecholamines - p. 854 181. Chapter 148: Vasopressin - p. 860 182. Chapter 149: Antihypertensives - p. 866 183. Chapter 150: Pimobendan - p. 871 184. Chapter 151: Diuretics - p. 876 185. Chapter 152: Appetite stimulants - p. 881 186. Chapter 153: Gastrointestinal protectants - p. 885 187. Chapter 154: Antiemetics and prokinetics - p. 889 188. Chapter 155: Opioid agonists and antagonists - p. 894 189. Chapter 156: Benzodiazepines - p. 901 190. Chapter 157: α2-agonists and antagonists - p. 904 191. Chapter 158: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs - p. 910 192. Chapter 159: Gabapentin - p. 918 193. Chapter 160: Tramadol - p. 921 194. Chapter 161: Trazodone - p. 924 195. Chapter 162: Cannabinoid medicine in intensive care unit patients - p. 927 196. Chapter 163: Anticonvulsants - p. 931 197. Chapter 164: Antiplatelet drugs - p. 936 198. Chapter 165: Anticoagulants - p. 942 199. Chapter 166: Thrombolytic agents - p. 950 200. Chapter 167: Hemostatic drugs - p. 955 201. Chapter 168: Antiarrhythmic agents - p. 960 202. Chapter 169: Inhaled medications - p. 966 203. Chapter 170: Complications of chemotherapy agents - p. 971 204. Chapter 171: Antitoxins and antivenoms - p. 977 205. PART XIX: Antimicrobial Therapy - p. 982 206. Chapter 172: Antimicrobial use in the critical care patient - p. 982 207. Chapter 173: β-lactam antimicrobials - p. 990 208. Chapter 174: Aminoglycosides - p. 994 209. Chapter 175: Fluoroquinolones - p. 1000 210. Chapter 176: Antifungal therapy - p. 1006 211. Chapter 177: Miscellaneous antibiotics - p. 1010 212. PART XX: Extracorporeal Therapy - p. 1016 213. Chapter 178: Renal replacement therapies - p. 1016 214. Chapter 179: Apheresis - p. 1021 215. Chapter 180: Extracorporeal therapies for blood purification - p. 1025 216. PART XXI: Monitoring - p. 1029 217. Chapter 181: Hemodynamic monitoring - p. 1029 218. Chapter 182: Cardiac output monitoring - p. 1036 219. Chapter 183: Electrocardiogram evaluation - p. 1042 220. Chapter 184: Oximetry monitoring - p. 1048 221. Chapter 185: Colloid osmotic pressure and osmolality - p. 1053 222. Chapter 186: Coagulation and platelet monitoring - p. 1058 223. Chapter 187: Viscoelastic monitoring - p. 1063 224. Chapter 188: Intraabdominal pressure monitoring - p. 1070 225. Chapter 189: Point-of-care ultrasound in the ICU - p. 1075 226. Chapter 190: Capnography - p. 1092 227. Chapter 191: Intracranial pressure monitoring - p. 1096 228. Chapter 192: Urine output - p. 1102 229. PART XXII: Procedures - p. 1106 230. Chapter 193: Peripheral venous catheterization - p. 1106 231. Chapter 194: Intraosseous catheterization - p. 1111 232. Chapter 195: Central venous catheterization - p. 1116 233. Chapter 196: Blood film evaluation - p. 1124 234. Chapter 197: Endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy - p. 1130 235. Chapter 198: Thoracocentesis - p. 1136 236. Chapter 199: Thoracostomy tube placement and drainage - p. 1140 237. Chapter 200: Abdominocentesis - p. 1145 238. Chapter 201: Arterial catheterization - p. 1148 239. Chapter 202: Blood gas sampling - p. 1152 240. Chapter 203: Temporary cardiac pacing - p. 1156 241. Chapter 204: Cardioversion - p. 1162 242. Chapter 205: Defibrillation - p. 1165 243. Chapter 206: Cerebrospinal fluid sampling and interpretation - p. 1168 244. Chapter 207: Urinary catheterization - p. 1174 245. Chapter 208: Urinary diversion techniques - p. 1180 246. PART XXIII: Intensive Care Unit Design and Management - p. 1186 247. Chapter 209: Intensive care unit facility design - p. 1186 248. Chapter 210: Management of the intensive care unit - p. 1195 249. Chapter 211: Client communication, grief, and veterinary wellness - p. 1199 250. Chapter 212: Prevention of compassion fatigue and burnout - p. 1204 251. Appendices - p. 1211 252. Index - p. 1211 253. End sheet - p. 1211 254. End sheet - p. 1211 255. End sheet - p. 1211
