Meticulously updated by board-certified oral and maxillofacial radiologist, Dr. Dania Tamimi and her team of sub-specialty experts, Specialty Imaging: Temporomandibular Joint and Sleep-Disordered Breathing, second edition, is a comprehensive reference ideal for anyone involved with TMJ imaging or SDB, including oral and maxillofacial radiologists and surgeons, TMJ/craniofacial pain specialists, sleep medicine specialists, head and neck radiologists, and otolaryngologists. This detailed, beautifully illustrated volume covers recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of both the TMJ and SDB, including how related structures are affected. Employing a multifaceted, multispecialty approach, the clinical perspectives and imaging expertise of today’s research specialists are brought together in a single, image-rich, easy-to-read text.
Reflects the current emphasis on holistic diagnosis and treatment not just of the TMJ but of all related structures that can be adversely affected by any TMJ dysfunction
Examines a variety of presenting clinical signs or symptoms, discusses imaging strategies and the associated conditions revealed by imaging, and helps you develop differential diagnoses
Provides current, detailed information on the relationship between TMJ disorders and SDB, how imaging shows the correlation between the two, and risk factors for SDB
Includes upper respiratory tract diagnoses, with multiple subsections on the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, each with multiple new chapters
Features new chapters on ultrasonography of the TMJ and upper respiratory tract, new content on 3D and 4D modeling and surface rendering, a new section on imaging of upper respiratory tract procedures, and new content detailing the tie-in between occlusion and SDB
Includes an expanded Modalities section that includes new chapters on formulating a TMJ/upper respiratory tract report; plain film imaging of the TMJ and upper respiratory tract; CBCT analysis of the upper respiratory tract; dynamic MR of the TMJ and upper respiratory tract, and ultrasound of the TMJ
Covers the role that TMJ plays in facial growth and development, stomatognathic system function, and how TMJ abnormalities change the dimensions of the facial skeleton and surrounding structures
Contains over 5,000 print and online-only images (more than 300 are new), including radiologic images, full-color medical illustrations, and histologic and gross pathology photographs
Reflects updates to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC-TMD)—the major clinical classification method and a key tool to assess/diagnose TMJ issues and facilitate communication for consultants, referrals, and prognoses
1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 385 2. Chapter 52: Imaging Decision Making - p. 385 3. HARD TISSUE IMAGING - p. 389 4. Chapter 53: Plain Film Imaging of TMJ - p. 389 5. Chapter 54: Plain Film Imaging of Upper Respiratory Tract - p. 395 6. Chapter 55: Arthrography - p. 397 7. Chapter 56: Introduction to CBCT Imaging - p. 399 8. Chapter 57: CBCT Analysis of TMJ - p. 407 9. Chapter 58: CBCT Analysis of Upper Respiratory Tract - p. 413 10. Chapter 59: Radiation Dose in CBCT - p. 423 11. Chapter 60: Introduction to MDCT Imaging - p. 427 12. Chapter 61: MCDT Image Acquisition and Processing for TMJ and Airway Analysis - p. 433 13. SOFT TISSUE IMAGING - p. 441 14. Chapter 62: Introduction to MR Imaging - p. 441 15. Chapter 63: Dynamic MR of TMJ and Upper Respiratory Tract - p. 449 16. Chapter 64: Quantitative MR of Cartilage and Implications for TMJ Imaging - p. 453 17. Chapter 65: Introduction to US Imaging - p. 459 18. Chapter 66: US of TMJ and Upper Respiratory Tract - p. 467 19. Chapter 67: Arthroscopy - p. 473 20. SECTION 4: TMJ DIAGNOSES - p. 479 21. CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF TMD - p. 479 22. Chapter 68: Correlation of Clinical Symptoms of TMD to Radiographic Findings - p. 479 23. Chapter 69: Functional Disorders of Muscles - p. 493 24. Chapter 70: Intracapsular Disorders of TMJ - p. 499 25. CONGENITAL CONDITIONS - p. 507 26. Chapter 71: Craniofacial Malformations and Syndromes Affecting TMJ - p. 507 27. Chapter 72: Hemifacial Microsomia - p. 519 28. Chapter 73: Pierre Robin Sequence - p. 523 29. Chapter 74: Treacher Collins Syndrome - p. 527 30. DEVELOPMENTAL CONDITIONS - p. 529 31. Chapter 75: Condylar Hypoplasia - p. 529 32. Chapter 76: Condylar Hyperplasia - p. 533 33. Chapter 77: Coronoid Hyperplasia - p. 539 34. Chapter 78: Hemimandibular Elongation - p. 543 35. Chapter 79: Mandibular Salivary Gland Defect (Stafne) - p. 547 36. Chapter 80: Foramen Tympanicum - p. 549 37. TRAUMA - p. 551 38. Chapter 81: TMJ Fracture, Adult and Neonatal - p. 551 39. Chapter 82: TMJ Dislocation - p. 557 40. Chapter 83: Bifid Condyle - p. 559 41. Chapter 84: Osteochondritis Dissecans - p. 563 42. INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS - p. 565 43. Chapter 85: Rheumatoid Arthritis - p. 565 44. Chapter 86: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - p. 571 45. Chapter 87: Septic Arthritis - p. 577 46. Chapter 88: Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis - p. 581 47. Chapter 89: Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis - p. 583 48. DEGENERATIVE CONDITIONS - p. 587 49. Chapter 90: Degenerative Joint Disease - p. 587 50. Chapter 91: Idiopathic Condylar Resorption - p. 591 51. Chapter 92: Synovial Cyst - p. 597 52. Chapter 93: TMJ Ganglion Cyst - p. 599 53. DISC DERANGEMENT CONDITIONS - p. 601 54. Chapter 94: MR Analysis of Normal TMJ Disc - p. 601 55. Chapter 95: Fine Structural Details of Disc and Posterior Attachment - p. 605 56. Chapter 96: Overview of Disc Displacements - p. 611 57. Chapter 97: Disc Displacement With Reduction - p. 617 58. Chapter 98: Disc Displacement Without Reduction - p. 623 59. Chapter 99: Joint Fluid and Marrow Alterations - p. 629 60. Chapter 100: Adhesions - p. 635 61. Chapter 101: US of TMJ Internal Derangement - p. 637 62. ACQUIRED CONDITIONS - p. 643 63. Chapter 102: Dual Bite - p. 643 64. Chapter 103: Posterior Tooth Fulcrum Formation - p. 649 65. Chapter 104: Fibrous Ankylosis - p. 653 66. Chapter 105: Bony Ankylosis - p. 655 67. Chapter 106: Osteoradionecrosis - p. 657 68. TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS - p. 661 69. Chapter 107: Primary Synovial Chondromatosis - p. 661 70. Chapter 108: Secondary Synovial Chondromatosis - p. 665 71. Chapter 109: Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition - p. 667 72. BENIGN NEOPLASMS - p. 671 73. Chapter 110: Osteochondroma - p. 671 74. Chapter 111: Osteoma - p. 677 75. MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS - p. 679 76. Chapter 112: Chondrosarcoma - p. 679 77. Chapter 113: Osteosarcoma - p. 683 78. Chapter 114: Metastasis - p. 685 79. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 687 80. Chapter 115: Simple Bone Cyst - p. 687 81. Chapter 116: Aneurysmal Bone Cyst - p. 689 82. Chapter 117: Fibrous Dysplasia - p. 693 83. OCCLUSAL STRESS-RELATED CONDITIONS - p. 697 84. Chapter 118: Attrition - p. 697 85. Chapter 119: Abfraction - p. 699 86. Chapter 120: Hypercementosis - p. 700 87. Chapter 121: Cemental Fractures - p. 701 88. Chapter 122: Alveolar Process Exostosis - p. 703 89. Chapter 123: Torus Mandibularis - p. 705 90. Chapter 124: Torus Palatinus - p. 707 91. SECTION 5: TMJ DISORDER MIMICS - p. 709 92. ORAL CONDITIONS AFFECTING/MIMICKING TMD - p. 709 93. Chapter 125: Odontogenic Infection of Pulpal Origin - p. 709 94. Chapter 126: Oral Cavity Soft Tissue Infections - p. 715 95. Chapter 127: Osteomyelitis of Jaw - p. 719 96. Chapter 128: Perineural Tumor Spread - p. 723 97. TMD AND TEMPORAL BONE ABNORMALITIES - p. 727 98. Chapter 129: Temporal Bone and Cervical Disorders Mimicking TMD - p. 727 99. Chapter 130: Temporal Bone Anatomy and Imaging Issues - p. 735 100. Chapter 131: EAC-Acquired Cholesteatoma - p. 741 101. Chapter 132: Necrotizing External Otitis - p. 742 102. Chapter 133: Keratosis Obturans - p. 743 103. Chapter 134: EAC Osteoma - p. 744 104. Chapter 135: Medial Canal Fibrosis - p. 745 105. Chapter 136: EAC Basal Cell Carcinoma - p. 746 106. Chapter 137: EAC Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 747 107. Chapter 138: Acute Otomastoiditis With Abscess - p. 748 108. Chapter 139: Acute Otomastoiditis With Coalescent Otomastoiditis - p. 749 109. Chapter 140: Labyrinthitis - p. 750 110. Chapter 141: Pars Flaccida Cholesteatoma - p. 751 111. Chapter 142: Temporal Bone Fibrous Dysplasia - p. 752 112. Chapter 143: Temporal Bone Fractures - p. 753 113. Chapter 144: Temporal Bone Perineural Parotid Malignancy - p. 755 114. CERVICAL SPINE ABNORMALITIES RELATED TO TMD OR SDB - p. 757 115. Chapter 145: Degenerative Arthritis of CVJ - p. 757 116. Chapter 146: Cervical Spondylosis - p. 761 117. Chapter 147: Cervical Facet Arthropathy - p. 762 118. Chapter 148: Ankylosing Spondylitis - p. 763 119. Chapter 149: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Cervical Spine - p. 765 120. Chapter 150: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Cervical Spine - p. 769 121. Chapter 151: Ligamentous Injury - p. 770 122. Chapter 152: Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament - p. 771 123. Chapter 153: Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis - p. 772 124. Chapter 154: Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition, Cervical Spine - p. 773 125. Chapter 155: Longus Colli Calcific Tendinitis - p. 774 126. MASTICATOR SPACE CONDITIONS - p. 775 127. Chapter 156: Masticator Space Overview - p. 775 128. Chapter 157: Pterygoid Venous Plexus Asymmetry - p. 779 129. Chapter 158: Benign Masticator Muscle Hypertrophy - p. 780 130. Chapter 159: CNV3 Motor Denervation - p. 781 131. Chapter 160: Masticator Space Abscess - p. 783 132. Chapter 161: Masticator Space CNV3 Schwannoma - p. 785 133. Chapter 162: Masticator Space CNV3 Perineural Tumor - p. 786 134. Chapter 163: Masticator Space Chondrosarcoma - p. 787 135. Chapter 164: Masticator Space Sarcoma - p. 789 136. NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS - p. 791 137. Chapter 165: Bell Palsy - p. 791 138. Chapter 166: Hemifacial Spasm - p. 792 139. Chapter 167: Trigeminal Neuralgia - p. 793 140. SECTION 6: SDB-RELATED UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT DIAGNOSES - p. 795 141. CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF SDB - p. 795 142. Chapter 168: Classification of SDB Disorders - p. 795 143. Chapter 169: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of SDB - p. 799 144. Chapter 170: Correlation of Clinical Symptoms of SDB to Radiographic Findings - p. 805 145. Chapter 171: Nasal Risk Factors for SDB - p. 807 146. Chapter 172: Paranasal Sinus Risk Factors for SDB - p. 809 147. Chapter 173: Nasopharyngeal Risk Factors for SDB - p. 811 148. Chapter 174: Oropharyngeal Risk Factors for SDB - p. 813 149. Chapter 175: Cervical Spine-Related Risk Factors for SDB - p. 815 150. CONGENITAL CONDITIONS THAT CARRY RISK FOR SDB - p. 817 151. Chapter 176: Cleft Lip and Palate - p. 817 152. Chapter 177: Craniosynostoses (Crouzon) - p. 821 153. Chapter 178: Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) - p. 823 154. Chapter 179: Klippel-Feil Spectrum - p. 825 155. Chapter 180: Mucopolysaccharidosis - p. 829 156. Chapter 181: CHARGE Syndrome - p. 830 157. Chapter 182: Cherubism - p. 831 158. SINONASAL COMPLEX ENTITIES THAT NARROW AIRWAY - p. 833 159. Chapter 183: Nasal Cycle, Normal Physiology - p. 833 160. ANOMALIES AND CONGENITAL CONDITIONS, SINONASAL - p. 835 161. Chapter 184: Deviated Nasal Septum - p. 835 162. Chapter 185: Concha Bullosa - p. 837 163. Chapter 186: Accessory Ostia - p. 839 164. Chapter 187: Sinus Hypoplasia/Aplasia - p. 841 165. Chapter 188: Nasolacrimal Duct Mucocele - p. 845 166. Chapter 189: Choanal Atresia - p. 846 167. Chapter 190: Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis - p. 847 168. Chapter 191: Nasal Glioma - p. 848 169. Chapter 192: Nasal Dermal Sinus - p. 849 170. Chapter 193: Frontoethmoidal Cephalocele - p. 850 171. Chapter 194: Upper Airway Infantile Hemangioma - p. 851 172. Chapter 195: Skull Base CSF Leak - p. 852 173. INFLAMMATORY CHANGES, SINONASAL - p. 853 174. Chapter 196: Acute Rhinosinusitis - p. 853 175. Chapter 197: Chronic Rhinosinusitis - p. 857 176. Chapter 198: Allergic Fungal Sinusitis - p. 858 177. Chapter 199: Odontogenic Sinusitis - p. 859 178. Chapter 200: Sinus Mycetoma - p. 861 179. Chapter 201: Invasive Fungal Sinusitis - p. 862 180. Chapter 202: Sinonasal Polyposis - p. 863 181. Chapter 203: Solitary Sinonasal Polyp - p. 864 182. Chapter 204: Sinonasal Mucocele - p. 865 183. Chapter 205: Mucus Retention Pseudocyst - p. 869 184. Chapter 206: Sinonasal Organized Hematoma - p. 871 185. Chapter 207: Silent Sinus Syndrome - p. 872 186. Chapter 208: Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener) - p. 873 187. Chapter 209: Nasal Cocaine Necrosis - p. 874 188. BENIGN LESIONS, SINONASAL - p. 875 189. Chapter 210: Sinonasal Fibrous Dysplasia - p. 875 190. Chapter 211: Sinonasal Osteoma - p. 876 191. Chapter 212: Sinonasal Ossifying Fibroma - p. 877 192. Chapter 213: Juvenile Angiofibroma - p. 878 193. Chapter 214: Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma - p. 879 194. Chapter 215: Sinonasal Hemangioma - p. 880 195. Chapter 216: Sinonasal Nerve Sheath Tumor - p. 881 196. Chapter 217: Sinonasal Benign Mixed Tumor - p. 882 197. MALIGNANT LESIONS, SINONASAL - p. 883 198. Chapter 218: Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 883 199. Chapter 219: Esthesioneuroblastoma - p. 887 200. Chapter 220: Sinonasal Melanoma - p. 888 201. Chapter 221: Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma - p. 889 202. Chapter 222: Sinonasal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma - p. 890 203. Chapter 223: Sinonasal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma - p. 891 204. Chapter 224: Sinonasal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma - p. 892 205. Chapter 225: Sinonasal Chondrosarcoma - p. 893 206. Chapter 226: Sinonasal Osteosarcoma - p. 894 207. Chapter 227: Rhabdomyosarcoma - p. 895 208. Chapter 228: Skull Base Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis - p. 896 209. NASOPHARYNGEAL ENTITIES THAT NARROW AIRWAY - p. 897 210. ANOMALIES AND CONGENITAL CONDITIONS, NASOPHARYNX - p. 897 211. Chapter 229: Tornwaldt Cyst - p. 897 212. Chapter 230: Fossa Navicularis Magna - p. 898 213. Chapter 231: Persistent Craniopharyngeal Canal - p. 899 214. INFLAMMATORY CHANGES, NASOPHARYNX - p. 900 215. Chapter 232: Suppurative Adenopathy of Retropharyngeal Space - p. 900 216. Chapter 233: Adenoid Vegetation/Hypertrophy - p. 901 217. BENIGN LESIONS, NASOPHARYNX - p. 905 218. Chapter 234: Benign Mixed Tumor of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space - p. 905 219. Chapter 235: Plexiform Neurofibroma of Head and Neck - p. 906 220. Chapter 236: Posttransplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorder - p. 907 221. Chapter 237: Sinus Histiocytosis (Rosai-Dorfman) of Head and Neck - p. 908 222. Chapter 238: Invasive Pituitary Macroadenoma - p. 909 223. MALIGNANT LESIONS, NASOPHARYNX - p. 910 224. Chapter 239: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - p. 910 225. Chapter 240: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space - p. 911 226. Chapter 241: Extraosseous Chordoma - p. 912 227. Chapter 242: Skull Base Plasmacytoma - p. 913 228. OROPHARYNGEAL ENTITIES THAT NARROW AIRWAY - p. 914 229. ANOMALIES AND CONGENITAL CONDITIONS, OROPHARYNX - p. 914 230. Chapter 243: Congenital Vallecular Cyst - p. 914 231. Chapter 244: Thyroglossal Duct Cyst - p. 915 232. Chapter 245: Lingual Thyroid - p. 916 233. INFLAMMATORY CHANGES, OROPHARYNX - p. 917 234. Chapter 246: Retropharyngeal Space Abscess - p. 917 235. Chapter 247: Retention Cyst of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space - p. 918 236. Chapter 248: Tonsillar Inflammation - p. 919 237. Chapter 249: Tonsillar/Peritonsillar Abscess - p. 920 238. BENIGN LESIONS, OROPHARYNX - p. 921 239. Chapter 250: Parotid Benign Mixed Tumor - p. 921 240. Chapter 251: Carotid Space Schwannoma - p. 922 241. Chapter 252: Parapharyngeal Space Benign Mixed Tumor - p. 923 242. MALIGNANT LESIONS, OROPHARYNX - p. 924 243. Chapter 253: Parotid Malignant Mixed Tumor - p. 924 244. Chapter 254: Nodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Retropharyngeal Space - p. 925 245. Chapter 255: Minor Salivary Gland Malignancy of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space - p. 926 246. Chapter 256: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Head and Neck - p. 927 247. Chapter 257: Base of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 928 248. Chapter 258: Palatine Tonsil Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 929 249. Chapter 259: Nodal Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Retropharyngeal Space - p. 930 250. Chapter 260: Soft Palate Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 931 251. Chapter 261: HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 933 252. SECTION 7: TMJ RADIOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 935 253. CONDYLAR POSITION - p. 935 254. Chapter 262: Anterior Condylar Position - p. 935 255. Chapter 263: Posterior Condylar Position - p. 943 256. Chapter 264: Superior Condylar Position - p. 949 257. Chapter 265: Inferior Condylar Position - p. 955 258. CHANGES IN CONDYLAR AND CORONOID SIZE - p. 961 259. Chapter 266: Small Condyle - p. 961 260. Chapter 267: Large Condyle - p. 967 261. Chapter 268: Large Coronoid Process - p. 971 262. CONDYLAR EROSION - p. 973 263. Chapter 269: Well-Defined Erosion - p. 973 264. Chapter 270: Poorly Defined Erosion - p. 979 265. CHANGES IN TMJ DENSITY - p. 983 266. Chapter 271: TMJ Low-Density Entities - p. 983 267. Chapter 272: TMJ High-Density Entities - p. 985 268. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 989 269. Chapter 273: Calcifications Associated With the TMJ - p. 989 270. Chapter 274: Soft Tissue Calcifications, Head and Neck - p. 991 271. SECTION 8: TMJ CLINICAL DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 995 272. RANGE OF MOTION - p. 995 273. Chapter 275: Limited Oral Opening - p. 995 274. Chapter 276: Hypermobility - p. 1003 275. SOUNDS - p. 1005 276. Chapter 277: Joint Sounds - p. 1005 277. Chapter 278: Tinnitus - p. 1007 278. OCCLUSION/SYMMETRY CHANGES - p. 1013 279. Chapter 279: Asymmetry - p. 1013 280. Chapter 280: Anterior Open Bite - p. 1019 281. Chapter 281: Posterior Open Bite - p. 1025 282. SECTION 9: SDB RISK FACTORS, RADIOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 1031 283. NASAL CAVITY AND PARANASAL SINUSES - p. 1031 284. Chapter 282: Blocked Nasal Valves - p. 1031 285. Chapter 283: Large Nasal Turbinates - p. 1037 286. Chapter 284: Sinonasal Fibroosseous and Cartilaginous Lesions - p. 1041 287. Chapter 285: Paranasal Sinus Lesions Without Bony Destruction - p. 1043 288. Chapter 286: Paranasal Sinus Lesions With Bony Destruction - p. 1047 289. Chapter 287: Perforated Nasal Septum - p. 1051 290. Chapter 288: Nasal Lesion Without Bony Destruction - p. 1053 291. Chapter 289: Nasal Lesion With Bony Destruction - p. 1057 292. NASOPHARYNX - p. 1061 293. Chapter 290: Soft Tissue Entities in Nasopharynx - p. 1061 294. OROPHARYNX - p. 1067 295. Chapter 291: Soft Tissue Enlargement of Lateral Pharyngeal Wall - p. 1067 296. Chapter 292: Soft Tissue Between Tongue and Epiglottis - p. 1071 297. SECTION 10: SDB RISK FACTORS, CLINICAL DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 1075 298. CHANGES IN CRANIOFACIAL MORPHOLOGY AND POSITION - p. 1075 299. Chapter 293: Convex Facial Profile - p. 1075 300. Chapter 294: Small Maxilla - p. 1079 301. Chapter 295: Forward Head Posture - p. 1081 302. CHANGES IN BREATHING PATTERN - p. 1083 303. Chapter 296: Nasal Obstruction - p. 1083 304. CHANGES IN TEETH - p. 1087 305. Chapter 297: Flared and Proclined Teeth - p. 1087 306. Chapter 298: Crossbite - p. 1091 307. OTHER FACIAL CHANGES - p. 1095 308. Chapter 299: Dark Circles Under Eyes - p. 1095 309. SECTION 11: IMAGING OF TMJ PROCEDURES - p. 1097 310. OROFACIAL PAIN AND TMJ INJECTIONS - p. 1097 311. Chapter 300: TMJ Injection - p. 1097 312. Chapter 301: Trigeminal Nerve Injection - p. 1101 313. Chapter 302: Scalp Block for Migraines and Facial Pain - p. 1105 314. Chapter 303: Trigger Points - p. 1109 315. TMJ SURGERY - p. 1111 316. Chapter 304: Total Joint Replacement - p. 1111 317. Chapter 305: TMJ Disc Replacement - p. 1123 318. Chapter 306: TMJ Arthroscopic Surgery Cascade - p. 1125 319. SECTION 12: IMAGING OF SURGICAL PROCEDURES FOR SDB - p. 1129 320. SINONASAL PROCEDURES - p. 1129 321. Chapter 307: Septoplasty and Turbinate Reduction - p. 1129 322. Chapter 308: Adenoidectomy - p. 1133 323. Chapter 309: Tonsillectomy - p. 1135 324. MAXILLARY-MANDIBULAR ADVANCEMENT - p. 1137 325. Chapter 310: Introduction to Orthognathic Surgery - p. 1137 326. Chapter 311: LeFort 1 Osteotomy - p. 1143 327. Chapter 312: Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomies - p. 1147 328. Chapter 313: MMA for Obstructive Sleep Apnea - p. 1153 329. INDEX - p. 1157
Meticulously updated by board-certified oral and maxillofacial radiologist, Dr. Dania Tamimi and her team of sub-specialty experts, Specialty Imaging: Temporomandibular Joint and Sleep-Disordered Breathing, second edition, is a comprehensive reference ideal for anyone involved with TMJ imaging or SDB, including oral and maxillofacial radiologists and surgeons, TMJ/craniofacial pain specialists, sleep medicine specialists, head and neck radiologists, and otolaryngologists. This detailed, beautifully illustrated volume covers recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of both the TMJ and SDB, including how related structures are affected. Employing a multifaceted, multispecialty approach, the clinical perspectives and imaging expertise of today’s research specialists are brought together in a single, image-rich, easy-to-read text.
Reflects the current emphasis on holistic diagnosis and treatment not just of the TMJ but of all related structures that can be adversely affected by any TMJ dysfunction
Examines a variety of presenting clinical signs or symptoms, discusses imaging strategies and the associated conditions revealed by imaging, and helps you develop differential diagnoses
Provides current, detailed information on the relationship between TMJ disorders and SDB, how imaging shows the correlation between the two, and risk factors for SDB
Includes upper respiratory tract diagnoses, with multiple subsections on the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, each with multiple new chapters
Features new chapters on ultrasonography of the TMJ and upper respiratory tract, new content on 3D and 4D modeling and surface rendering, a new section on imaging of upper respiratory tract procedures, and new content detailing the tie-in between occlusion and SDB
Includes an expanded Modalities section that includes new chapters on formulating a TMJ/upper respiratory tract report; plain film imaging of the TMJ and upper respiratory tract; CBCT analysis of the upper respiratory tract; dynamic MR of the TMJ and upper respiratory tract, and ultrasound of the TMJ
Covers the role that TMJ plays in facial growth and development, stomatognathic system function, and how TMJ abnormalities change the dimensions of the facial skeleton and surrounding structures
Contains over 5,000 print and online-only images (more than 300 are new), including radiologic images, full-color medical illustrations, and histologic and gross pathology photographs
Reflects updates to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC-TMD)—the major clinical classification method and a key tool to assess/diagnose TMJ issues and facilitate communication for consultants, referrals, and prognoses
1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 385 2. Chapter 52: Imaging Decision Making - p. 385 3. HARD TISSUE IMAGING - p. 389 4. Chapter 53: Plain Film Imaging of TMJ - p. 389 5. Chapter 54: Plain Film Imaging of Upper Respiratory Tract - p. 395 6. Chapter 55: Arthrography - p. 397 7. Chapter 56: Introduction to CBCT Imaging - p. 399 8. Chapter 57: CBCT Analysis of TMJ - p. 407 9. Chapter 58: CBCT Analysis of Upper Respiratory Tract - p. 413 10. Chapter 59: Radiation Dose in CBCT - p. 423 11. Chapter 60: Introduction to MDCT Imaging - p. 427 12. Chapter 61: MCDT Image Acquisition and Processing for TMJ and Airway Analysis - p. 433 13. SOFT TISSUE IMAGING - p. 441 14. Chapter 62: Introduction to MR Imaging - p. 441 15. Chapter 63: Dynamic MR of TMJ and Upper Respiratory Tract - p. 449 16. Chapter 64: Quantitative MR of Cartilage and Implications for TMJ Imaging - p. 453 17. Chapter 65: Introduction to US Imaging - p. 459 18. Chapter 66: US of TMJ and Upper Respiratory Tract - p. 467 19. Chapter 67: Arthroscopy - p. 473 20. SECTION 4: TMJ DIAGNOSES - p. 479 21. CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF TMD - p. 479 22. Chapter 68: Correlation of Clinical Symptoms of TMD to Radiographic Findings - p. 479 23. Chapter 69: Functional Disorders of Muscles - p. 493 24. Chapter 70: Intracapsular Disorders of TMJ - p. 499 25. CONGENITAL CONDITIONS - p. 507 26. Chapter 71: Craniofacial Malformations and Syndromes Affecting TMJ - p. 507 27. Chapter 72: Hemifacial Microsomia - p. 519 28. Chapter 73: Pierre Robin Sequence - p. 523 29. Chapter 74: Treacher Collins Syndrome - p. 527 30. DEVELOPMENTAL CONDITIONS - p. 529 31. Chapter 75: Condylar Hypoplasia - p. 529 32. Chapter 76: Condylar Hyperplasia - p. 533 33. Chapter 77: Coronoid Hyperplasia - p. 539 34. Chapter 78: Hemimandibular Elongation - p. 543 35. Chapter 79: Mandibular Salivary Gland Defect (Stafne) - p. 547 36. Chapter 80: Foramen Tympanicum - p. 549 37. TRAUMA - p. 551 38. Chapter 81: TMJ Fracture, Adult and Neonatal - p. 551 39. Chapter 82: TMJ Dislocation - p. 557 40. Chapter 83: Bifid Condyle - p. 559 41. Chapter 84: Osteochondritis Dissecans - p. 563 42. INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS - p. 565 43. Chapter 85: Rheumatoid Arthritis - p. 565 44. Chapter 86: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - p. 571 45. Chapter 87: Septic Arthritis - p. 577 46. Chapter 88: Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis - p. 581 47. Chapter 89: Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis - p. 583 48. DEGENERATIVE CONDITIONS - p. 587 49. Chapter 90: Degenerative Joint Disease - p. 587 50. Chapter 91: Idiopathic Condylar Resorption - p. 591 51. Chapter 92: Synovial Cyst - p. 597 52. Chapter 93: TMJ Ganglion Cyst - p. 599 53. DISC DERANGEMENT CONDITIONS - p. 601 54. Chapter 94: MR Analysis of Normal TMJ Disc - p. 601 55. Chapter 95: Fine Structural Details of Disc and Posterior Attachment - p. 605 56. Chapter 96: Overview of Disc Displacements - p. 611 57. Chapter 97: Disc Displacement With Reduction - p. 617 58. Chapter 98: Disc Displacement Without Reduction - p. 623 59. Chapter 99: Joint Fluid and Marrow Alterations - p. 629 60. Chapter 100: Adhesions - p. 635 61. Chapter 101: US of TMJ Internal Derangement - p. 637 62. ACQUIRED CONDITIONS - p. 643 63. Chapter 102: Dual Bite - p. 643 64. Chapter 103: Posterior Tooth Fulcrum Formation - p. 649 65. Chapter 104: Fibrous Ankylosis - p. 653 66. Chapter 105: Bony Ankylosis - p. 655 67. Chapter 106: Osteoradionecrosis - p. 657 68. TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS - p. 661 69. Chapter 107: Primary Synovial Chondromatosis - p. 661 70. Chapter 108: Secondary Synovial Chondromatosis - p. 665 71. Chapter 109: Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition - p. 667 72. BENIGN NEOPLASMS - p. 671 73. Chapter 110: Osteochondroma - p. 671 74. Chapter 111: Osteoma - p. 677 75. MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS - p. 679 76. Chapter 112: Chondrosarcoma - p. 679 77. Chapter 113: Osteosarcoma - p. 683 78. Chapter 114: Metastasis - p. 685 79. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 687 80. Chapter 115: Simple Bone Cyst - p. 687 81. Chapter 116: Aneurysmal Bone Cyst - p. 689 82. Chapter 117: Fibrous Dysplasia - p. 693 83. OCCLUSAL STRESS-RELATED CONDITIONS - p. 697 84. Chapter 118: Attrition - p. 697 85. Chapter 119: Abfraction - p. 699 86. Chapter 120: Hypercementosis - p. 700 87. Chapter 121: Cemental Fractures - p. 701 88. Chapter 122: Alveolar Process Exostosis - p. 703 89. Chapter 123: Torus Mandibularis - p. 705 90. Chapter 124: Torus Palatinus - p. 707 91. SECTION 5: TMJ DISORDER MIMICS - p. 709 92. ORAL CONDITIONS AFFECTING/MIMICKING TMD - p. 709 93. Chapter 125: Odontogenic Infection of Pulpal Origin - p. 709 94. Chapter 126: Oral Cavity Soft Tissue Infections - p. 715 95. Chapter 127: Osteomyelitis of Jaw - p. 719 96. Chapter 128: Perineural Tumor Spread - p. 723 97. TMD AND TEMPORAL BONE ABNORMALITIES - p. 727 98. Chapter 129: Temporal Bone and Cervical Disorders Mimicking TMD - p. 727 99. Chapter 130: Temporal Bone Anatomy and Imaging Issues - p. 735 100. Chapter 131: EAC-Acquired Cholesteatoma - p. 741 101. Chapter 132: Necrotizing External Otitis - p. 742 102. Chapter 133: Keratosis Obturans - p. 743 103. Chapter 134: EAC Osteoma - p. 744 104. Chapter 135: Medial Canal Fibrosis - p. 745 105. Chapter 136: EAC Basal Cell Carcinoma - p. 746 106. Chapter 137: EAC Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 747 107. Chapter 138: Acute Otomastoiditis With Abscess - p. 748 108. Chapter 139: Acute Otomastoiditis With Coalescent Otomastoiditis - p. 749 109. Chapter 140: Labyrinthitis - p. 750 110. Chapter 141: Pars Flaccida Cholesteatoma - p. 751 111. Chapter 142: Temporal Bone Fibrous Dysplasia - p. 752 112. Chapter 143: Temporal Bone Fractures - p. 753 113. Chapter 144: Temporal Bone Perineural Parotid Malignancy - p. 755 114. CERVICAL SPINE ABNORMALITIES RELATED TO TMD OR SDB - p. 757 115. Chapter 145: Degenerative Arthritis of CVJ - p. 757 116. Chapter 146: Cervical Spondylosis - p. 761 117. Chapter 147: Cervical Facet Arthropathy - p. 762 118. Chapter 148: Ankylosing Spondylitis - p. 763 119. Chapter 149: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Cervical Spine - p. 765 120. Chapter 150: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Cervical Spine - p. 769 121. Chapter 151: Ligamentous Injury - p. 770 122. Chapter 152: Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament - p. 771 123. Chapter 153: Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis - p. 772 124. Chapter 154: Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition, Cervical Spine - p. 773 125. Chapter 155: Longus Colli Calcific Tendinitis - p. 774 126. MASTICATOR SPACE CONDITIONS - p. 775 127. Chapter 156: Masticator Space Overview - p. 775 128. Chapter 157: Pterygoid Venous Plexus Asymmetry - p. 779 129. Chapter 158: Benign Masticator Muscle Hypertrophy - p. 780 130. Chapter 159: CNV3 Motor Denervation - p. 781 131. Chapter 160: Masticator Space Abscess - p. 783 132. Chapter 161: Masticator Space CNV3 Schwannoma - p. 785 133. Chapter 162: Masticator Space CNV3 Perineural Tumor - p. 786 134. Chapter 163: Masticator Space Chondrosarcoma - p. 787 135. Chapter 164: Masticator Space Sarcoma - p. 789 136. NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS - p. 791 137. Chapter 165: Bell Palsy - p. 791 138. Chapter 166: Hemifacial Spasm - p. 792 139. Chapter 167: Trigeminal Neuralgia - p. 793 140. SECTION 6: SDB-RELATED UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT DIAGNOSES - p. 795 141. CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF SDB - p. 795 142. Chapter 168: Classification of SDB Disorders - p. 795 143. Chapter 169: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of SDB - p. 799 144. Chapter 170: Correlation of Clinical Symptoms of SDB to Radiographic Findings - p. 805 145. Chapter 171: Nasal Risk Factors for SDB - p. 807 146. Chapter 172: Paranasal Sinus Risk Factors for SDB - p. 809 147. Chapter 173: Nasopharyngeal Risk Factors for SDB - p. 811 148. Chapter 174: Oropharyngeal Risk Factors for SDB - p. 813 149. Chapter 175: Cervical Spine-Related Risk Factors for SDB - p. 815 150. CONGENITAL CONDITIONS THAT CARRY RISK FOR SDB - p. 817 151. Chapter 176: Cleft Lip and Palate - p. 817 152. Chapter 177: Craniosynostoses (Crouzon) - p. 821 153. Chapter 178: Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) - p. 823 154. Chapter 179: Klippel-Feil Spectrum - p. 825 155. Chapter 180: Mucopolysaccharidosis - p. 829 156. Chapter 181: CHARGE Syndrome - p. 830 157. Chapter 182: Cherubism - p. 831 158. SINONASAL COMPLEX ENTITIES THAT NARROW AIRWAY - p. 833 159. Chapter 183: Nasal Cycle, Normal Physiology - p. 833 160. ANOMALIES AND CONGENITAL CONDITIONS, SINONASAL - p. 835 161. Chapter 184: Deviated Nasal Septum - p. 835 162. Chapter 185: Concha Bullosa - p. 837 163. Chapter 186: Accessory Ostia - p. 839 164. Chapter 187: Sinus Hypoplasia/Aplasia - p. 841 165. Chapter 188: Nasolacrimal Duct Mucocele - p. 845 166. Chapter 189: Choanal Atresia - p. 846 167. Chapter 190: Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis - p. 847 168. Chapter 191: Nasal Glioma - p. 848 169. Chapter 192: Nasal Dermal Sinus - p. 849 170. Chapter 193: Frontoethmoidal Cephalocele - p. 850 171. Chapter 194: Upper Airway Infantile Hemangioma - p. 851 172. Chapter 195: Skull Base CSF Leak - p. 852 173. INFLAMMATORY CHANGES, SINONASAL - p. 853 174. Chapter 196: Acute Rhinosinusitis - p. 853 175. Chapter 197: Chronic Rhinosinusitis - p. 857 176. Chapter 198: Allergic Fungal Sinusitis - p. 858 177. Chapter 199: Odontogenic Sinusitis - p. 859 178. Chapter 200: Sinus Mycetoma - p. 861 179. Chapter 201: Invasive Fungal Sinusitis - p. 862 180. Chapter 202: Sinonasal Polyposis - p. 863 181. Chapter 203: Solitary Sinonasal Polyp - p. 864 182. Chapter 204: Sinonasal Mucocele - p. 865 183. Chapter 205: Mucus Retention Pseudocyst - p. 869 184. Chapter 206: Sinonasal Organized Hematoma - p. 871 185. Chapter 207: Silent Sinus Syndrome - p. 872 186. Chapter 208: Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener) - p. 873 187. Chapter 209: Nasal Cocaine Necrosis - p. 874 188. BENIGN LESIONS, SINONASAL - p. 875 189. Chapter 210: Sinonasal Fibrous Dysplasia - p. 875 190. Chapter 211: Sinonasal Osteoma - p. 876 191. Chapter 212: Sinonasal Ossifying Fibroma - p. 877 192. Chapter 213: Juvenile Angiofibroma - p. 878 193. Chapter 214: Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma - p. 879 194. Chapter 215: Sinonasal Hemangioma - p. 880 195. Chapter 216: Sinonasal Nerve Sheath Tumor - p. 881 196. Chapter 217: Sinonasal Benign Mixed Tumor - p. 882 197. MALIGNANT LESIONS, SINONASAL - p. 883 198. Chapter 218: Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 883 199. Chapter 219: Esthesioneuroblastoma - p. 887 200. Chapter 220: Sinonasal Melanoma - p. 888 201. Chapter 221: Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma - p. 889 202. Chapter 222: Sinonasal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma - p. 890 203. Chapter 223: Sinonasal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma - p. 891 204. Chapter 224: Sinonasal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma - p. 892 205. Chapter 225: Sinonasal Chondrosarcoma - p. 893 206. Chapter 226: Sinonasal Osteosarcoma - p. 894 207. Chapter 227: Rhabdomyosarcoma - p. 895 208. Chapter 228: Skull Base Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis - p. 896 209. NASOPHARYNGEAL ENTITIES THAT NARROW AIRWAY - p. 897 210. ANOMALIES AND CONGENITAL CONDITIONS, NASOPHARYNX - p. 897 211. Chapter 229: Tornwaldt Cyst - p. 897 212. Chapter 230: Fossa Navicularis Magna - p. 898 213. Chapter 231: Persistent Craniopharyngeal Canal - p. 899 214. INFLAMMATORY CHANGES, NASOPHARYNX - p. 900 215. Chapter 232: Suppurative Adenopathy of Retropharyngeal Space - p. 900 216. Chapter 233: Adenoid Vegetation/Hypertrophy - p. 901 217. BENIGN LESIONS, NASOPHARYNX - p. 905 218. Chapter 234: Benign Mixed Tumor of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space - p. 905 219. Chapter 235: Plexiform Neurofibroma of Head and Neck - p. 906 220. Chapter 236: Posttransplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorder - p. 907 221. Chapter 237: Sinus Histiocytosis (Rosai-Dorfman) of Head and Neck - p. 908 222. Chapter 238: Invasive Pituitary Macroadenoma - p. 909 223. MALIGNANT LESIONS, NASOPHARYNX - p. 910 224. Chapter 239: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - p. 910 225. Chapter 240: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space - p. 911 226. Chapter 241: Extraosseous Chordoma - p. 912 227. Chapter 242: Skull Base Plasmacytoma - p. 913 228. OROPHARYNGEAL ENTITIES THAT NARROW AIRWAY - p. 914 229. ANOMALIES AND CONGENITAL CONDITIONS, OROPHARYNX - p. 914 230. Chapter 243: Congenital Vallecular Cyst - p. 914 231. Chapter 244: Thyroglossal Duct Cyst - p. 915 232. Chapter 245: Lingual Thyroid - p. 916 233. INFLAMMATORY CHANGES, OROPHARYNX - p. 917 234. Chapter 246: Retropharyngeal Space Abscess - p. 917 235. Chapter 247: Retention Cyst of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space - p. 918 236. Chapter 248: Tonsillar Inflammation - p. 919 237. Chapter 249: Tonsillar/Peritonsillar Abscess - p. 920 238. BENIGN LESIONS, OROPHARYNX - p. 921 239. Chapter 250: Parotid Benign Mixed Tumor - p. 921 240. Chapter 251: Carotid Space Schwannoma - p. 922 241. Chapter 252: Parapharyngeal Space Benign Mixed Tumor - p. 923 242. MALIGNANT LESIONS, OROPHARYNX - p. 924 243. Chapter 253: Parotid Malignant Mixed Tumor - p. 924 244. Chapter 254: Nodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Retropharyngeal Space - p. 925 245. Chapter 255: Minor Salivary Gland Malignancy of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space - p. 926 246. Chapter 256: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Head and Neck - p. 927 247. Chapter 257: Base of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 928 248. Chapter 258: Palatine Tonsil Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 929 249. Chapter 259: Nodal Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Retropharyngeal Space - p. 930 250. Chapter 260: Soft Palate Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 931 251. Chapter 261: HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 933 252. SECTION 7: TMJ RADIOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 935 253. CONDYLAR POSITION - p. 935 254. Chapter 262: Anterior Condylar Position - p. 935 255. Chapter 263: Posterior Condylar Position - p. 943 256. Chapter 264: Superior Condylar Position - p. 949 257. Chapter 265: Inferior Condylar Position - p. 955 258. CHANGES IN CONDYLAR AND CORONOID SIZE - p. 961 259. Chapter 266: Small Condyle - p. 961 260. Chapter 267: Large Condyle - p. 967 261. Chapter 268: Large Coronoid Process - p. 971 262. CONDYLAR EROSION - p. 973 263. Chapter 269: Well-Defined Erosion - p. 973 264. Chapter 270: Poorly Defined Erosion - p. 979 265. CHANGES IN TMJ DENSITY - p. 983 266. Chapter 271: TMJ Low-Density Entities - p. 983 267. Chapter 272: TMJ High-Density Entities - p. 985 268. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 989 269. Chapter 273: Calcifications Associated With the TMJ - p. 989 270. Chapter 274: Soft Tissue Calcifications, Head and Neck - p. 991 271. SECTION 8: TMJ CLINICAL DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 995 272. RANGE OF MOTION - p. 995 273. Chapter 275: Limited Oral Opening - p. 995 274. Chapter 276: Hypermobility - p. 1003 275. SOUNDS - p. 1005 276. Chapter 277: Joint Sounds - p. 1005 277. Chapter 278: Tinnitus - p. 1007 278. OCCLUSION/SYMMETRY CHANGES - p. 1013 279. Chapter 279: Asymmetry - p. 1013 280. Chapter 280: Anterior Open Bite - p. 1019 281. Chapter 281: Posterior Open Bite - p. 1025 282. SECTION 9: SDB RISK FACTORS, RADIOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 1031 283. NASAL CAVITY AND PARANASAL SINUSES - p. 1031 284. Chapter 282: Blocked Nasal Valves - p. 1031 285. Chapter 283: Large Nasal Turbinates - p. 1037 286. Chapter 284: Sinonasal Fibroosseous and Cartilaginous Lesions - p. 1041 287. Chapter 285: Paranasal Sinus Lesions Without Bony Destruction - p. 1043 288. Chapter 286: Paranasal Sinus Lesions With Bony Destruction - p. 1047 289. Chapter 287: Perforated Nasal Septum - p. 1051 290. Chapter 288: Nasal Lesion Without Bony Destruction - p. 1053 291. Chapter 289: Nasal Lesion With Bony Destruction - p. 1057 292. NASOPHARYNX - p. 1061 293. Chapter 290: Soft Tissue Entities in Nasopharynx - p. 1061 294. OROPHARYNX - p. 1067 295. Chapter 291: Soft Tissue Enlargement of Lateral Pharyngeal Wall - p. 1067 296. Chapter 292: Soft Tissue Between Tongue and Epiglottis - p. 1071 297. SECTION 10: SDB RISK FACTORS, CLINICAL DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 1075 298. CHANGES IN CRANIOFACIAL MORPHOLOGY AND POSITION - p. 1075 299. Chapter 293: Convex Facial Profile - p. 1075 300. Chapter 294: Small Maxilla - p. 1079 301. Chapter 295: Forward Head Posture - p. 1081 302. CHANGES IN BREATHING PATTERN - p. 1083 303. Chapter 296: Nasal Obstruction - p. 1083 304. CHANGES IN TEETH - p. 1087 305. Chapter 297: Flared and Proclined Teeth - p. 1087 306. Chapter 298: Crossbite - p. 1091 307. OTHER FACIAL CHANGES - p. 1095 308. Chapter 299: Dark Circles Under Eyes - p. 1095 309. SECTION 11: IMAGING OF TMJ PROCEDURES - p. 1097 310. OROFACIAL PAIN AND TMJ INJECTIONS - p. 1097 311. Chapter 300: TMJ Injection - p. 1097 312. Chapter 301: Trigeminal Nerve Injection - p. 1101 313. Chapter 302: Scalp Block for Migraines and Facial Pain - p. 1105 314. Chapter 303: Trigger Points - p. 1109 315. TMJ SURGERY - p. 1111 316. Chapter 304: Total Joint Replacement - p. 1111 317. Chapter 305: TMJ Disc Replacement - p. 1123 318. Chapter 306: TMJ Arthroscopic Surgery Cascade - p. 1125 319. SECTION 12: IMAGING OF SURGICAL PROCEDURES FOR SDB - p. 1129 320. SINONASAL PROCEDURES - p. 1129 321. Chapter 307: Septoplasty and Turbinate Reduction - p. 1129 322. Chapter 308: Adenoidectomy - p. 1133 323. Chapter 309: Tonsillectomy - p. 1135 324. MAXILLARY-MANDIBULAR ADVANCEMENT - p. 1137 325. Chapter 310: Introduction to Orthognathic Surgery - p. 1137 326. Chapter 311: LeFort 1 Osteotomy - p. 1143 327. Chapter 312: Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomies - p. 1147 328. Chapter 313: MMA for Obstructive Sleep Apnea - p. 1153 329. INDEX - p. 1157
