Superalloys: Strengthening Behavior of Precipitating Phases covers the strengthening mechanisms associated with all types of precipitates that form in superalloys, synthesizing a vast body of literature on the strengthening behavior of these phases, with each chapter introducing fundamental metallurgical principles to help readers develop a clear understanding. The book provides an in-depth exploration of the deformation mechanisms of intermetallic phases in superalloys, focusing on the interaction between matrix dislocations and these phases. Chapter 1 provides an overview of superalloys, their classifications, compositions, and the various strengthening phases, also covering the reasons behind the varying strengthening behavior of different precipitates.
Chapter 2 lays the foundation for understanding deformation and strengthening mechanisms in metals and alloys. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 each focus on strengthening behavior and mechanisms of specific precipitates, γ′, γ″, and Ni2(Cr,Mo), respectively. Chapter 6 discusses the strengthening effects of the δ and η phases, which form at intermediate temperatures and play a crucial role in controlling grain size, enhancing creep, and fatigue resistance. Chapter 7 examines the role of other strengthening agents, including oxides, borides, and carbides that improve high-temperature strength by impeding dislocation motion and grain boundary sliding.
1. Title of Book - p. i 2. Cover image - p. i 3. Title page - p. ii 4. Table of Contents - p. iii 5. Copyright - p. iv 6. Dedication - p. v 7. Foreword - p. xi 8. Preface - p. xiii 9. Acknowledgments - p. xv 10. 1. Fundamentals of superalloys - p. 1 11. 2. Principles of deformation and strengthening - p. 65 12. 2.1 Plastic deformation in crystalline solids - p. 65 13. 2.2 Dislocation theory - p. 72 14. 2.3 Deformation in FCC materials - p. 84 15. 2.4 Dislocations in ordered structures - p. 93 16. 2.5 Dislocations in covalent crystals - p. 94 17. 2.6 Grain boundary strengthening - p. 95 18. 2.7 Principles of obstacle strengthening - p. 96 19. 2.8 Work hardening - p. 98 20. 2.9 Solid-solution strengthening - p. 99 21. 2.10 Precipitation strengthening - p. 106 22. 2.11 Creep deformation at elevated temperatures - p. 119 23. 2.12 Summary - p. 130 24. 3. γ′ phase precipitate - p. 135 25. 3.1 Crystallography of the γ′ phase - p. 136 26. 3.2 Factors affecting the strength of Ni3Al phase - p. 152 27. 3.3 Anomalous yield stress behavior of Ni3Al phase - p. 159 28. 3.4 Temperature-dependent plasticity in Ni3Al - p. 171 29. 3.5 Creep in Ni3Al phase - p. 173 30. 3.6 Precipitation of γ′ phase in superalloys - p. 175 31. 3.7 Strengthening of alloys by γ′ phase precipitation - p. 195 32. 3.8 Strengthening mechanisms in γ′ hardened superalloys - p. 197 33. 3.9 Creep strengthening by γ′ precipitation - p. 211 34. 3.10 Summary - p. 243 35. 4. γ″ phase precipitate - p. 259 36. 4.1 Crystallographic features of γ″ phase - p. 260 37. 4.2 γ″ strengthened superalloys - p. 269 38. 4.3 Precipitation of γ″ phase in γ matrix - p. 273 39. 4.4 Co-precipitation of γ″ phase with γ′ - p. 277 40. 4.5 Strengthening of superalloys by γ″ precipitates - p. 283 41. 4.6 Micromechanisms of γ″ particle shearing - p. 294 42. 4.7 Micromechanisms of dual-lobed co-precipitate shearing - p. 308 43. 4.8 Summary - p. 333 44. 5. γ‴ phase precipitate - p. 339 45. 5.1 Crystallography of γ‴ phase - p. 340 46. 5.2 Precipitation of γ‴ phase - p. 359 47. 5.3 Micro-mechanisms of strengthening and critical shear stress - p. 365 48. 5.4 Order strengthening by γ‴ precipitates - p. 375 49. 5.5 Summary - p. 388 50. 6. δ and η phase precipitates - p. 395 51. 6.1 Crystallographic features of the δ phase - p. 396 52. 6.2 Crystallographic features of the η phase - p. 403 53. 6.3 Precipitation behavior of δ and η phases - p. 409 54. 6.4 Deformation behavior of δ and η phases - p. 427 55. 6.5 Deformation behavior of δ-precipitated alloys - p. 443 56. 6.6 Phase transformation strengthening by η phase precipitation within γ′ phase particles - p. 449 57. 6.7 Summary - p. 450 58. 7. Non-deformable particles - p. 457 59. Appendix A. Nominal compositions of superalloys - p. 521 60. Appendix B. Mechanical properties of superalloys - p. 535 61. Appendix C. The Thompson tetrahedron - p. 551 62. Index - p. 555
Superalloys: Strengthening Behavior of Precipitating Phases covers the strengthening mechanisms associated with all types of precipitates that form in superalloys, synthesizing a vast body of literature on the strengthening behavior of these phases, with each chapter introducing fundamental metallurgical principles to help readers develop a clear understanding. The book provides an in-depth exploration of the deformation mechanisms of intermetallic phases in superalloys, focusing on the interaction between matrix dislocations and these phases. Chapter 1 provides an overview of superalloys, their classifications, compositions, and the various strengthening phases, also covering the reasons behind the varying strengthening behavior of different precipitates.
Chapter 2 lays the foundation for understanding deformation and strengthening mechanisms in metals and alloys. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 each focus on strengthening behavior and mechanisms of specific precipitates, γ′, γ″, and Ni2(Cr,Mo), respectively. Chapter 6 discusses the strengthening effects of the δ and η phases, which form at intermediate temperatures and play a crucial role in controlling grain size, enhancing creep, and fatigue resistance. Chapter 7 examines the role of other strengthening agents, including oxides, borides, and carbides that improve high-temperature strength by impeding dislocation motion and grain boundary sliding.
1. Title of Book - p. i 2. Cover image - p. i 3. Title page - p. ii 4. Table of Contents - p. iii 5. Copyright - p. iv 6. Dedication - p. v 7. Foreword - p. xi 8. Preface - p. xiii 9. Acknowledgments - p. xv 10. 1. Fundamentals of superalloys - p. 1 11. 2. Principles of deformation and strengthening - p. 65 12. 2.1 Plastic deformation in crystalline solids - p. 65 13. 2.2 Dislocation theory - p. 72 14. 2.3 Deformation in FCC materials - p. 84 15. 2.4 Dislocations in ordered structures - p. 93 16. 2.5 Dislocations in covalent crystals - p. 94 17. 2.6 Grain boundary strengthening - p. 95 18. 2.7 Principles of obstacle strengthening - p. 96 19. 2.8 Work hardening - p. 98 20. 2.9 Solid-solution strengthening - p. 99 21. 2.10 Precipitation strengthening - p. 106 22. 2.11 Creep deformation at elevated temperatures - p. 119 23. 2.12 Summary - p. 130 24. 3. γ′ phase precipitate - p. 135 25. 3.1 Crystallography of the γ′ phase - p. 136 26. 3.2 Factors affecting the strength of Ni3Al phase - p. 152 27. 3.3 Anomalous yield stress behavior of Ni3Al phase - p. 159 28. 3.4 Temperature-dependent plasticity in Ni3Al - p. 171 29. 3.5 Creep in Ni3Al phase - p. 173 30. 3.6 Precipitation of γ′ phase in superalloys - p. 175 31. 3.7 Strengthening of alloys by γ′ phase precipitation - p. 195 32. 3.8 Strengthening mechanisms in γ′ hardened superalloys - p. 197 33. 3.9 Creep strengthening by γ′ precipitation - p. 211 34. 3.10 Summary - p. 243 35. 4. γ″ phase precipitate - p. 259 36. 4.1 Crystallographic features of γ″ phase - p. 260 37. 4.2 γ″ strengthened superalloys - p. 269 38. 4.3 Precipitation of γ″ phase in γ matrix - p. 273 39. 4.4 Co-precipitation of γ″ phase with γ′ - p. 277 40. 4.5 Strengthening of superalloys by γ″ precipitates - p. 283 41. 4.6 Micromechanisms of γ″ particle shearing - p. 294 42. 4.7 Micromechanisms of dual-lobed co-precipitate shearing - p. 308 43. 4.8 Summary - p. 333 44. 5. γ‴ phase precipitate - p. 339 45. 5.1 Crystallography of γ‴ phase - p. 340 46. 5.2 Precipitation of γ‴ phase - p. 359 47. 5.3 Micro-mechanisms of strengthening and critical shear stress - p. 365 48. 5.4 Order strengthening by γ‴ precipitates - p. 375 49. 5.5 Summary - p. 388 50. 6. δ and η phase precipitates - p. 395 51. 6.1 Crystallographic features of the δ phase - p. 396 52. 6.2 Crystallographic features of the η phase - p. 403 53. 6.3 Precipitation behavior of δ and η phases - p. 409 54. 6.4 Deformation behavior of δ and η phases - p. 427 55. 6.5 Deformation behavior of δ-precipitated alloys - p. 443 56. 6.6 Phase transformation strengthening by η phase precipitation within γ′ phase particles - p. 449 57. 6.7 Summary - p. 450 58. 7. Non-deformable particles - p. 457 59. Appendix A. Nominal compositions of superalloys - p. 521 60. Appendix B. Mechanical properties of superalloys - p. 535 61. Appendix C. The Thompson tetrahedron - p. 551 62. Index - p. 555
