Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has become one of the most recognized and widely applied technologies in green processing, with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) leading the way as the fluid of choice. It represents not only the first but also the most established industrial application of supercritical fluids, paving the path from laboratory research to large-scale production.
This book brings together and systematizes the current state of knowledge on scCO2 extraction, offering both a comprehensive overview and practical insights. It begins with an accessible introduction to the unique properties of scCO2, followed by a clear explanation of the principles and operation of SFE. A broad spectrum of applications is then explored, ranging from plant materials to non-plant sources, agricultural residues, and food by-products, highlighting the versatility and growing potential of this technology.
In addition to practical case studies, the book addresses modelling strategies and scale-up considerations, providing valuable guidance for translating experimental findings into industrial practice. Special emphasis is placed on integrated processes and real-world examples, showcasing how SFE has successfully bridged the gap between science and industry. The final chapter looks toward the future, outlining the challenges and opportunities that will shape the next generation of scCO2-assisted technologies.
Supercritical CO2 Extraction is intended for master’s and PhD students in chemical engineering, biotechnology, food engineering, pharmaceutical sciences, and process engineering. It also serves as an essential resource for industry professionals seeking to understand and apply one of the most promising technologies in sustainable extraction.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction to supercritical fluids - p. 1 2. Chapter 2. Supercritical carbon dioxide: Thermodynamic behavior and applications - p. 13 3. Chapter 3. Understanding supercritical carbon dioxide extraction: Key principles and advantages - p. 49 4. Chapter 4. Variables shaping supercritical fluid extraction outcomes - p. 89 5. Chapter 5. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from plant materials - p. 129 6. Chapter 6. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from agricultural and food by-products - p. 185 7. 1 Fruit and vegetable by-products - p. 187 8. 2 Winery and brewery by-products - p. 220 9. 3 Cereal and grain by-products - p. 229 10. 4 Marine by-products - p. 233 11. 5 Other by-products - p. 239 12. Chapter 7. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from nonplant resources - p. 253 13. Chapter 8. Modelling of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction - p. 303 14. Chapter 9. Scale-up strategies and economic assessment for supercritical carbon dioxide extraction - p. 321 15. Chapter 10. Integrated process of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and impregnation of extracts - p. 373 16. Chapter 11. Industrial applications of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction - p. 389 17. Chapter 12. Examples of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction transition from laboratory to industry - p. 445 18. Chapter 13. Toward the future of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction: Challenges and opportunities ahead - p. 485 19. Index - p. 507
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has become one of the most recognized and widely applied technologies in green processing, with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) leading the way as the fluid of choice. It represents not only the first but also the most established industrial application of supercritical fluids, paving the path from laboratory research to large-scale production.
This book brings together and systematizes the current state of knowledge on scCO2 extraction, offering both a comprehensive overview and practical insights. It begins with an accessible introduction to the unique properties of scCO2, followed by a clear explanation of the principles and operation of SFE. A broad spectrum of applications is then explored, ranging from plant materials to non-plant sources, agricultural residues, and food by-products, highlighting the versatility and growing potential of this technology.
In addition to practical case studies, the book addresses modelling strategies and scale-up considerations, providing valuable guidance for translating experimental findings into industrial practice. Special emphasis is placed on integrated processes and real-world examples, showcasing how SFE has successfully bridged the gap between science and industry. The final chapter looks toward the future, outlining the challenges and opportunities that will shape the next generation of scCO2-assisted technologies.
Supercritical CO2 Extraction is intended for master’s and PhD students in chemical engineering, biotechnology, food engineering, pharmaceutical sciences, and process engineering. It also serves as an essential resource for industry professionals seeking to understand and apply one of the most promising technologies in sustainable extraction.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction to supercritical fluids - p. 1 2. Chapter 2. Supercritical carbon dioxide: Thermodynamic behavior and applications - p. 13 3. Chapter 3. Understanding supercritical carbon dioxide extraction: Key principles and advantages - p. 49 4. Chapter 4. Variables shaping supercritical fluid extraction outcomes - p. 89 5. Chapter 5. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from plant materials - p. 129 6. Chapter 6. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from agricultural and food by-products - p. 185 7. 1 Fruit and vegetable by-products - p. 187 8. 2 Winery and brewery by-products - p. 220 9. 3 Cereal and grain by-products - p. 229 10. 4 Marine by-products - p. 233 11. 5 Other by-products - p. 239 12. Chapter 7. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from nonplant resources - p. 253 13. Chapter 8. Modelling of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction - p. 303 14. Chapter 9. Scale-up strategies and economic assessment for supercritical carbon dioxide extraction - p. 321 15. Chapter 10. Integrated process of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and impregnation of extracts - p. 373 16. Chapter 11. Industrial applications of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction - p. 389 17. Chapter 12. Examples of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction transition from laboratory to industry - p. 445 18. Chapter 13. Toward the future of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction: Challenges and opportunities ahead - p. 485 19. Index - p. 507
