Supercritical Fluid Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications covers the fundamental principles involved in the preparation and characterization of supercritical fluids (SCFs) used in the energy production and other environmental applications. Energy production from diversified resources — including renewable materials — using clean processes can be accomplished using technologies like SCFs. This book is focused on critical issues scientists and engineers face in applying SCFs to energy production and environmental protection, the innovative solutions they have found, and the challenges they need to overcome. The book also covers the basics of sub- and supercritical fluids, like the thermodynamics of phase and chemical equilibria, mathematical modeling, and process calculations.
A supercritical fluid is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist. At this state the compound demonstrates unique properties, which can be "fine-tuned," making them suitable as organic solvents in a range of industrial and laboratory processes.
This volume enables readers to select the most appropriate medium for a specific situation. It helps instructors prepare course material for graduate and postgraduate courses in the area of chemistry, chemical engineering, and environmental engineering. And it helps professional engineers learn supercritical fluid-based technologies and use them in solving the increasingly challenging environmental issues.
1. Cover image - p. Cover 2. Title page - p. Cover 3. Table of Contents - p. Cover 4. Copyright - p. Cover 5. Contributors - p. Cover 6. Chapter 1. Synthesis of Biodiesel Fuel in Supercritical Lower Alcohols with and without Heterogeneous Catalysts (Thermodynamics, Phase and Chemical Equilibriums, Experimental Studies) - p. Cover 7. Chapter 2. Particle Formation Using Sub- and Supercritical Fluids - p. 27 8. Chapter 3. Environmentally Benign Transformations of Monoterpenes and Monoterpenoids in Supercritical Fluids - p. 55 9. Chapter 4. Biomass Conversion in Supercritical Water - p. 86 10. Chapter 5. Environmentally Benign Route for Nanomaterial Synthesis by Using SCW - p. 98 11. Chapter 6. Supercritical Water Gasification for Hydrogen Production: Current Status and Prospective of High-Temperature Operation - p. 108 12. Chapter 7. Hydrolysis in Near- and Supercritical Water for Biomass Conversion and Material Recycling - p. 135 13. Chapter 8. Applications of Aerogels and Their Composites in Energy-Related Technologies - p. 154 14. Chapter 9. Supercritical Water Oxidation for Wastewater Destruction with Energy Recovery - p. 176 15. Chapter 10. Supercritical Water Gasification of Organic Wastes for Energy Generation - p. 188 16. Chapter 11. Application of Supercritical Pressure in Power Engineering: Specifics of Thermophysical Properties and Forced-Convective Heat Transfer - p. 199 17. Chapter 12. Biopolymer Degradation in Sub- and Supercritical Water for Biomass Waste Recycling - p. 226 18. Chapter 13. Energy Conversion of Biomass and Recycling of Waste Plastics Using Supercritical Fluid, Subcritical Fluid and High-Pressure Superheated Steam - p. 247 19. Index - p. 266
Supercritical Fluid Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications covers the fundamental principles involved in the preparation and characterization of supercritical fluids (SCFs) used in the energy production and other environmental applications. Energy production from diversified resources — including renewable materials — using clean processes can be accomplished using technologies like SCFs. This book is focused on critical issues scientists and engineers face in applying SCFs to energy production and environmental protection, the innovative solutions they have found, and the challenges they need to overcome. The book also covers the basics of sub- and supercritical fluids, like the thermodynamics of phase and chemical equilibria, mathematical modeling, and process calculations.
A supercritical fluid is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist. At this state the compound demonstrates unique properties, which can be "fine-tuned," making them suitable as organic solvents in a range of industrial and laboratory processes.
This volume enables readers to select the most appropriate medium for a specific situation. It helps instructors prepare course material for graduate and postgraduate courses in the area of chemistry, chemical engineering, and environmental engineering. And it helps professional engineers learn supercritical fluid-based technologies and use them in solving the increasingly challenging environmental issues.
1. Cover image - p. Cover 2. Title page - p. Cover 3. Table of Contents - p. Cover 4. Copyright - p. Cover 5. Contributors - p. Cover 6. Chapter 1. Synthesis of Biodiesel Fuel in Supercritical Lower Alcohols with and without Heterogeneous Catalysts (Thermodynamics, Phase and Chemical Equilibriums, Experimental Studies) - p. Cover 7. Chapter 2. Particle Formation Using Sub- and Supercritical Fluids - p. 27 8. Chapter 3. Environmentally Benign Transformations of Monoterpenes and Monoterpenoids in Supercritical Fluids - p. 55 9. Chapter 4. Biomass Conversion in Supercritical Water - p. 86 10. Chapter 5. Environmentally Benign Route for Nanomaterial Synthesis by Using SCW - p. 98 11. Chapter 6. Supercritical Water Gasification for Hydrogen Production: Current Status and Prospective of High-Temperature Operation - p. 108 12. Chapter 7. Hydrolysis in Near- and Supercritical Water for Biomass Conversion and Material Recycling - p. 135 13. Chapter 8. Applications of Aerogels and Their Composites in Energy-Related Technologies - p. 154 14. Chapter 9. Supercritical Water Oxidation for Wastewater Destruction with Energy Recovery - p. 176 15. Chapter 10. Supercritical Water Gasification of Organic Wastes for Energy Generation - p. 188 16. Chapter 11. Application of Supercritical Pressure in Power Engineering: Specifics of Thermophysical Properties and Forced-Convective Heat Transfer - p. 199 17. Chapter 12. Biopolymer Degradation in Sub- and Supercritical Water for Biomass Waste Recycling - p. 226 18. Chapter 13. Energy Conversion of Biomass and Recycling of Waste Plastics Using Supercritical Fluid, Subcritical Fluid and High-Pressure Superheated Steam - p. 247 19. Index - p. 266
