Sustainable Design through Process Integration: Fundamentals and Applications to Industrial Pollution Prevention, Resource Conservation, and Profitability Enhancement, Third Edition provides authoritative, comprehensive, and easy-to-follow coverage of the fundamental concepts and practical techniques on the use of process integration to maximize the efficiency and sustainability in industrial processes. Sections cover new information on the inclusion of sustainability objectives within different front-end loading stages of design, carbon management and monetization, design of renewable energy systems and integration with existing infrastructure, incorporation of process safety in design, resilience principles and design approaches, modular design, industrial symbiosis, and open-ended mini projects on sustainable design.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction to Sustainability, Sustainable Design, and Process Integration - p. 1 2. Chapter 2. Overview of Process Economics - p. 17 3. Abstract - p. 17 4. 2.1 Introduction - p. 17 5. 2.2 Cost Types and Estimation - p. 17 6. 2.3 Depreciation - p. 33 7. 2.4 Break-Even Analysis - p. 38 8. 2.5 Time Value of Money - p. 44 9. 2.6 Profitability Analysis - p. 50 10. 2.7 Inclusion of Sustainability and Targeting in Profitability Calculations: Sustainability Return on Investment - p. 72 11. 2.8 Homework Problems - p. 76 12. References - p. 79 13. Chapter 3. Mass-Integration Benchmarking of New Designs via Stoichiometric Targeting - p. 83 14. Abstract - p. 83 15. 3.1 What is Benchmarking? - p. 83 16. 3.2 Stoichiometric Targeting - p. 85 17. 3.3 Stoichiometric-Economic “Stoichio-Nomic” Targeting - p. 85 18. 3.4 A Shortcut Approach to Using Stoichiometric Targeting for Creating and Screening Initial Designs - p. 87 19. 3.5 Homework Problems - p. 97 20. References - p. 110 21. Chapter 4. Process-Improvement Benchmarking of Existing Designs via Mass-Integration Targeting - p. 113 22. Chapter 5. Direct-Recycle Networks: Graphical and Algebraic Targeting Approaches - p. 131 23. Abstract - p. 131 24. 5.1 Problem Statement for the Design of Direct-Recycle Networks - p. 131 25. 5.2 Selection of Sources, Sinks, and Recycle Routes - p. 133 26. 5.3 Direct-Recycle Targets through Material-Recycle Pinch Diagram - p. 134 27. 5.4 Design Rules from the Material-Recycle Pinch Diagram - p. 135 28. 5.5 Extension to the Case of Impure Fresh - p. 137 29. 5.6 Insights for Process Modifications - p. 137 30. 5.7 An Algebraic Approach to Targeting Direct Recycle Networks - p. 138 31. 5.8 Algebraic Targeting Procedure - p. 152 32. 5.9 Generating Implementation Designs Using the Source-Sink Mapping Diagram for Matching Sources and Sinks - p. 154 33. 5.10 Multicomponent Source-Sink Mapping Diagram - p. 160 34. 5.11 Homework Problems - p. 161 35. References - p. 165 36. Chapter 6. Synthesis of Mass-Exchange Networks - p. 167 37. Abstract - p. 167 38. 6.1 Mass-Exchange Network Synthesis Task - p. 167 39. 6.2 The Men-Targeting Approach - p. 168 40. 6.3 The Corresponding Composition Scales - p. 168 41. 6.4 The Mass-Exchange Pinch Diagram - p. 169 42. 6.5 Constructing Pinch Diagrams Without Process MSAs - p. 183 43. 6.6 An Algebraic Approach to Targeting Mass-Exchange Networks - p. 183 44. 6.7 Construction of the Men Configuration with Minimum Number of Exchangers - p. 187 45. 6.8 Trading Off Fixed Cost versus Operating Cost - p. 192 46. 6.9 Problems - p. 195 47. References - p. 200 48. Chapter 7. Combining Mass-Integration Strategies - p. 201 49. Chapter 8. Heat Integration - p. 217 50. Chapter 9. Integration of Combined Heat and Power Systems - p. 239 51. Abstract - p. 239 52. 9.1 heat Engines - p. 239 53. 9.2 Steam Turbines and Power Plants - p. 241 54. 9.3 Placement of Heat Engines and Integration with Thermal Pinch Analysis - p. 248 55. 9.4 Heat Pumps - p. 251 56. 9.5 Closed-Cycle Vapor Compression Heat Pumps Using a Separate Working Fluid (Refrigerant) - p. 252 57. 9.6 vapor-Compression Heat Pumps and Thermal Pinch Diagram - p. 258 58. 9.7 Open-Cycle Mechanical Vapor Recompression Using a Process Stream as the Working Fluid - p. 259 59. 9.8 Absorption Refrigeration Cycles - p. 262 60. 9.9 Cogeneration Targeting - p. 265 61. 9.10 Additional Readings - p. 269 62. 9.11 Homework Problems - p. 271 63. References - p. 272 64. Chapter 10. Property Integration - p. 275 65. Abstract - p. 275 66. 10.1 Property-Based Material Recycle Pinch Diagram - p. 275 67. 10.2 Process Modification Based on Property-Based Pinch Diagram - p. 278 68. 10.3 Clustering Techniques for Multiple Properties - p. 279 69. 10.4 Cluster-Based Source-Sink Mapping Diagram for Property-Based Recycle and Interception - p. 284 70. 10.5 Property-Based Design Rules for Recycle and Interception - p. 285 71. 10.6 Dealing with Multiplicity of Cluster-To-Property Mapping - p. 287 72. 10.7 Relationship between Clusters and Mass Fractions - p. 289 73. 10.8 Additional Readings - p. 294 74. 10.9 Homework - p. 294 75. References - p. 297 76. Chapter 11. Overview of Optimization - p. 299 77. Abstract - p. 299 78. 11.1 What Is Mathematical Programming? - p. 299 79. 11.2 How to Formulate an Optimization Model? - p. 300 80. 11.3 Using the Software Lingo to Solve Optimization Problems - p. 303 81. 11.4 Interpreting Dual Prices in the Results of a Lingo Solution - p. 304 82. 11.5 A Brief Introduction to Sets, Convex Analysis, and Symbols Used in Optimization - p. 314 83. 11.6 the Use of 0–1 Binary-Integer Variables - p. 316 84. 11.7 Enumerating Multiple Solutions Using Integer Cuts - p. 318 85. 11.8 Modeling Disjunctions and Discontinuous Functions with Binary Integer Variables - p. 319 86. 11.9 Using Set Formulations in LINGO - p. 327 87. 11.10 Homework Problems - p. 330 88. References - p. 338 89. Chapter 12. An Optimization Approach to Direct Recycle - p. 339 90. Chapter 13. Synthesis of Mass-Exchange Networks: A Mathematical Programming Approach - p. 355 91. Chapter 14. Synthesis of Reactive Mass-Exchange Networks - p. 375 92. Chapter 15. Mathematical Optimization Techniques for Mass Integration - p. 389 93. Chapter 16. Mathematical Techniques for the Synthesis of Heat-Exchange Networks - p. 411 94. Chapter 17. Synthesis of Heat-Integrated Separation Networks - p. 427 95. Chapter 18. Water-Energy Nexus for Thermal Desalination Processes - p. 443 96. Abstract - p. 443 97. 18.1 Characteristics of Seawater - p. 443 98. 18.2 Single-Effect Evaporators - p. 454 99. 18.3 Multiple-Effect Evaporators (MEE)/Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) - p. 462 100. 18.4 Multistage Flash (MSF) Desalination Systems - p. 492 101. Homework - p. 506 102. References - p. 507 103. Chapter 19. Design of Membrane-Separation Systems - p. 509 104. Abstract - p. 509 105. 19.1 Classification of Pressure-Driven Membrane Separations - p. 509 106. 19.2 Reverse Osmosis Systems - p. 510 107. 19.3 Designing Systems of Multiple Reverse Osmosis Modules - p. 514 108. 19.4 Thermal Membrane Distillation - p. 518 109. 19.5 Problems - p. 528 110. References - p. 532 111. Chapter 20. Macroscopic Approaches of Process Integration - p. 535 112. Chapter 21. Industrial Symbiosis - p. 555 113. Abstract - p. 555 114. 21.1 An Optimization Approach to the Design of EIPs - p. 555 115. 21.2 ATOMIC TARGETING FOR MULTI-SCALE Systems: C-H-O Symbiosis Networks (CHOSYNs) for the Design of Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs) - p. 560 116. 21.3 Homework Problems - p. 570 117. References - p. 571 118. Chapter 22. Decarbonization Strategies via Process Integration - p. 573 119. Chapter 23. Intensification, Safety, and Resilience via Process Integration - p. 599 120. Chapter 24. Concluding Thoughts: Launching Successful Process-Integration Initiatives and Applications - p. 609 121. Appendix A. Conversion Relationships for Concentrations and Conversion Factor for Units - p. 615 122. Appendix B. Modeling of Mass-Exchange Units for Environmental Applications - p. 619 123. Index - p. 635
Sustainable Design through Process Integration: Fundamentals and Applications to Industrial Pollution Prevention, Resource Conservation, and Profitability Enhancement, Third Edition provides authoritative, comprehensive, and easy-to-follow coverage of the fundamental concepts and practical techniques on the use of process integration to maximize the efficiency and sustainability in industrial processes. Sections cover new information on the inclusion of sustainability objectives within different front-end loading stages of design, carbon management and monetization, design of renewable energy systems and integration with existing infrastructure, incorporation of process safety in design, resilience principles and design approaches, modular design, industrial symbiosis, and open-ended mini projects on sustainable design.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction to Sustainability, Sustainable Design, and Process Integration - p. 1 2. Chapter 2. Overview of Process Economics - p. 17 3. Abstract - p. 17 4. 2.1 Introduction - p. 17 5. 2.2 Cost Types and Estimation - p. 17 6. 2.3 Depreciation - p. 33 7. 2.4 Break-Even Analysis - p. 38 8. 2.5 Time Value of Money - p. 44 9. 2.6 Profitability Analysis - p. 50 10. 2.7 Inclusion of Sustainability and Targeting in Profitability Calculations: Sustainability Return on Investment - p. 72 11. 2.8 Homework Problems - p. 76 12. References - p. 79 13. Chapter 3. Mass-Integration Benchmarking of New Designs via Stoichiometric Targeting - p. 83 14. Abstract - p. 83 15. 3.1 What is Benchmarking? - p. 83 16. 3.2 Stoichiometric Targeting - p. 85 17. 3.3 Stoichiometric-Economic “Stoichio-Nomic” Targeting - p. 85 18. 3.4 A Shortcut Approach to Using Stoichiometric Targeting for Creating and Screening Initial Designs - p. 87 19. 3.5 Homework Problems - p. 97 20. References - p. 110 21. Chapter 4. Process-Improvement Benchmarking of Existing Designs via Mass-Integration Targeting - p. 113 22. Chapter 5. Direct-Recycle Networks: Graphical and Algebraic Targeting Approaches - p. 131 23. Abstract - p. 131 24. 5.1 Problem Statement for the Design of Direct-Recycle Networks - p. 131 25. 5.2 Selection of Sources, Sinks, and Recycle Routes - p. 133 26. 5.3 Direct-Recycle Targets through Material-Recycle Pinch Diagram - p. 134 27. 5.4 Design Rules from the Material-Recycle Pinch Diagram - p. 135 28. 5.5 Extension to the Case of Impure Fresh - p. 137 29. 5.6 Insights for Process Modifications - p. 137 30. 5.7 An Algebraic Approach to Targeting Direct Recycle Networks - p. 138 31. 5.8 Algebraic Targeting Procedure - p. 152 32. 5.9 Generating Implementation Designs Using the Source-Sink Mapping Diagram for Matching Sources and Sinks - p. 154 33. 5.10 Multicomponent Source-Sink Mapping Diagram - p. 160 34. 5.11 Homework Problems - p. 161 35. References - p. 165 36. Chapter 6. Synthesis of Mass-Exchange Networks - p. 167 37. Abstract - p. 167 38. 6.1 Mass-Exchange Network Synthesis Task - p. 167 39. 6.2 The Men-Targeting Approach - p. 168 40. 6.3 The Corresponding Composition Scales - p. 168 41. 6.4 The Mass-Exchange Pinch Diagram - p. 169 42. 6.5 Constructing Pinch Diagrams Without Process MSAs - p. 183 43. 6.6 An Algebraic Approach to Targeting Mass-Exchange Networks - p. 183 44. 6.7 Construction of the Men Configuration with Minimum Number of Exchangers - p. 187 45. 6.8 Trading Off Fixed Cost versus Operating Cost - p. 192 46. 6.9 Problems - p. 195 47. References - p. 200 48. Chapter 7. Combining Mass-Integration Strategies - p. 201 49. Chapter 8. Heat Integration - p. 217 50. Chapter 9. Integration of Combined Heat and Power Systems - p. 239 51. Abstract - p. 239 52. 9.1 heat Engines - p. 239 53. 9.2 Steam Turbines and Power Plants - p. 241 54. 9.3 Placement of Heat Engines and Integration with Thermal Pinch Analysis - p. 248 55. 9.4 Heat Pumps - p. 251 56. 9.5 Closed-Cycle Vapor Compression Heat Pumps Using a Separate Working Fluid (Refrigerant) - p. 252 57. 9.6 vapor-Compression Heat Pumps and Thermal Pinch Diagram - p. 258 58. 9.7 Open-Cycle Mechanical Vapor Recompression Using a Process Stream as the Working Fluid - p. 259 59. 9.8 Absorption Refrigeration Cycles - p. 262 60. 9.9 Cogeneration Targeting - p. 265 61. 9.10 Additional Readings - p. 269 62. 9.11 Homework Problems - p. 271 63. References - p. 272 64. Chapter 10. Property Integration - p. 275 65. Abstract - p. 275 66. 10.1 Property-Based Material Recycle Pinch Diagram - p. 275 67. 10.2 Process Modification Based on Property-Based Pinch Diagram - p. 278 68. 10.3 Clustering Techniques for Multiple Properties - p. 279 69. 10.4 Cluster-Based Source-Sink Mapping Diagram for Property-Based Recycle and Interception - p. 284 70. 10.5 Property-Based Design Rules for Recycle and Interception - p. 285 71. 10.6 Dealing with Multiplicity of Cluster-To-Property Mapping - p. 287 72. 10.7 Relationship between Clusters and Mass Fractions - p. 289 73. 10.8 Additional Readings - p. 294 74. 10.9 Homework - p. 294 75. References - p. 297 76. Chapter 11. Overview of Optimization - p. 299 77. Abstract - p. 299 78. 11.1 What Is Mathematical Programming? - p. 299 79. 11.2 How to Formulate an Optimization Model? - p. 300 80. 11.3 Using the Software Lingo to Solve Optimization Problems - p. 303 81. 11.4 Interpreting Dual Prices in the Results of a Lingo Solution - p. 304 82. 11.5 A Brief Introduction to Sets, Convex Analysis, and Symbols Used in Optimization - p. 314 83. 11.6 the Use of 0–1 Binary-Integer Variables - p. 316 84. 11.7 Enumerating Multiple Solutions Using Integer Cuts - p. 318 85. 11.8 Modeling Disjunctions and Discontinuous Functions with Binary Integer Variables - p. 319 86. 11.9 Using Set Formulations in LINGO - p. 327 87. 11.10 Homework Problems - p. 330 88. References - p. 338 89. Chapter 12. An Optimization Approach to Direct Recycle - p. 339 90. Chapter 13. Synthesis of Mass-Exchange Networks: A Mathematical Programming Approach - p. 355 91. Chapter 14. Synthesis of Reactive Mass-Exchange Networks - p. 375 92. Chapter 15. Mathematical Optimization Techniques for Mass Integration - p. 389 93. Chapter 16. Mathematical Techniques for the Synthesis of Heat-Exchange Networks - p. 411 94. Chapter 17. Synthesis of Heat-Integrated Separation Networks - p. 427 95. Chapter 18. Water-Energy Nexus for Thermal Desalination Processes - p. 443 96. Abstract - p. 443 97. 18.1 Characteristics of Seawater - p. 443 98. 18.2 Single-Effect Evaporators - p. 454 99. 18.3 Multiple-Effect Evaporators (MEE)/Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) - p. 462 100. 18.4 Multistage Flash (MSF) Desalination Systems - p. 492 101. Homework - p. 506 102. References - p. 507 103. Chapter 19. Design of Membrane-Separation Systems - p. 509 104. Abstract - p. 509 105. 19.1 Classification of Pressure-Driven Membrane Separations - p. 509 106. 19.2 Reverse Osmosis Systems - p. 510 107. 19.3 Designing Systems of Multiple Reverse Osmosis Modules - p. 514 108. 19.4 Thermal Membrane Distillation - p. 518 109. 19.5 Problems - p. 528 110. References - p. 532 111. Chapter 20. Macroscopic Approaches of Process Integration - p. 535 112. Chapter 21. Industrial Symbiosis - p. 555 113. Abstract - p. 555 114. 21.1 An Optimization Approach to the Design of EIPs - p. 555 115. 21.2 ATOMIC TARGETING FOR MULTI-SCALE Systems: C-H-O Symbiosis Networks (CHOSYNs) for the Design of Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs) - p. 560 116. 21.3 Homework Problems - p. 570 117. References - p. 571 118. Chapter 22. Decarbonization Strategies via Process Integration - p. 573 119. Chapter 23. Intensification, Safety, and Resilience via Process Integration - p. 599 120. Chapter 24. Concluding Thoughts: Launching Successful Process-Integration Initiatives and Applications - p. 609 121. Appendix A. Conversion Relationships for Concentrations and Conversion Factor for Units - p. 615 122. Appendix B. Modeling of Mass-Exchange Units for Environmental Applications - p. 619 123. Index - p. 635
