Understanding Process Equipment for Operators and Engineers explains how process equipment functions. As problems often arise in plants that must be solved by unit engineers, this book offers successful solutions and methods for their implementation. The concepts explained are based on Norm Lieberman’s personal, hands-on experience. Like you, Norm attended a university and was exposed to technical seminars which did not always provide the needed solutions. In this text, you will learn the functioning of a variety of equipment types, including Fired Heater Draft, Centrifugal Pump Head, Distillation Tray Efficiency, Vacuum Jets, Recip Compressors, Steam Turbines, Thermosyphon Circulation Reboilers and Air Cooler.
1. Introduction: An Act of Creation - p. xxv 2. General Introduction - p. xxvii 3. 1: Basics of Process Operations and Engineering - p. xxviii 4. Part 1: Fractionation - p. 4 5. 2: Factors Affecting Tray Fractionation Efficiency - p. 4 6. 3: Function of Reflux in Distillation Towers - p. 17 7. 4: How Distillation Trays Work - p. 25 8. 5: De-entrainment of Vapors - p. 31 9. 6: Fractionator Wash Oil Grids - p. 39 10. 7: Installation Error Causes Fractionator Flooding - p. 45 11. 8: Oil-Water Separation - p. 51 12. Part 2: Hydraulics - p. 59 13. 9: Hydraulics—Head; Pressure; Velocity - p. 59 14. 10: Common Hydraulic Problems - p. 68 15. 11: Applying Hydraulics to Process Problems - p. 76 16. Part 3: Heat Transfer - p. 82 17. 12: Troubleshooting Cooling Water Circuits - p. 82 18. 13: Thermosyphon Circulation and Draft - p. 91 19. 14: Latent Heat Transfer Concepts - p. 101 20. 15: Steam Flow Through Reboilers - p. 111 21. 16: Heat Exchange in Condensers and Reboilers - p. 118 22. 17: Crude Unit—Heat Exchanger Fouling - p. 125 23. Part 4: Revamping Process Units - p. 132 24. 18: Guide to Revamping Process Units - p. 132 25. 19: Problems in Computer Modeling of Process Units - p. 144 26. 20: Does Computer Modeling Reflect Reality?—Diesel Freeze Point - p. 151 27. Part 5: Fired Heaters - p. 155 28. 21: Effect of Combustion Air Preheat on a Fired Heater - p. 155 29. 22: Fired Heater—Safe Shutdown Due to a Tube Failure - p. 162 30. Part 6: Vacuum System - p. 166 31. 23: Vacuum Towers - p. 166 32. 24: Upgrading Vacuum Tower Performance - p. 173 33. 25: Vacuum Ejectors as Wellhead Compressors - p. 181 34. Part 7: Steam Turbines and Ejectors - p. 189 35. 26: Steam Turbine Vacuum Surface Condensers - p. 189 36. 27: Practical Use of Thermodynamics - p. 199 37. 28: How Steam Does Work in Engines, Turbines, and Vacuum Ejectors - p. 207 38. Part 8: Rotating Equipment - p. 216 39. 29: Centrifugal Pumps - p. 216 40. 30: Centrifugal Pumps: Required Starting NPSH - p. 226 41. 31: How Compressors Work - p. 239 42. 32: Why Centrifugal Compressors Surge - p. 250 43. 33: Refrigeration System - p. 257 44. Part 9: Reciprocating Compressors and Piping Vibrations - p. 266 45. 34: Reciprocating Compressors - p. 266 46. 35: Piping Vibrations - p. 281 47. Part 10: Problems in Process Operations and Engineering Principles - p. 286 48. 36: Problems in Measuring Process Variables - p. 286 49. 37: Cleaning Process Equipment - p. 295 50. 38: Learning Process Engineering Principles - p. 304 51. 39: Approximate Process Calculation Methods - p. 310 52. 40: How to Make a Technical Presentation - p. 313 53. Part 11: Plant Safety - p. 320 54. 41: Plant Safety Fundamentals - p. 320 55. 42: Dangers of H2S, Steam, Nitrogen, and Hot Water - p. 329 56. 43: Safety—Attitude or Engineering? - p. 335 57. 44: Danger of Improper Process Controls - p. 339 58. 45: Process Plant Safety - p. 344 59. 46: Avoiding Death and Disaster - p. 351 60. Part 12: Caring for Our Environment - p. 360 61. 47: Our Engineering Function in an Era of Global Warming - p. 360 62. 48: Suppressing CO2 Emissions - p. 369 63. Index - p. 389
Understanding Process Equipment for Operators and Engineers explains how process equipment functions. As problems often arise in plants that must be solved by unit engineers, this book offers successful solutions and methods for their implementation. The concepts explained are based on Norm Lieberman’s personal, hands-on experience. Like you, Norm attended a university and was exposed to technical seminars which did not always provide the needed solutions. In this text, you will learn the functioning of a variety of equipment types, including Fired Heater Draft, Centrifugal Pump Head, Distillation Tray Efficiency, Vacuum Jets, Recip Compressors, Steam Turbines, Thermosyphon Circulation Reboilers and Air Cooler.
1. Introduction: An Act of Creation - p. xxv 2. General Introduction - p. xxvii 3. 1: Basics of Process Operations and Engineering - p. xxviii 4. Part 1: Fractionation - p. 4 5. 2: Factors Affecting Tray Fractionation Efficiency - p. 4 6. 3: Function of Reflux in Distillation Towers - p. 17 7. 4: How Distillation Trays Work - p. 25 8. 5: De-entrainment of Vapors - p. 31 9. 6: Fractionator Wash Oil Grids - p. 39 10. 7: Installation Error Causes Fractionator Flooding - p. 45 11. 8: Oil-Water Separation - p. 51 12. Part 2: Hydraulics - p. 59 13. 9: Hydraulics—Head; Pressure; Velocity - p. 59 14. 10: Common Hydraulic Problems - p. 68 15. 11: Applying Hydraulics to Process Problems - p. 76 16. Part 3: Heat Transfer - p. 82 17. 12: Troubleshooting Cooling Water Circuits - p. 82 18. 13: Thermosyphon Circulation and Draft - p. 91 19. 14: Latent Heat Transfer Concepts - p. 101 20. 15: Steam Flow Through Reboilers - p. 111 21. 16: Heat Exchange in Condensers and Reboilers - p. 118 22. 17: Crude Unit—Heat Exchanger Fouling - p. 125 23. Part 4: Revamping Process Units - p. 132 24. 18: Guide to Revamping Process Units - p. 132 25. 19: Problems in Computer Modeling of Process Units - p. 144 26. 20: Does Computer Modeling Reflect Reality?—Diesel Freeze Point - p. 151 27. Part 5: Fired Heaters - p. 155 28. 21: Effect of Combustion Air Preheat on a Fired Heater - p. 155 29. 22: Fired Heater—Safe Shutdown Due to a Tube Failure - p. 162 30. Part 6: Vacuum System - p. 166 31. 23: Vacuum Towers - p. 166 32. 24: Upgrading Vacuum Tower Performance - p. 173 33. 25: Vacuum Ejectors as Wellhead Compressors - p. 181 34. Part 7: Steam Turbines and Ejectors - p. 189 35. 26: Steam Turbine Vacuum Surface Condensers - p. 189 36. 27: Practical Use of Thermodynamics - p. 199 37. 28: How Steam Does Work in Engines, Turbines, and Vacuum Ejectors - p. 207 38. Part 8: Rotating Equipment - p. 216 39. 29: Centrifugal Pumps - p. 216 40. 30: Centrifugal Pumps: Required Starting NPSH - p. 226 41. 31: How Compressors Work - p. 239 42. 32: Why Centrifugal Compressors Surge - p. 250 43. 33: Refrigeration System - p. 257 44. Part 9: Reciprocating Compressors and Piping Vibrations - p. 266 45. 34: Reciprocating Compressors - p. 266 46. 35: Piping Vibrations - p. 281 47. Part 10: Problems in Process Operations and Engineering Principles - p. 286 48. 36: Problems in Measuring Process Variables - p. 286 49. 37: Cleaning Process Equipment - p. 295 50. 38: Learning Process Engineering Principles - p. 304 51. 39: Approximate Process Calculation Methods - p. 310 52. 40: How to Make a Technical Presentation - p. 313 53. Part 11: Plant Safety - p. 320 54. 41: Plant Safety Fundamentals - p. 320 55. 42: Dangers of H2S, Steam, Nitrogen, and Hot Water - p. 329 56. 43: Safety—Attitude or Engineering? - p. 335 57. 44: Danger of Improper Process Controls - p. 339 58. 45: Process Plant Safety - p. 344 59. 46: Avoiding Death and Disaster - p. 351 60. Part 12: Caring for Our Environment - p. 360 61. 47: Our Engineering Function in an Era of Global Warming - p. 360 62. 48: Suppressing CO2 Emissions - p. 369 63. Index - p. 389
