Year Book of Hand and Upper Limb Surgery 2015

1. Cover image - p. 1 2. Title page - p. 2 3. Table of Contents - p. 3 4. 1. Hand and Wrist Arthritis - p. 9 5. The Biomechanical Stability of Salvage Procedures for Distal Radioulnar Joint Arthritis - p. 10 6. Long-Term Results of Arthroscopic Wrist Synovectomy in Rheumatoid Arthritis - p. 11 7. Comparison of Arthroplasties With or Without Bone Tunnel Creation for Thumb Basal Joint Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 12 8. Effect of Carpometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis, Sex, and Handedness on Thumb In Vivo Kinematics - p. 13 9. Disability in Patients with Trapeziometacarpal Joint Arthrosis: Incidental Versus Presenting Diagnosis - p. 14 10. The Effect of Pisiform Excision on Wrist Function - p. 15 11. Proximal Row Carpectomy Versus Scaphoid Excision and Intercarpal Arthrodesis: Intraoperative Assessment and Procedure Selection - p. 16 12. Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty for Primary Osteoarthritis Using a Volar Approach - p. 17 13. Osteochondral Resurfacing With Proximal Row Carpectomy: 8-Year Follow-Up - p. 18 14. Rigid versus semi-rigid orthotic use following TMC arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial - p. 19 15. 2. Dupuytren's Contracture - p. 20 16. Multiple Collagenase Injections Are Safe for Treatment of Dupuytren's Contractures - p. 21 17. Steroid Injection and Needle Aponeurotomy for Dupuytren Disease: Long-Term Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 22 18. Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing 1- Versus 7-Day Manipulation Following Collagenase Injection for Dupuytren Contracture - p. 23 19. Patterns of Dupuytren Disease in Fingers: Studying Correlations with a Multivariate Ordinal Logit Model - p. 24 20. 3. Tendon - p. 25 21. The Detrimental Effects of Systemic Ibuprofen Delivery on Tendon Healing Are Time-Dependent - p. 26 22. Parathyroid Hormone 1–34 Enhances Extracellular Matrix Deposition and Organization During Flexor Tendon Repair - p. 27 23. CORR® ORS Richard A. Brand Award for Outstanding Orthopaedic Research: Engineering Flexor Tendon Repair With Lubricant, Cells, and Cytokines in a Canine Model - p. 28 24. Primary Flexor Tendon Repair in Zones 1 and 2: Early Passive Mobilization Versus Controlled Active Motion - p. 29 25. Reattachment of Flexor Digitorum Profundus Avulsion: Biomechanical Performance of 3 Techniques - p. 30 26. Wide-Awake Extensor Indicis Proprius to Extensor Pollicis Longus Tendon Transfer - p. 31 27. Rehabilitation of a patient following hand replantation after near-complete distal forearm amputation - p. 32 28. Percutaneous Trigger Thumb Release in Children: Neither Effective Nor Safe - p. 33 29. The Biophysical Characteristics of Human Composite Flexor Tendon Allograft for Upper Extremity Reconstruction - p. 34 30. Long-Term Outcomes Following a Single Corticosteroid Injection for Trigger Finger - p. 35 31. Percutaneous First Annular Pulley Release for Trigger Digits: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Current Evidence - p. 36 32. Trigger Finger: Assessment of Surgeon and Patient Preferences and Priorities for Decision Making - p. 37 33. The Efficacy of 95-Hz Topical Vibration in Pain Reduction for Trigger Finger Injection: A Placebo-Controlled, Prospective, Randomized Trial - p. 38 34. Treatment preferences for trigger digit by members of the American Association for Hand Surgery - p. 39 35. Standard versus over-tensioning in the transfer of extensor indicis proprius to extensor pollicis longus for chronic rupture of the thumb extensor - p. 40 36. Relative Motion Splint: Active Motion After Extensor Tendon Injury and Repair - p. 41 37. 4. Wrist Arthroscopy - p. 42 38. Does Body Mass Index Affect Outcomes of Ambulatory Knee and Shoulder Surgery? - p. 43 39. Arthroscopy After Locked Plating of Proximal Humeral Fractures: Implant Removal, Capsular Release, and Intra-articular Findings - p. 44 40. 5. Carpus - p. 45 41. Pisiform Excision for Pisotriquetral Instability and Arthritis - p. 46 42. Surgical management of the wrist in children with cerebral palsy and traumatic brain injury - p. 47 43. Distal Scaphoid Resection for Degenerative Arthritis Secondary to Scaphoid Nonunion: A 20-Year Experience - p. 48 44. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Impairs Thumb Opposition and Circumduction Motion - p. 49 45. Radiographic Evaluation of the Modified Brunelli Technique Versus a Scapholunotriquetral Transosseous Tenodesis Technique for Scapholunate Dissociation - p. 50 46. Vascularized Medial Femoral Trochlea Osteochondral Flap Reconstruction of Advanced Kienböck Disease - p. 51 47. Comparison of Two Percutaneous Volar Approaches for Screw Fixation of Scaphoid Waist Fractures: Radiographic and Biomechanical Study of an Osteotomy-Simulated Model - p. 52 48. 6. Distal Radius Fractures - p. 53 49. Biomechanical Comparison of Bicortical Locking Versus Unicortical Far-Cortex–Abutting Locking Screw-Plate Fixation for Comminuted Radial Shaft Fractures - p. 54 50. The Effect of Brachioradialis Release During Distal Radius Fracture Fixation on Elbow Flexion Strength and Wrist Function - p. 55 51. The Effects of Ulnar Styloid Fractures on Patients Sustaining Distal Radius Fractures - p. 56 52. Total Joint Arthroplasty of the Distal Radioulnar Joint for Rheumatoid Arthritis - p. 57 53. The Effect of Brachioradialis Release During Distal Radius Fracture Fixation on Elbow Flexion Strength and Wrist Function - p. 58 54. The Effects of Ulnar Styloid Fractures on Patients Sustaining Distal Radius Fractures - p. 59 55. Factors Delaying Recovery After Volar Plate Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures - p. 60 56. Distal Radial Fractures in Older Men: A Missed Opportunity? - p. 61 57. Radiographic interpretation of distal radius fractures: visual estimations versus digital measuring techniques - p. 62 58. Complications Associated With Operative Versus Nonsurgical Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures in Patients Aged 65 Years and Older - p. 63 59. Accelerated Rehabilitation Compared with a Standard Protocol After Distal Radial Fractures Treated with Volar Open Reduction and Internal Fixation: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study - p. 64 60. The Influence of Vitamin C on the Outcome of Distal Radial Fractures: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 65 61. Percutaneous Distal Radius–Ulna Pinning of Distal Radius Fractures to Prevent Settling - p. 66 62. Testing the Validity of Preventing Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome With Vitamin C After Distal Radius Fracture - p. 67 63. Readmissions after treatment of distal radius fractures - p. 68 64. Outcomes and Cost of Care for Patients With Distal Radius Fractures - p. 69 65. Early Changes in Bone Density, Microarchitecture, Bone Resorption, and Inflammation Predict the Clinical Outcome 12 Weeks After Conservatively Treated Distal Radius Fractures: An Exploratory Study - p. 70 66. The Impact of Coronal Alignment on Distal Radioulnar Joint Stability Following Distal Radius Fracture - p. 71 67. Therapist supervised clinic-based therapy versus instruction in a home program following distal radius fracture: A systematic review - p. 72 68. Intraoperative evaluation of dorsal screw prominence after polyaxial volar plate fixation of distal radius fractures utilizing the Hoya view: a cadaveric study - p. 73 69. Ultrasound-Assisted Closed Reduction of Distal Radius Fractures - p. 74 70. Malpractice in Distal Radius Fracture Management: An Analysis of Closed Claims - p. 75 71. Radiographic Scoring System to Evaluate Union of Distal Radius Fractures - p. 76 72. 7. Elbow: Trauma - p. 77 73. Surgical Treatment of Posterolateral Rotatory Instability of the Elbow - p. 78 74. Reduction of Pulled Elbow - p. 79 75. Hinged external fixation for complex fracture-dislocation of the elbow in elderly people - p. 80 76. Long-Term Outcomes of Isolated Stable Radial Head Fractures - p. 81 77. Is ORIF Superior to Nonoperative Treatment in Isolated Displaced Partial Articular Fractures of the Radial Head? - p. 82 78. The treatment of the acute Essex-Lopresti injury - p. 83 79. Anconeus pedicle olecranon flip osteotomy: an approach for the fixation of complex intra-articular distal humeral fractures - p. 84 80. Distribution of Coronoid Fracture Lines by Specific Patterns of Traumatic Elbow Instability - p. 85 81. Radial Head Reconstruction in Elbow Fracture-Dislocation: Monopolar or Bipolar Prosthesis? - p. 86 82. The Management of Elbow Instability Using an Internal Joint Stabilizer: Preliminary Results - p. 87 83. Comparison of lateral and posterior surgical approach in management of extra-articular distal humeral shaft fractures - p. 88 84. CORR Insights®: Long-term Outcome of Displaced, Transverse, Noncomminuted Olecranon Fractures - p. 89 85. Determining the Efficacy of Screw and Washer Fixation as a Method for Securing Olecranon Osteotomies Used in the Surgical Management of Intraarticular Distal Humerus Fractures - p. 90 86. A Preliminary Report of Acute and Subacute Arthroscopic Repair of the Radial Ulnohumeral Ligament After Elbow Dislocation in the High-Demand Patient - p. 91 87. Can We Treat Select Terrible Triad Injuries Nonoperatively? - p. 92 88. Transverse Coronoid Fracture: When Does It Have to Be Fixed? - p. 93 89. Injury Patterns and Outcomes of Open Fractures of the Proximal Ulna Do Not Differ From Closed Fractures - p. 94 90. Surgical Techniques of Olecranon Fractures - p. 95 91. Terrible Triad Injuries of the Elbow: Does the Coronoid Always Need to Be Fixed? - p. 96 92. Comparative Study of Simple and Complex Open Elbow Dislocations - p. 97 93. Radiographic Loss of Contact Between Radial Head Fracture Fragments Is Moderately Reliable - p. 98 94. Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Radial Head Fractures: Do Outcomes Differ Between Simple and Complex Injuries? - p. 99 95. 8. Elbow: Miscellaneous - p. 100 96. Stress Ultrasound Evaluation of Medial Elbow Instability in a Cadaveric Model - p. 101 97. Anconeus Interposition Arthroplasty: Mid- to Long-term Results - p. 102 98. Fixation Versus Replacement of Radial Head in Terrible Triad: Is There a Difference in Elbow Stability and Prognosis? - p. 103 99. Terrible Triad Injuries of the Elbow: Does the Coronoid Always Need to Be Fixed? - p. 104 100. Three-Tesla MR imaging of the elbow in non-symptomatic professional baseball pitchers - p. 105 101. Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Humeral Capitellum Among Adolescent Baseball Players - p. 106 102. Risk Factors for Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in High School Baseball Pitchers: The Role of Preseason Strength and Range of Motion - p. 107 103. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation as adjunct to primary care management for tennis elbow: pragmatic randomised controlled trial (TATE trial) - p. 108 104. Delayed-Onset Ulnar Neuritis After Release of Elbow Contractures: Clinical Presentation, Pathological Findings, and Treatment - p. 109 105. Outcomes of an Open Autologous Osteochondral Plug Graft for Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans: Time to Return to Sports - p. 110 106. Endoscopic Cubital Tunnel Release - p. 111 107. Non-surgical treatment of lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials - p. 112 108. Medial Collateral Ligament of the Elbow: Acute Deterioration in Throwing Athletes - p. 113 109. Postoperative Ulnar Neuropathy is not Necessarily Iatrogenic: A Prospective Study on Dynamic Ulnar Nerve Dislocation at The Elbow - p. 114 110. Clinical Results After Arthroscopic Treatment for Septic Arthritis of the Elbow Joint - p. 115 111. The Fascial Elevation and Tendon Origin Resection Technique for the Treatment of Chronic Recalcitrant Medial Epicondylitis - p. 116 112. Long-term Outcomes After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Competitive Baseball Players: Minimum 10-Year Follow-up - p. 117 113. Radial Head Reconstruction in Elbow Fracture-Dislocation: Monopolar or Bipolar Prosthesis? - p. 118 114. Deficits in Glenohumeral Passive Range of Motion Increase Risk of Elbow Injury in Professional Baseball Pitchers: A Prospective Study - p. 119 115. Selective 360° Percutaneous Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Tendon Release for Tennis Elbow: An Experimental Study - p. 120 116. Radiocapitellar Joint Contact Pressures Following Radial Head Arthroplasty - p. 121 117. Discovery Elbow System: 2- to 5-Year Results in Distal Humerus Fractures and Posttraumatic Conditions: A Prospective Study on 24 Patients - p. 122 118. Radial Head Replacement for Acute Complex Fractures: What Are the Rate and Risks Factors for Revision or Removal? - p. 123 119. 9. Brachial Plexus - p. 124 120. Surgical correction of shoulder rotation deformity in brachial plexus birth palsy: long-term results in 118 patients - p. 125 121. The Role of Subscapularis Muscle Denervation in the Pathogenesis of Shoulder Internal Rotation Contracture after Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy: A Study in a Rat Model - p. 126 122. Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block in upper limb surgery: outcomes and patient satisfaction - p. 127 123. Reconstruction of Pediatric Brachial Plexus Injuries With Nerve Grafts and Nerve Transfers - p. 128 124. Median nerve fascicle transfer versus ulnar nerve fascicle transfer to the biceps motor branch in C5-C6 and C5-C7 brachial plexus injuries: Nonrandomized prospective study of 23 consecutive patients - p. 129 125. Thoracodorsal Nerve Transfer for Elbow Flexion Reconstruction in Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Injuries - p. 130 126. Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy with Neurotmesis of C5 and Avulsion of C6: Supraclavicular Reconstruction Strategies and Outcome - p. 131 127. Double Fascicular Nerve Transfer for Elbow Flexion and Extension - p. 132 128. 10. Shoulder: Rotator Cuff - p. 133 129. Rotator Cuff Tear Degeneration and Cell Apoptosis in Smokers Versus Nonsmokers - p. 134 130. Arthroscopic-Assisted Latissimus Dorsi Transfer for the Management of Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Short-Term Results - p. 135 131. Three-Dimensional Analysis of Acromial Morphologic Characteristics in Patients With and Without Rotator Cuff Tears Using a Reconstructed Computed Tomography Model - p. 136 132. Tendon Repair Compared with Physiotherapy in the Treatment of Rotator Cuff Tears: A Randomized Controlled Study in 103 Cases with a Five-Year Follow-up - p. 137 133. Effect of the Interposition of Calcium Phosphate Materials on Tendon-Bone Healing During Repair of Chronic Rotator Cuff Tear - p. 138 134. Tendon Repair Compared with Physiotherapy in the Treatment of Rotator Cuff Tears: A Randomized Controlled Study in 103 Cases with a Five-Year Follow-up - p. 139 135. A Survey of Expert Opinion Regarding Rotator Cuff Repair - p. 141 136. Arthroscopic Repair of Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears With and Without Acromioplasty: Randomized Prospective Trial With 2-Year Follow-Up - p. 142 137. The Detrimental Effects of Systemic Ibuprofen Delivery on Tendon Healing Are Time-Dependent - p. 143 138. Is Double-Row Rotator Cuff Repair Clinically Superior to Single-Row Rotator Cuff Repair: A Systematic Review of Overlapping Meta-analyses - p. 144 139. Effect of Postoperative Passive Motion on Rotator Cuff Reconstruction With Acellular Dermal Matrix Grafts in a Rat Model - p. 145 140. 11. Shoulder: Miscellaneous - p. 146 141. Hill-Sachs Lesions in Shoulders With Traumatic Anterior Instability: Evaluation Using Computed Tomography with 3-Dimensional Reconstruction - p. 147 142. Online Resources for Shoulder Instability: What Are Patients Reading? - p. 148 143. The Open Latarjet Procedure Is More Reliable in Terms of Shoulder Stability Than Arthroscopic Bankart Repair - p. 149 144. Measurement of the Glenoid Track In Vivo as Investigated by 3-Dimensional Motion Analysis Using Open MRI - p. 150 145. Arthroscopy After Locked Plating of Proximal Humeral Fractures: Implant Removal, Capsular Release, and Intra-articular Findings - p. 151 146. How often do surgeons intervene on shoulder labral lesions detected at MR examination? A retrospective review of MR examinations correlated with arthroscopy - p. 152 147. Arthroscopic Stabilization for Recurrent Shoulder Instability With Moderate Glenoid Bone Defect in Patients With Moderate to Low Functional Demand - p. 153 148. Dexamethasone for pain after outpatient shoulder surgery: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial - p. 154 149. Glenohumeral Contact Pressure With Simulated Anterior Labral and Osseous Defects in Cadaveric Shoulders Before and After Soft Tissue Repair - p. 155 150. Improper Trunk Rotation Sequence Is Associated With Increased Maximal Shoulder External Rotation Angle and Shoulder Joint Force in High School Baseball Pitchers - p. 156 151. Comparison of 3–Dimensional Shoulder Complex Kinematics in Individuals With and Without Shoulder Pain, Part 1: Sternoclavicular, Acromioclavicular, and Scapulothoracic Joints - p. 157 152. Is there a relationship between subacromial impingement syndrome and scapular orientation? A systematic review - p. 159 153. 12. Diagnostic Imaging - p. 160 154. Effect of Wrist Position on Distal Radioulnar Joint Stability: A Biomechanical Study - p. 161 155. Osteoarthritis of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb: a new MR imaging technique for the standardized detection of relevant ligamental lesions - p. 162 156. Radiation Exposure to Hand Surgeons' Hands: A Practical Comparison of Large and Mini C-Arm Fluoroscopy - p. 163 157. 13. Compressive Neuropathies - p. 164 158. Effectiveness of Ultrasound-Guided Carpal Tunnel Injection Using In-Plane Ulnar Approach: A Prospective, Randomized, Single-Blinded Study - p. 165 159. Symptom Severity and Conservative Treatment for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Association With Eventual Carpal Tunnel Release - p. 166 160. Simultaneous Bilateral or Unilateral Carpal Tunnel Release? A Prospective Cohort Study of Early Outcomes and Limitations - p. 167 161. An Outcomes Protocol for Carpal Tunnel Release: A Comparison of Outcomes in Patients With and Without Medical Comorbidities - p. 168 162. Electrophysiological Assessment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Elderly Patients: One-Year Follow-Up Study - p. 169 163. Comparison of Ultrasound and Electrodiagnostic Testing for Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Study Using a Validated Clinical Tool as the Reference Standard - p. 170 164. Carpal tunnel decompression in the super-elderly: functional outcome and patient satisfaction are equal to those of their younger counterparts - p. 171 165. Clinical efficacy of simple decompression versus anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve for the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome: A meta-analysis - p. 172 166. An Anatomical Basis for Endoscopic Cubital Tunnel Release and Associated Clinical Outcomes - p. 173 167. Retractor-Endoscopic Nerve Decompression in Carpal and Cubital Tunnel Syndromes: Outcomes in a Small Series - p. 174 168. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Diagnosis and Treatment: A Survey of Members of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand - p. 175 169. Diagnostic criteria of carpal tunnel syndrome using high-resolution ultrasonography: correlation with nerve conduction studies - p. 176 170. Ulnar nerve deep branch compression by a ganglion: a review of nine cases - p. 177 171. Does the Ulnar Nerve Enlarge After Surgical Transposition? - p. 178 172. Ulnar Neuropathy as a Result of Anconeus Epitrochlearis - p. 179 173. Outcomes of Revision Surgery for Cubital Tunnel Syndrome - p. 180 174. 14. Nerve - p. 181 175. Comparison of Nerve, Vessel, and Cartilage Grafts in Promoting Peripheral Nerve Regeneration - p. 182 176. A quantitative study of vibration injury to peripheral nerves—introducing a new longitudinal section analysis - p. 183 177. Evaluation of Sensory Recovery After Reconstruction of Digital Nerves of the Hand Using Muscle-in-vein Conduits in Comparison to Nerve Suture or Nerve Autografting - p. 184 178. A new device for nerve approximation in traumatic injuries of extremities - p. 185 179. Direct Radial to Ulnar Nerve Transfer to Restore Intrinsic Muscle Function in Combined Proximal Median and Ulnar Nerve Injury: Case Report and Surgical Technique - p. 186 180. An anatomical study of transfer of the anterior interosseous nerve for the treatment of proximal ulnar nerve injuries - p. 187 181. An anatomical study of transfer of the anterior interosseous nerve for the treatment of proximal ulnar nerve injuries - p. 188 182. Further Evidence for Treatment of Recalcitrant Neuropathy of the Upper Limb With Autologous Vein Wrapping - p. 189 183. Functional and electrophysiological outcome after autogenous vein wrapping of primary repaired ulnar nerves - p. 190 184. Does the addition of a nerve wrap to a motor nerve repair affect motor outcomes? - p. 191 185. Direct Radial to Ulnar Nerve Transfer to Restore Intrinsic Muscle Function in Combined Proximal Median and Ulnar Nerve Injury: Case Report and Surgical Technique - p. 192 186. 15. Microsurgery - p. 193 187. Use of Integra Artificial Dermis to Reduce Donor Site Morbidity After Pedicle Flaps in Hand Surgery - p. 194 188. Microsurgical Pedicle Lengthening for Pedicled Thoracodorsal Artery Perforator Flap Transfer - p. 195 189. Use of a Distal Ulnar Artery Perforator—Based Bilobed Free Flap for Repairing Complex Digital Defects - p. 196 190. Tamai zone I fingertip replantation: Is external bleeding obligatory for survival of artery anastomosis-only replanted digits? - p. 197 191. Functional Free Muscle Transfer for Upper Extremity Reconstruction - p. 198 192. 16. Trauma - p. 199 193. CT scan-evaluated outcome of pulsed electromagnetic fields in the treatment of acute scaphoid fractures: a randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial - p. 200 194. Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction Using a Flexor Carpi Radialis Tendon Graft - p. 201 195. Reduction and Association of the Scaphoid and Lunate Procedure: Short-Term Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes - p. 202 196. Clinical Diagnostic Evaluation for Scaphoid Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - p. 203 197. Scaphoid Nonunions Treated With 2 Headless Compression Screws and Bone Grafting - p. 204 198. Intraobserver and Interobserver Variability in Diagnosing Scapholunate Dissociation by Cineradiography - p. 205 199. Load Transfer at the Distal Ulna Following Simulated Distal Radius Fracture Malalignment - p. 206 200. The Role of Prophylactic Ulnar Nerve Release During Elbow Contracture Release - p. 207 201. Soft-Tissue Mallet Injuries: A Comparison of Early and Delayed Treatment - p. 208 202. Cortical comminution in distal radial fractures can predict the radiological outcome: a cohort multicentre study - p. 209 203. Interobserver Variability in the Treatment of Little Finger Metacarpal Neck Fractures - p. 210 204. The Impact of Three-Dimensional CT Imaging on Intraobserver and Interobserver Reliability of Proximal Humeral Fracture Classifications and Treatment Recommendations - p. 211 205. Upright Versus Supine Radiographs of Clavicle Fractures: Does Positioning Matter? - p. 212 206. Factors Predicting Complication and Reoperation Rates Following Surgical Fixation of Proximal Humeral Fractures - p. 213 207. A comparison of suprascapular nerve block and procedural sedation analgesia in shoulder dislocation reduction - p. 214 208. The Influence of Local Bone Density on the Outcome of One Hundred and Fifty Proximal Humeral Fractures Treated with a Locking Plate - p. 215 209. The outcome of proximal humeral fractures in the elderly: predictors of mortality and function - p. 216 210. A new morphological classification for greater tuberosity fractures of the proximal humerus: validation and clinical implications - p. 217 211. 17. Pediatric/Congenital - p. 218 212. Hand Function in Adults with Radial Longitudinal Deficiency - p. 219 213. Hand Surgery for Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa - p. 220 214. Developing a Pollicization Outcomes Measure - p. 221 215. Long-Finger Pollicization for Macrodactyly of the Thumb and Index Finger - p. 222 216. Long-Term Outcomes Following Radial Polydactyly Reconstruction - p. 223 217. Chronic Anterior Monteggia Lesions in Children: Report of 4 Cases Treated With Closed Reduction by Ulnar Osteotomy and External Fixation - p. 224 218. Capitellar Fractures—Is Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Necessary? - p. 225 219. Closed Reduction and K-Wiring With the Kapandji Technique for Completely Displaced Pediatric Distal Radial Fractures - p. 226 220. Supracondylar Humeral Fractures with Isolated Anterior Interosseous Nerve Injuries: Is Urgent Treatment Necessary? - p. 227 221. Iatrogenic Nerve Injuries in the Treatment of Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: Are We Really Just Missing Nerve Injuries on Preoperative Examination? - p. 228 222. Observation and surgery are associated with low risk of amputation for blunt brachial artery injury in pediatric patients - p. 229 223. 18. Rehabilitation - p. 230 224. Sex Differences in Dynamic Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Quarter Function in Collegiate Swimmers - p. 231 225. A custom bicycle handlebar adaptation for children with below elbow amputations - p. 232 226. The push-off test: Development of a simple, reliable test of upper extremity weight-bearing capability - p. 233 227. Differences in response rates between mail, e-mail, and telephone follow-up in hand surgery research - p. 234 228. Elbow Joint Fatigue and Bench-Press Training - p. 235 229. Evaluation of the PROMIS Physical Function Computer Adaptive Test in the Upper Extremity - p. 236 230. 19. Miscellaneous - p. 237 231. Primary Tuberculosis of the Clavicle - p. 238 232. Surgical Trends in the Treatment of Superior Labrum Anterior and Posterior Lesions of the Shoulder: Analysis of Data From the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Certification Examination Database - p. 239 233. Comparison of 3–Dimensional Shoulder Complex Kinematics in Individuals With and Without Shoulder Pain, Part 2: Glenohumeral Joint - p. 240 234. Collateral Ligament Laxity of the Finger Metacarpophalangeal Joints: An In Vivo Study - p. 241 235. Return to Football and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes After Thumb Ulnar Collateral Ligament Suture Anchor Repair in Collegiate Athletes - p. 242 236. Comparison of the Anatomical Dimensions and Mechanical Properties of the Dorsoradial and Anterior Oblique Ligaments of the Trapeziometacarpal Joint - p. 243 237. The Impact of Obesity on Complications of Elbow, Forearm, and Hand Surgeries - p. 244 238. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Assessment of Surgeon and Patient Preferences and Priorities for Decision-Making - p. 245 239. Evidence for safe tourniquet use in 500 consecutive upper extremity procedures - p. 246 240. Volar locking plate fixation of distal radius fractures: use of an intra-operative ‘carpal shoot through’ view to identify dorsal compartment and distal radioulnar joint screw penetration - p. 247 241. Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Palmar Fasciectomy for Dupuytren's Disease - p. 248 242. The operative treatment of fractures of the distal radius is increasing: results from a nationwide Swedish study - p. 249 243. An open-label comparison of local anesthesia with or without sedation for minor hand surgery - p. 250 244. Litigation relating to conditions affecting the shoulder and elbow: an analysis of claims against the National Health Service - p. 251 245. Upper Extremity Orthoses Use in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Motor Neuron Disease: Three Case Reports - p. 252 246. Factors Used by Program Directors to Select Hand Surgery Fellows - p. 253 247. Patient-centered care and distal radius fracture outcomes: A prospective cohort study analysis - p. 254 248. Discrepancies Between Meeting Abstracts and Subsequent Full Text Publications in Hand Surgery - p. 255 249. Ethical and Educational Considerations in Coding Hand Surgeries - p. 256 250. Second Toe Metatarsophalangeal Joint Transfer for Sternoclavicular Joint Reconstruction - p. 257 251. Forearm Bier Block: A New Regional Anesthetic Technique for Upper Extremity Surgery - p. 258 252. Cytotoxic Effects of Ropivacaine, Bupivacaine, and Lidocaine on Rotator Cuff Tenofibroblasts - p. 259 253. Thrombin and Topical Local Anesthetic for Postoperative Pain Management - p. 260 254. Effect of Anxiety and Catastrophic Pain Ideation on Early Recovery After Surgery for Distal Radius Fractures - p. 261