Year Book of Medicine 2013

1. Cover image - p. 1 2. Title page - p. 2 3. Table of Contents - p. 3 4. Chapter 1 - Rheumatoid Arthritis - p. 10 5. Tofacitinib or Adalimumab versus Placebo in Rheumatoid Arthritis - p. 11 6. A Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Study of Oral Triple Therapy Versus Etanercept Plus Methotrexate in Early Aggressive Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Treatment of Early Aggressive Rheumatoid Arthritis Trial - p. 12 7. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Disease-Related Autoantibodies in Individuals at Increased Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis - p. 13 8. Propensity-Adjusted Association of Methotrexate With Overall Survival in Rheumatoid Arthritis - p. 14 9. Maintenance, reduction, or withdrawal of etanercept after treatment with etanercept and methotrexate in patients with moderate rheumatoid arthritis (PRESERVE): A randomised controlled trial - p. 15 10. Chapter 2 - Drug Toxicity - p. 16 11. Risk of Malignancies in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Biologic Therapy: A Meta-analysis - p. 17 12. Chapter 3 - Osteoarthritis - p. 18 13. Surgery versus Physical Therapy for a Meniscal Tear and Osteoarthritis - p. 19 14. Chapter 4 - Fibromyalgia and Other Soft Tissue Musculoskeletal Problems - p. 20 15. Effect of Corticosteroid Injection, Physiotherapy, or Both on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Unilateral Lateral Epicondylalgia: A Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 21 16. Chapter 5 - Gout and Other Crystal Diseases - p. 22 17. 2012 American College of Rheumatology Guidelines for Management of Gout. Part 1: Systematic Nonpharmacologic and Pharmacologic Therapeutic Approaches to Hyperuricemia - p. 23 18. Chapter 6 - Miscellaneous Rheumatic Diseases and Therapies - p. 25 19. Choosing Wisely: The American College of Rheumatology's Top 5 List of Things Physicians and Patients Should Question - p. 26 20. Association Between Vaccination for Herpes Zoster and Risk of Herpes Zoster Infection Among Older Patients With Selected Immune-Mediated Diseases - p. 27 21. Chapter 7 - Chronic Juvenile Arthritis - p. 28 22. Randomized Trial of Tocilizumab in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - p. 29 23. Two Randomized Trials of Canakinumab in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - p. 30 24. Chapter 8 - Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies - p. 31 25. Oral Apremilast in the Treatment of Active Psoriatic Arthritis: Results of a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study - p. 32 26. Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: results of a randomised placebo-controlled trial (ABILITY-1) - p. 33 27. Chapter 9 - Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy - p. 34 28. Rituximab in the Treatment of Refractory Adult and Juvenile Dermatomyositis and Adult Polymyositis: A Randomized, Placebo-Phase Trial - p. 35 29. Chapter 10 - Sjogren's Syndrome - p. 36 30. Rituximab Therapy for Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: An Open-Label Clinical Trial and Mechanistic Analysis - p. 37 31. Chapter 11 - Vasculitis - p. 38 32. Genetically Distinct Subsets within ANCA-Associated Vasculitis - p. 39 33. Efficacy of Remission-Induction Regimens for ANCA-Associated Vasculitis - p. 40 34. Chapter 12 - Osteoporosis and Other Metabolic Diseases of Bone - p. 41 35. Teriparatide and denosumab, alone or combined, in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: the DATA study randomised trial - p. 42 36. Chapter 13 - Bacterial Infections - p. 43 37. Clinical impact of switching conventional enzyme immunoassay with nucleic acid amplification test for suspected Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea - p. 44 38. Group A Streptococcus colonies from a single throat swab can have heterogeneous antimicrobial susceptibility patterns - p. 45 39. A New Strategy for the Prevention of Clostridium difficile Infection - p. 46 40. A Large Multicenter Study of Methicillin–Susceptible and Methicillin–Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic Joint Infections Managed With Implant Retention - p. 47 41. Duodenal Infusion of Donor Feces for Recurrent Clostridium difficile - p. 48 42. Association Between Antibiotic Treatment and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Exacerbation of COPD Treated With Systemic Steroids - p. 49 43. Early Use of Daptomycin Versus Vancomycin for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia With Vancomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration >1 mg/L: A Matched Cohort Study - p. 50 44. Clinical Trial: Comparative Effectiveness of Cephalexin Plus Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Versus Cephalexin Alone for Treatment of Uncomplicated Cellulitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 51 45. A Phase 2 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Talactoferrin in Patients With Severe Sepsis - p. 52 46. Persistent Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Prospective Analysis of Risk Factors, Outcomes, and Microbiologic and Genotypic Characteristics of Isolates - p. 53 47. Penicillin to Prevent Recurrent Leg Cellulitis - p. 54 48. Alternative Sampling Methods for Detecting Bacterial Pathogens in Children with Upper Respiratory Tract Infections - p. 55 49. Meningitis With a Negative Cerebrospinal Fluid Gram Stain in Adults: Risk Classification for an Adverse Clinical Outcome - p. 56 50. Chapter 14 - Fungal Infections - p. 57 51. Use of Nasopharyngeal Aspirate for Diagnosis of Pneumocystis Pneumonia - p. 58 52. Combination Antifungal Therapy for Cryptococcal Meningitis - p. 59 53. Chapter 15 - Vaccines - p. 60 54. Long-term Effectiveness of Varicella Vaccine: A 14-Year, Prospective Cohort Study - p. 61 55. Human Infection with a Novel Avian-Origin Influenza A (H7N9) Virus - p. 62 56. Association between Guillain-Barré syndrome and influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent inactivated vaccines in the USA: A meta-analysis - p. 63 57. Chapter 16 - Viral Infections - p. 64 58. Mechanism-Based Covalent Neuraminidase Inhibitors with Broad-Spectrum Influenza Antiviral Activity - p. 65 59. Heterogeneity and Evolution of Thymidine Kinase and DNA Polymerase Mutants of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1: Implications for Antiviral Therapy - p. 66 60. Largest Measles Epidemic in North America in a Decade—Quebec, Canada, 2011: Contribution of Susceptibility, Serendipity, and Superspreading Events - p. 67 61. Bats are a major natural reservoir for hepaciviruses and pegiviruses - p. 68 62. Exposure to Influenza Virus Aerosols During Routine Patient Care - p. 69 63. A Phase II Study of DAS181, a Novel Host Directed Antiviral for the Treatment of Influenza Infection - p. 70 64. Chapter 17 - Nosocomial Infections - p. 71 65. Toward Improved Surveillance: The Impact of Ventilator-Associated Complications on Length of Stay and Antibiotic Use in Patients in Intensive Care Units - p. 72 66. Chapter 18 - Tuberculosis - p. 73 67. Mycobacterial diseases and antitumour necrosis factor therapy in USA - p. 74 68. Acquired Resistance to Second-Line Drugs Among Persons With Tuberculosis in the United States - p. 75 69. Chapter 19 - Miscellaneous - p. 76 70. Responding to the Outbreak of Invasive Fungal Infections: The Value of Public Health to Americans - p. 77 71. Endocarditis and Risk of Cancer: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study - p. 78 72. Zoonosis emergence linked to agricultural intensification and environmental change - p. 79 73. Telephone Consultation Cannot Replace Bedside Infectious Disease Consultation in the Management of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia - p. 80 74. Pro-adrenomedullin as a Novel Biomarker for Predicting Infections and Response to Antimicrobials in Febrile Patients with Hematologic Malignancies - p. 81 75. Chapter 20 - Gynecology - p. 82 76. Incorporation of bevacizumab in the treatment of recurrent and metastatic cervical cancer: a phase III randomized trial of the Gynecologic Oncology Group - p. 83 77. A systematic review of randomized trials assessing human papillomavirus testing in cervical cancer screening - p. 84 78. Chapter 21 - Genitourinary - p. 85 79. Increased Survival with Enzalutamide in Prostate Cancer after Chemotherapy - p. 86 80. Chapter 22 - Thoracic Cancer - p. 87 81. Erlotinib versus standard chemotherapy as first-line treatment for European patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (EURTAC): a multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial - p. 88 82. Effect of crizotinib on overall survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring ALK gene rearrangement: a retrospective analysis - p. 89 83. Chapter 23 - Breast Cancer - p. 90 84. Long-term effects of continuing adjuvant tamoxifen to 10 years versus stopping at 5 years after diagnosis of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: ATLAS, a randomised trial - p. 91 85. The benefits and harms of breast cancer screening: an independent review - p. 92 86. Chapter 24 - Gastrointestinal - p. 93 87. Colorectal-Cancer Incidence and Mortality with Screening Flexible Sigmoidoscopy - p. 94 88. Aspirin Use, Tumor PIK3CA Mutation, and Colorectal-Cancer Survival - p. 95 89. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: results of the German CAO/ARO/AIO-94 randomized phase III trial after a median follow-up of 11 years - p. 96 90. Chapter 25 - Head and Neck - p. 97 91. Randomized Phase III Trial of Induction Chemotherapy With Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and Fluorouracil Followed by Surgery Versus Up-Front Surgery in Locally Advanced Resectable Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 98 92. Chapter 26 - Sarcoma - p. 99 93. Efficacy and safety of regorafenib for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours after failure of imatinib and sunitinib (GRID): an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial - p. 100 94. Chapter 27 - Supportive Care - p. 101 95. Cytokine use and survival in the first-line treatment of ovarian cancer: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study - p. 102 96. Chapter 28 - Pediatriac Cancer - p. 103 97. Second Malignant Neoplasms After Treatment of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia - p. 104 98. Chapter 29 - Mediators and Modifiers of Kidney Disease:The Renin-Angiotensin Cascade - p. 105 99. An angiotensin II receptor blocker–calcium channel blocker combination prevents cardiovascular events in elderly high-risk hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease better than high-dose angiotensin II receptor blockade alone - p. 106 100. Effect of Dual Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System on the Progression of Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy: A Randomized Trial - p. 107 101. Cardiorenal End Points in a Trial of Aliskiren for Type 2 Diabetes - p. 108 102. Concurrent use of diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of acute kidney injury: nested case-control study - p. 109 103. Chapter 30 - Diabetes - p. 110 104. The early decline in renal function in patients with type 1 diabetes and proteinuria predicts the risk of end-stage renal disease - p. 111 105. Prediction of Kidney-Related Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes - p. 112 106. Measurable Urinary Albumin Predicts Cardiovascular Risk among Normoalbuminuric Patients with Type 2 Diabetes - p. 113 107. Usefulness of Albuminuria as Predictor for Coronary Artery Stenosis, Regardless of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - p. 114 108. Associations of kidney disease measures with mortality and end-stage renal disease in individuals with and without diabetes: a meta-analysis - p. 115 109. Risk of coronary events in people with chronic kidney disease compared with those with diabetes: a population-level cohort study - p. 116 110. Chapter 31 - Selected Topics in Clinical Nephrology - p. 117 111. Active surveillance of small renal masses offers short-term oncological efficacy equivalent to radical and partial nephrectomy - p. 118 112. Long-Term Outcomes of IgA Nephropathy Presenting with Minimal or No Proteinuria - p. 119 113. Day-to-Day Variability in Spot Urine Protein-Creatinine Ratio Measurements - p. 120 114. Cost-Effectiveness of Screening for Microalbuminuria among African Americans - p. 121 115. Chapter 32 - Chronic and Dialysis Dependent Kidney Disease - p. 122 116. Associations of Urinary Levels of Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (KIM-1) and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) With Kidney Function Decline in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) - p. 123 117. Plasma beta-2 microglobulin is associated with cardiovascular disease in uremic patients - p. 124 118. Associations Between Coronary Calcification on Chest Radiographs and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients - p. 125 119. Associations between Kidney Function and Subclinical Cardiac Abnormalities in CKD - p. 126 120. A Longitudinal Study of Left Ventricular Function and Structure from CKD to ESRD: The CRIC Study - p. 127 121. Multivessel Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ESRD - p. 128 122. Off-Pump versus On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Outcomes Stratified by Preoperative Renal Function - p. 129 123. Vitamin D receptor agonists increase klotho and osteopontin while decreasing aortic calcification in mice with chronic kidney disease fed a high phosphate diet - p. 130 124. Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with CKD and ESRD - p. 131 125. Stroke and Bleeding in Atrial Fibrillation with Chronic Kidney Disease - p. 132 126. Enoxaparin Outcomes in Patients With Moderate Renal Impairment - p. 133 127. Greater variability in kidney function is associated with an increased risk of death - p. 134 128. Lifetime Risk of ESRD - p. 135 129. Chapter 33 - Acute Kidney Injury - p. 136 130. Major Complications, Mortality, and Resource Utilization After Open Abdominal Surgery: 0.9% Saline Compared to Plasma-Lyte - p. 137 131. Association Between a Chloride-Liberal vs Chloride-Restrictive Intravenous Fluid Administration Strategy and Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Adults - p. 138 132. Association of Hydroxyethyl Starch Administration With Mortality and Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients Requiring Volume Resuscitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - p. 139 133. Oral bisphosphonate use in the elderly is not associated with acute kidney injury - p. 140 134. Incidence and Effect of Acute Kidney Injury After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Using the New Valve Academic Research Consortium Criteria - p. 141 135. Association of Postoperative Proteinuria with AKI after Cardiac Surgery among Patients at High Risk - p. 142 136. Association of Complete Recovery From Acute Kidney Injury With Incident CKD Stage 3 and All-Cause Mortality - p. 143 137. Association between AKI, Recovery of Renal Function, and Long-Term Outcomes after Hospital Discharge - p. 144 138. Chapter 34 - Transplantation - p. 145 139. Common Infections in Kidney Transplant Recipients - p. 146 140. Time on Dialysis and Cancer Risk After Kidney Transplantation - p. 147 141. Transplantation With Kidneys Retrieved From Deceased Donors With Acute Renal Failure - p. 148 142. Chapter 35 - Asthma, Allergy, and Cystic Fibrosis - p. 149 143. Adherence rate to beclomethasone dipropionate and the level of asthma control - p. 150 144. Tiotropium in Asthma Poorly Controlled with Standard Combination Therapy - p. 151 145. Asthma controller delay and recurrence risk after an emergency department visit or hospitalization - p. 152 146. Personalized Medicine in Cystic Fibrosis: Dawning of a New Era - p. 153 147. Chapter 36 - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - p. 154 148. Emphysema Scores Predict Death From COPD and Lung Cancer - p. 155 149. Inflammatory Biomarkers Improve Clinical Prediction of Mortality in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - p. 156 150. Discussing an uncertain future: end-of-life care conversations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A systematic literature review and narrative synthesis - p. 157 151. Chapter 37 - Community Acquired Pneumonia - p. 158 152. Aging Population and Future Burden of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in the United States - p. 159 153. The natural history of community-acquired pneumonia in COPD patients: A population database analysis - p. 160 154. Procalcitonin to Guide Initiation and Duration of Antibiotic Treatment in Acute Respiratory Infections: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis - p. 161 155. Chapter 38 - Lung Transplantation - p. 162 156. Excellent Clinical Outcomes From a National Donation-After-Determination-of-Cardiac-Death Lung Transplant Collaborative - p. 163 157. Outcome of critically ill lung transplant candidates on invasive respiratory support - p. 164 158. Chapter 39 - Lung Cancer - p. 165 159. Cancer Statistics, 2012 - p. 166 160. Increasing Lung Cancer Death Rates Among Young Women in Southern and Midwestern States - p. 167 161. Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality Among HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Injection Drug Users - p. 168 162. Short-term Pulmonary Effects of Using an Electronic Cigarette: Impact on Respiratory Flow Resistance, Impedance, and Exhaled Nitric Oxide - p. 169 163. An Unexpected Consequence of Electronic Cigarette Use - p. 170 164. Chapter 40 - Pleural, Interstitial Lung, and Pulmonary Vascular Disease - p. 171 165. Predicting survival in newly diagnosed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a 3-year prospective study - p. 172 166. Acute exacerbations and pulmonary hypertension in advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - p. 173 167. Severe interstitial lung disease in connective tissue disease: rituximab as rescue therapy - p. 174 168. Outcome of patients diagnosed with fibrinous pleuritis after medical thoracoscopy - p. 175 169. Enoxaparin followed by once-weekly idrabiotaparinux versus enoxaparin plus warfarin for patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism: a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, non-inferiority trial - p. 176 170. Ordering CT pulmonary angiography to exclude pulmonary embolism: defense versus evidence in the emergency room - p. 177 171. Chapter 41 - Sleep Disorders - p. 178 172. The Treatment of Central Sleep Apnea Syndromes in Adults: Practice Parameters with an Evidence-Based Literature Review and Meta-Analyses - p. 179 173. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Affects Hospital Outcomes of Patients with non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes - p. 180 174. Obstructive sleep apnea and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes - p. 181 175. Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Cancer Mortality: Results from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study - p. 182 176. Association Between Treated and Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Risk of Hypertension - p. 183 177. Long-term follow-up of patients operated with Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty from 1985 to 1991 - p. 184 178. Chapter 42 - Critical Care Medicine - p. 185 179. Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Adults: Practical Aspects of Circuits, Cannulae, and Procedures - p. 186 180. The Berlin definition of ARDS: an expanded rationale, justification, and supplementary material - p. 188 181. Complications and failure of airway management - p. 189 182. Decreasing ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit: A sustainable comprehensive quality improvement program - p. 190 183. World Health Organization Pulmonary Hypertension Group 2: Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease in the adult—a summary statement from the Pulmonary Hypertension Council of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation - p. 191 184. Acquired Neuromuscular Weakness and Early Mobilization in the Intensive Care Unit - p. 192 185. Chapter 43 - Arrhythmias - p. 193 186. Ventricular Arrhythmias and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy in Patients With Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices: Need for Primary Prevention? - p. 194 187. Biventricular Pacing for Atrioventricular Block and Systolic Dysfunction - p. 195 188. Rhythm Versus Rate Control Therapy and Subsequent Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation - p. 196 189. Fish Oil and Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation: The Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Prevention of Post-Operative Atrial Fibrillation (OPERA) Randomized Trial - p. 197 190. Comparison of cardiac surgery with left atrial surgical ablation vs. cardiac surgery without atrial ablation in patients with coronary and/or valvular heart disease plus atrial fibrillation: final results of the PRAGUE-12 randomized multicentre study - p. 198 191. Reduction in Inappropriate Therapy and Mortality through ICD Programming - p. 199 192. Chapter 44 - Cardiomyopathy - p. 200 193. Impact of long term left ventricular assist device therapy on donor allocation in cardiac transplantation - p. 201 194. Incidence and epidemiology of new onset heart failure with preserved vs. reduced ejection fraction in a community-based cohort: 11-year follow-up of PREVEND - p. 202 195. Extended heart failure clinic follow-up in low-risk patients: a randomized clinical trial (NorthStar) - p. 203 196. Effect of Aliskiren on Postdischarge Mortality and Heart Failure Readmissions Among Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure: The ASTRONAUT Randomized Trial - p. 204 197. Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure and a QRS Complex <120 Milliseconds: The Evaluation of Resynchronization Therapy for Heart Failure (LESSER-EARTH) Trial - p. 205 198. Effect of ivabradine on recurrent hospitalization for worsening heart failure in patients with chronic systolic heart failure: the SHIFT Study - p. 206 199. Cardiopoietic Stem Cell Therapy in Heart Failure: The C-CURE (Cardiopoietic stem Cell therapy in heart failURE) Multicenter randomized Trial With Lineage-Specified Biologics - p. 207 200. Association Between Use of Renin-Angiotensin System Antagonists and Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction - p. 208 201. Association of Fibrosis With Mortality and Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients With Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy - p. 209 202. Diagnoses and Timing of 30-Day Readmissions After Hospitalization for Heart Failure, Acute Myocardial Infarction, or Pneumonia - p. 210 203. Chapter 45 - Chronic Coronary Artery Disease - p. 211 204. Low-Dose Colchicine for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease - p. 212 205. Effects of Off-Pump and On-Pump Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafting at 1 Year - p. 213 206. Intestinal Microbial Metabolism of Phosphatidylcholine and Cardiovascular Risk - p. 214 207. Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease in Women after Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer - p. 215 208. Effects of Dalcetrapib in Patients with a Recent Acute Coronary Syndrome - p. 216 209. A Randomized Multicenter Study Comparing a Paclitaxel Drug-Eluting Balloon With a Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent in Small Coronary Vessels: The BELLO (Balloon Elution and Late Loss Optimization) Study - p. 217 210. Chapter 46 -Coronary Intervention Procedures - p. 218 211. Use of clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial - p. 219 212. Abluminal biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stent versus durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent (COMPARE II): a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial - p. 220 213. Intraaortic Balloon Support for Myocardial Infarction with Cardiogenic Shock - p. 221 214. Association Between Bleeding Events and In-hospital Mortality After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - p. 222 215. Percutaneous Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale in Cryptogenic Embolism - p. 223 216. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with three-vessel disease and left main coronary disease: 5-year follow-up of the randomised, clinical SYNTAX trial - p. 224 217. Prasugrel versus Clopidogrel for Acute Coronary Syndromes without Revascularization - p. 225 218. Chapter 47 - Non-Invasive Testing - p. 226 219. Right bundle branch block: prevalence, risk factors, and outcome in the general population: results from the Copenhagen City Heart Study - p. 227 220. Chapter 48 - Risk Factors - p. 228 221. Aldosterone and cortisol affect the risk of sudden cardiac death in haemodialysis patients - p. 229 222. n–3 Fatty Acids in Patients with Multiple Cardiovascular Risk Factors - p. 230 223. Multivitamins in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Men: The Physicians' Health Study II Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 231 224. Interactive effects of fitness and statin treatment on mortality risk in veterans with dyslipidaemia: a cohort study - p. 232 225. C-Reactive Protein, Fibrinogen, and Cardiovascular Disease Prediction - p. 233 226. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet - p. 234 227. Chapter 49 - Valvular Heart Disease - p. 235 228. Genetic Associations with Valvular Calcification and Aortic Stenosis - p. 236 229. Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale versus Medical Therapy After Cryptogenic Stroke - p. 237 230. Chapter 50 - Esophagus - p. 238 231. Impact of Endoscopic Surveillance on Mortality From Barrett's Esophagus–Associated Esophageal Adenocarcinomas - p. 239 232. The International Per Oral Endoscopic Myotomy Survey (IPOEMS): a snapshot of the global POEM experience - p. 240 233. ACG Clinical Guideline: Evidenced Based Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Esophageal Eosinophilia and Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) - p. 241 234. Outcomes of Treatment for Achalasia Depend on Manometric Subtype - p. 242 235. Impact of Endoscopic Surveillance on Mortality From Barrett's Esophagus–Associated Esophageal Adenocarcinomas - p. 243 236. Esophageal Sphincter Device for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease - p. 244 237. Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Aerosolized Swallowed Fluticasone to Esomeprazole for Esophageal Eosinophilia - p. 245 238. Chapter 51 - Stomach - p. 246 239. New Oral Anticoagulants Increase Risk for Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis - p. 247 240. Effects of Helicobacter pylori Infection on Long-Term Risk of Peptic Ulcer Bleeding in Low-Dose Aspirin Users - p. 248 241. The benefit of mass eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection: a community-based study of gastric cancer prevention - p. 249 242. Chapter 52 - Small Bowel - p. 250 243. The course of inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy and postpartum: a prospective European ECCO-EpiCom Study of 209 pregnant women - p. 251 244. ACG Clinical Guidelines: Diagnosis and Management of Celiac Disease - p. 252 245. Increasing Incidence of Celiac Disease in a North American Population - p. 253 246. Chapter 53 - Colon - p. 254 247. Regional Variation in Anesthesia Assistance During Outpatient Colonoscopy Is Not Associated With Differences in Polyp Detection or Complication Rates - p. 255 248. Interval cancers after negative colonoscopy: population-based case-control study - p. 256 249. Features of Adenoma and Colonoscopy Associated With Recurrent Colorectal Neoplasia Based on a Large Community-Based Study - p. 257 250. Computed tomographic colonography versus colonoscopy for investigation of patients with symptoms suggestive of colorectal cancer (SIGGAR): a multicentre randomised trial - p. 258 251. Duodenal Infusion of Donor Feces for Recurrent Clostridium difficile - p. 259 252. Chapter 54 - Liver - p. 260 253. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial Comparing Rifaximin Plus Lactulose With Lactulose Alone in Treatment of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy - p. 261 254. Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adults: A Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force - p. 262 255. Exploratory Study of Oral Combination Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis C - p. 263 256. Measurement of Spleen Stiffness by Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Imaging Identifies Cirrhotic Patients With Esophageal Varices - p. 264 257. Elastography, Spleen Size, and Platelet Count Identify Portal Hypertension in Patients With Compensated Cirrhosis - p. 265 258. Chapter 55 -Pancreas - p. 266 259. American College of Gastroenterology Guideline: Management of Acute Pancreatitis - p. 267 260. Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms: Management and Unanswered Questions - p. 268 261. Chapter 56 - Miscellaneous - p. 269 262. Self-Reported Food-Related Gastrointestinal Symptoms in IBS Are Common and Associated With More Severe Symptoms and Reduced Quality of Life - p. 270 263. Chapter 57 - Calcium and Bone Metabolism - p. 271 264. Oral bisphosphonates reduce the risk of clinical fractures in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in clinical practice - p. 272 265. Effectiveness of Teriparatide in Women Over 75 Years of Age with Severe Osteoporosis: 36-Month Results from the European Forsteo Observational Study (EFOS) - p. 273 266. A Retrospective Study Evaluating Frequency and Risk Factors of Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in 576 Cancer Patients Receiving Intravenous Bisphosphonates - p. 274 267. Increasing Occurrence of Atypical Femoral Fractures Associated With Bisphosphonate Use - p. 275 268. Predictive Value of FRAX for Fracture in Obese Older Women - p. 276 269. Dose Response to Vitamin D Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Trial - p. 277 270. Vitamin D with Calcium Reduces Mortality: Patient Level Pooled Analysis of 70,528 Patients from Eight Major Vitamin D Trials - p. 278 271. A Pooled Analysis of Vitamin D Dose Requirements for Fracture Prevention - p. 279 272. Chapter 58 - Adrenal Cortex - p. 280 273. Pattern of Adrenal Hormonal Secretion in Patients with Adrenal Adenomas: The Relevance of Aldosterone in Arterial Hypertension - p. 281 274. Chapter 59 - Reproductive Endocrinology - p. 282 275. Metformin Improves Pregnancy and Live-Birth Rates in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial - p. 283 276. Polycystic Ovary-Like Abnormalities (PCO-L) in Women with Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea - p. 284 277. Job demands as a potential modifier of the association between testosterone deficiency and andropause symptoms in Japanese middle-aged workers: A cross-sectional study - p. 285 278. A New Combination of Testosterone and Nestorone Transdermal Gels for Male Hormonal Contraception - p. 286 279. Chapter 60 - Pediatric Endocrinology - p. 287 280. Effect of Inhaled Glucocorticoids in Childhood on Adult Height - p. 288 281. Addition of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone to human chorionic gonadotropin treatment in adolescents and young adults with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism promotes normal testicular growth and may promote early spermatogenesis - p. 289 282. Evaluation of an intervention to promote protective infant feeding practices to prevent childhood obesity: outcomes of the NOURISH RCT at 14 months of age and 6 months post the first of two intervention modules - p. 290 283. Growth during Infancy and Childhood, and Adiposity at Age 16 Years: Ages 2 to 7 Years Are Pivotal - p. 291 284. Chapter 61 - Diabetes - p. 292 285. Basal Insulin and Cardiovascular and Other Outcomes in Dysglycemia - p. 293 286. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) - p. 294 287. Glucagonocentric restructuring of diabetes: a pathophysiologic and therapeutic makeover - p. 295 288. TAK-875 versus placebo or glimepiride in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial - p. 296 289. Cardiovascular benefits and diabetes risks of statin therapy in primary prevention: an analysis from the JUPITER trial - p. 297 290. Chapter 62 - Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis - p. 298 291. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials - p. 299 292. Dysfunctional High-Density Lipoprotein in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis - p. 301 293. Impact of low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio on aortic arch atherosclerosis in unexplained stroke - p. 302 294. Chapter 63 - Obesity - p. 303 295. Metabolically healthy obesity and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality - p. 304 296. Myths, Presumptions, and Facts about Obesity - p. 305 297. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Genetic Risk of Obesity - p. 307 298. Chapter 64 - Thyroid - p. 308 299. Thyroid Dysfunction and Autoantibodies in Early Pregnancy Are Associated with Increased Risk of Gestational Diabetes and Adverse Birth Outcomes - p. 309 300. Vandetanib in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind Phase III Trial - p. 310 301. Preoperative Diagnosis of Benign Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology - p. 311 302. Hyperthyroid-associated osteoporosis is exacerbated by the loss of TSH signaling - p. 312 303. Higher Free Thyroxine Levels Predict Increased Incidence of Dementia in Older Men: The Health In Men Study - p. 313