Year Book of Vascular Surgery 2014

1. Cover image - p. 1 2. Title page - p. 2 3. Table of Contents - p. 3 4. 1. Basic Considerations - p. 9 5. Shock wave treatment induces angiogenesis and mobilizes endogenous CD31/CD34-positive endothelial cells in a hindlimb ischemia model: Implications for angiogenesis and vasculogenesis - p. 10 6. Design considerations for studies of the biomechanical environment of the femoropopliteal arteries - p. 12 7. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is a potent phytochemical inhibitor of intimal hyperplasia in the wire-injured carotid artery - p. 14 8. Diversity in vascular surgery - p. 15 9. Zinc finger protein 191 deficiency attenuates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and intimal hyperplasia after endovascular arterial injury - p. 16 10. 2. Epidemiology - p. 17 11. A Review of Current Reporting of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Mortality and Prevalence in the Literature - p. 18 12. Alternative Ankle-Brachial Index Method Identifies Additional At-Risk Individuals - p. 19 13. Modifiable risk factor burden and the prevalence of peripheral artery disease in different vascular territories - p. 20 14. The BASIL survival prediction model in patients with peripheral arterial disease undergoing revascularization in a university hospital setting and comparison with the FINNVASC and modified PREVENT scores - p. 22 15. Incidence of chronic venous disease in the Edinburgh Vein Study - p. 23 16. 3. Vascular Laboratory and Imaging - p. 24 17. Editor's Choice: Five-year Outcomes in Men Screened for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm at 65 Years of Age: A Population-based Cohort Study - p. 25 18. Foot CT perfusion in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD): A feasibility study - p. 26 19. A Mismatch Between Aortic Pulse Pressure and Pulse Wave Velocity Predicts Advanced Peripheral Arterial Disease - p. 27 20. ACCF/ACR/AIUM/ASE/IAC/SCAI/SCVS/SIR/SVM/SVS/SVU 2013 Appropriate Use Criteria for Peripheral Vascular Ultrasound and Physiological Testing Part II: Testing for Venous Disease and Evaluation of Hemodialysis Access: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force - p. 28 21. Computed tomography angiography-based evaluation of great saphenous vein conduit for lower extremity bypass - p. 32 22. Computed tomography angiography-based evaluation of great saphenous vein conduit for lower extremity bypass - p. 33 23. A Prospective Randomized Trial of Ultrasound- vs Landmark-Guided Central Venous Access in the Pediatric Population - p. 34 24. 4. Perioperative Considerations - p. 35 25. Unplanned readmissions after vascular surgery - p. 36 26. Impact of postoperative nadir hemoglobin and blood transfusion on outcomes after operations for atherosclerotic vascular disease - p. 37 27. 5. Grafts and Graft Complications - p. 38 28. Vacuum-assisted wound closure versus alginate for the treatment of deep perivascular wound infections in the groin after vascular surgery - p. 39 29. A 14-year Experience with Aortic Endograft Infection: Management and Results - p. 40 30. Conservative management of persistent aortocaval fistula after endovascular aortic repair - p. 41 31. 6. Aortic Aneurysm - p. 42 32. Debate: Whether young, good-risk patients should be treated with endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair - p. 43 33. The Shortfall in Long-term Survival of Patients with Repaired Thoracic or Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Retrospective Case–Control Analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics - p. 44 34. Outcomes After Open Repair for Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Patients with Friendly Versus Hostile Aortoiliac Anatomy - p. 45 35. Survival Following Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Before and During the IMPROVE Trial: A Single-Centre Series - p. 46 36. Statin therapy is associated with improved survival after endovascular and open aneurysm repair - p. 47 37. Fenestrated endograft for recurrent paravisceral aortic pseudoaneurysm after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm open repair - p. 48 38. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between markers of hemostasis and abdominal aortic aneurysm presence and size - p. 49 39. Endovascular repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm confers an early survival benefit over open repair - p. 50 40. What is the Best Option for Elective Repair of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in a Young Fit Patient? - p. 51 41. Development of a risk index for prediction of mortality after open aortic aneurysm repair - p. 52 42. Family history of aortic disease predicts disease patterns and progression and is a significant influence on management strategies for patients and their relatives - p. 53 43. Calcification as a Risk Factor for Rupture of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm - p. 54 44. A Novel Strategy to Translate the Biomechanical Rupture Risk of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms to their Equivalent Diameter Risk: Method and Retrospective Validation - p. 55 45. Comparison of outcomes following endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms based on size threshold - p. 56 46. Comparative effectiveness of endovascular versus open repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in the Medicare population - p. 57 47. Familial abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with more complications after endovascular aneurysm repair - p. 58 48. A Pilot Study on Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein-1 in Chinese Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm - p. 59 49. Morphologic and Biomechanical Changes of Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta in a Rat Model of Cigarette Smoke Exposure - p. 60 50. Correlation of Bacterial Coinfection Versus Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 1 Expression in Aortic Aneurysm and Atherosclerosis - p. 61 51. Exploration of the mechanisms by which 3,4-benzopyrene promotes angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice - p. 62 52. 7. Abdominal Aortic Endografting - p. 63 53. Endovascular repair of bilateral common iliac artery aneurysms following open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with preservation of both hypogastric arteries using commercially available stent grafts - p. 64 54. Editor's Choice–A Shaggy Aorta is Associated with Mesenteric Embolisation in Patients Undergoing Fenestrated Endografts to Treat Paravisceral Aortic Aneurysms - p. 65 55. Inter-observer Variability in Sizing Fenestrated and/or Branched Aortic Stent-Grafts - p. 66 56. Displacement Forces in Iliac Landing Zones and Stent Graft Interconnections in Endovascular Aortic Repair: An Experimental Study - p. 67 57. Endovascular management of pararenal aortic aneurysms with multiple overlapping uncovered stents - p. 68 58. A new staged hybrid total arch repair procedure using a branched proximal elephant trunk technique with implantation of stent grafts to the ascending aorta - p. 69 59. Ambulatory percutaneous endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair - p. 70 60. A case-control study of intentional occlusion of accessory renal arteries during endovascular aortic aneurysm repair - p. 71 61. Visceral stent patency in fenestrated stent grafting for abdominal aortic aneurysm repair - p. 72 62. The Morphological Applicability of a Novel Endovascular Aneurysm Sealing (EVAS) System (Nellix) in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms - p. 73 63. Endovascular repair of aortoiliac aneurysmal disease with the helical iliac bifurcation device and the bifurcated-bifurcated iliac bifurcation device - p. 74 64. The fate of untreated concomitant suprarenal aortic aneurysms after endovascular aneurysm repair of infrarenal aortic aneurysms - p. 75 65. In situ laser fenestration during emergent thoracic endovascular aortic repair is an effective method for left subclavian artery revascularization - p. 76 66. 8. Thoracic Aorta - p. 77 67. A new staged hybrid total arch repair procedure using a branched proximal elephant trunk technique with implantation of stent grafts to the ascending aorta - p. 78 68. Association of race and socioeconomic status with the use of endovascular repair to treat thoracic aortic diseases - p. 79 69. The differences and similarities between intramural hematoma of the descending aorta and acute type B dissection - p. 80 70. Percutaneous Closure of Large Femoral Artery Access with Prostar XL in Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair - p. 81 71. Debate: Whether level I evidence comparing thoracic endovascular repair and medical management is necessary for uncomplicated type B aortic dissections - p. 82 72. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair in management of aortoesophageal fistulas - p. 83 73. Natural history of grade I-II blunt traumatic aortic injury - p. 84 74. Fate of patients with spinal cord ischemia complicating thoracic endovascular aortic repair - p. 85 75. Aortic arch debranching and thoracic endovascular repair - p. 86 76. Fenestrated and branched endovascular aortic repair for chronic type B aortic dissection with thoracoabdominal aneurysms - p. 87 77. 9. Aortoiliac Disease and Leg Ischemia - p. 88 78. The use of cryopreserved aortoiliac allograft for aortic reconstruction in the United States - p. 89 79. Endovascular treatment for isolated acute abdominal aortic dissection - p. 90 80. A new technique for reconstruction of the aortic bifurcation with saphenous vein panel graft - p. 91 81. Results of iliac stenting and aortofemoral grafting for iliac artery occlusions - p. 92 82. Antegrade Eversion Endarterectomy of the External Iliac Artery - p. 93 83. Cutting-Balloon Angioplasty Versus Balloon Angioplasty as Treatment for Short Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Superficial Femoral Artery: Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 94 84. A Quantitative Method for Evaluating Local Perfusion Using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging - p. 95 85. Agreement among observers in the assignment of TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus classification and runoff score - p. 96 86. Agreement among observers in the assignment of TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus classification and runoff score - p. 97 87. A Randomized Trial of Exercise Training in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Disease - p. 98 88. Comparison of two treadmill training programs on walking ability and endothelial function in intermittent claudication - p. 99 89. Evaluation of Superficial Femoral Artery Remote Endarterectomy for Treatment of Critical Limb Ischemia in Patients with Limited Autogenous Conduit - p. 100 90. Lower extremity arterial reconstruction for critical limb ischemia in diabetes - p. 101 91. Sustained Safety and Effectiveness of Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents for Femoropopliteal Lesions: 2-Year Follow-Up From the Zilver PTX Randomized and Single-Arm Clinical Studies - p. 102 92. Preliminary results of the initial United States experience with the Supera woven nitinol stent in the popliteal artery - p. 103 93. Ten-year technical and clinical outcomes in TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus II infrainguinal C/D lesions using duplex ultrasound arterial mapping as the sole imaging modality for critical lower limb ischemia - p. 104 94. Twenty-Year Analysis of Trends in the Incidence and In-Hospital Mortality for Lower-Extremity Arterial Thromboembolism - p. 105 95. Comparative effectiveness study of self-directed walking exercise, lower extremity revascularization, and functional decline in peripheral artery disease - p. 106 96. Distal anastomotic vein adjunct usage in infrainguinal prosthetic bypasses - p. 107 97. Predictive value of angiographic scores for the integrated management of the ischemic diabetic foot - p. 108 98. Predictors and outcomes of restenosis following tibial artery endovascular interventions for critical limb ischemia - p. 109 99. Stent Placement Versus Balloon Angioplasty for the Treatment of Obstructive Lesions of the Popliteal Artery: A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized Trial - p. 110 100. Exercise capacity is the strongest predictor of mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease - p. 111 101. Preliminary evidence that low ankle-brachial index is associated with reduced bilateral hip extensor strength and functional mobility in peripheral arterial disease - p. 112 102. The impact of arterial pedal arch quality and angiosome revascularization on foot tissue loss healing and infrapopliteal bypass outcome - p. 113 103. A Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial on Clopidogrel Combined With Warfarin Versus Clopidogrel Alone in the Prevention of Restenosis After Endovascular Treatment of the Femoropopliteal Artery - p. 114 104. Clinical presentation and outcome after failed infrainguinal endovascular and open revascularization in patients with chronic limb ischemia - p. 115 105. Risk factors for readmission after lower extremity procedures for peripheral artery disease - p. 116 106. Association of clinical attributes and treadmill walking performance in patients with claudication due to peripheral artery disease - p. 117 107. Drug-coated balloon angioplasty after directional atherectomy improves outcome in restenotic femoropopliteal arteries - p. 118 108. Magnetic resonance imaging-based monitoring of collateral artery development in patients with intermittent claudication during supervised exercise therapy - p. 119 109. Current efficacy of open and endovascular interventions for advanced superficial femoral artery occlusive disease - p. 120 110. Atherectomy offers no benefits over balloon angioplasty in tibial interventions for critical limb ischemia - p. 122 111. Patient radiation exposure during percutaneous endovascular revascularization of the lower extremity - p. 123 112. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty results in improved physical function but not balance in patients with intermittent claudication - p. 124 113. External Support of a Polytetrafluoroethylene Graft Improves Patency for Bypass to Below-Knee Arteries - p. 126 114. Heparin-Bonded Covered Stents Versus Bare-Metal Stents for Complex Femoropopliteal Artery Lesions: The Randomized VIASTAR Trial (Viabahn Endoprosthesis With PROPATEN Bioactive Surface [VIA] Versus Bare Nitinol Stent in the Treatment of Long Lesions in Superficial Femoral Artery Occlusive Disease) - p. 127 115. Outcomes of lower extremity bypass performed for acute limb ischemia - p. 129 116. Comparison of surgical bypass with angioplasty and stenting of superficial femoral artery disease - p. 131 117. Toward a mouse model of hind limb ischemia to test therapeutic angiogenesis - p. 132 118. Angiosome-targeted infrapopliteal endovascular revascularization for treatment of diabetic foot ulcers - p. 133 119. The prognosis of patients on hemodialysis with foot lesions - p. 134 120. 10. Upper Extremity Ischemia/Dialysis Access - p. 135 121. A comparison of the outcomes of one-stage and two-stage brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistulas - p. 136 122. Temporal Risk Profile for Infectious and Noninfectious Complications of Hemodialysis Access - p. 137 123. Fistula First Is Not Always the Best Strategy for the Elderly - p. 138 124. The Initial Impact of Medicare's New Prospective Payment System for Kidney Dialysis - p. 139 125. Trends in Relative Mortality Between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Whites Initiating Dialysis: A Retrospective Study of the US Renal Data System - p. 140 126. A “Christmas Tree” Band for the Treatment of Arteriovenous Dialysis Access–Related Steal Syndrome - p. 141 127. A systematic review of preoperative duplex ultrasonography and arteriovenous fistula formation - p. 142 128. The optimal initial choice for permanent arteriovenous hemodialysis access - p. 143 129. Using distal revascularization with interval ligation as the primary treatment of hand ischemia after dialysis access creation - p. 144 130. 11. Carotid and Cerebrovascular Disease - p. 145 131. Contralateral carotid artery occlusion is not a contraindication to carotid endarterectomy even if shunts are not routinely used - p. 146 132. Contralateral carotid artery occlusion is not a contraindication to carotid endarterectomy even if shunts are not routinely used - p. 147 133. Contralateral carotid artery occlusion is not a contraindication to carotid endarterectomy even if shunts are not routinely used - p. 148 134. A Direct Comparison of Early and Late Outcomes With Three Approaches to Carotid Revascularization and Open Heart Surgery - p. 149 135. Delay to Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients with Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis - p. 150 136. Patching plus extended exposure and tacking of the common carotid cuff may reduce the late incidence of recurrent stenosis after carotid endarterectomy - p. 151 137. Neurocognitive Changes After Eversion Carotid Endarterectomy Under Local Anesthesia - p. 152 138. Management of common carotid artery dissection due to extension from acute type A (DeBakey I) aortic dissection - p. 153 139. Safety and Efficacy of Carotid Endarterectomy in Octogenarians - p. 154 140. Management of Carotid Stenosis in Women - p. 155 141. The role of completion imaging following carotid artery endarterectomy - p. 156 142. Usefulness of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Detection of Carotid Plaque Ulceration in Patients With Symptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis - p. 157 143. Race as a predictor of morbidity, mortality, and neurologic events after carotid endarterectomy - p. 158 144. Simulator training on pulsatile vascular models significantly improves surgical skills and the quality of carotid patch plasty - p. 159 145. Urgent Best Medical Therapy May Obviate the Need for Urgent Surgery in Patients With Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis - p. 160 146. Clinical characteristics and strategy for treatment of functional carotid body tumours - p. 161 147. In-hospital versus postdischarge adverse events following carotid endarterectomy - p. 162 148. Differences and Similarities Between Spontaneous Dissections of the Internal Carotid Artery and the Vertebral Artery - p. 163 149. A Model for Predicting the Risk of Carotid Artery Disease - p. 164 150. Cerebral monitors versus regional anesthesia to detect cerebral ischemia in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy: a meta-analysis - p. 165 151. A Risk Prediction Model for Determining Appropriateness of CEA in Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis - p. 166 152. The impact of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services high-risk criteria on outcome after carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting in the SVS Vascular Registry - p. 167 153. The size of juxtaluminal hypoechoic area in ultrasound images of asymptomatic carotid plaques predicts the occurrence of stroke - p. 168 154. Progression of asymptomatic carotid stenosis despite optimal medical therapy - p. 169 155. 12. Carotid and Endovascular Disease - p. 170 156. A Clinical Rule (Sex, Contralateral Occlusion, Age, and Restenosis) to Select Patients for Stenting Versus Carotid Endarterectomy: Systematic Review of Observational Studies With Validation in Randomized Trials - p. 171 157. Hispanic ethnicity is associated with increased costs after carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting in the United States - p. 172 158. Cilostazol inhibits accumulation of triglycerides in a rat model of carotid artery ligation - p. 173 159. Results of carotid artery stenting with transcervical access - p. 174 160. Carotid Restenosis After Endarterectomy and Stenting: A Critical Issue? - p. 175 161. United Kingdom Carotid Artery Stent Registry: Short- and Long-Term Outcomes - p. 176 162. Accuracy of administrative data versus clinical data to evaluate carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting - p. 177 163. The current national criteria for carotid artery stenting overestimate its efficacy in patients who are symptomatic and at high risk - p. 178 164. 13. Vascular Trauma - p. 179 165. Patient-based outcomes and quality of life after salvageable wartime extremity vascular injury - p. 180 166. Early management of pediatric vascular injuries through humanitarian surgical care during U.S. military operations - p. 181 167. Early management of pediatric vascular injuries through humanitarian surgical care during U.S. military operations - p. 182 168. Diagnostic Performance of Computed Tomography Angiography in Peripheral Arterial Injury due to Trauma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis - p. 183 169. Diagnostic Performance of Computed Tomography Angiography in Peripheral Arterial Injury due to Trauma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis - p. 184 170. Histologic analysis of stent graft oversizing in the thoracic aorta - p. 185 171. Intentional coverage of the left subclavian artery during endovascular repair of traumatic descending thoracic aortic transection - p. 186 172. A 14-year experience with blunt thoracic aortic injury - p. 187 173. Changing presentation of knee dislocation and vascular injury from high-energy trauma to low-energy falls in the morbidly obese - p. 188 174. 14. Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism - p. 189 175. Isolated calf muscular vein thrombosis is associated with pulmonary embolism and a high incidence of additional ipsilateral and contralateral deep venous thrombosis - p. 190 176. Analysis of venous thromboembolic events after saphenous ablation - p. 191 177. Analysis of venous thromboembolic events after saphenous ablation - p. 192 178. Ultrasound-accelerated catheter-directed thrombolysis in acute iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis - p. 193 179. Technical and Patient-related Characteristics Associated with Challenging Retrieval of Inferior Vena Cava Filters - p. 194 180. Biomarkers for post-thrombotic syndrome - p. 195 181. Factors affecting Cook Gunther Tulip and Cook Celect inferior vena cava filter retrieval success - p. 196 182. The effect of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 deletion in experimental post-thrombotic vein wall remodeling - p. 197 183. A population-based case-control study on the association between rheumatoid arthritis and deep vein thrombosis - p. 198 184. Midterm results of percutaneous endovascular treatment for acute and chronic deep venous thrombosis - p. 199 185. Prediction of postdischarge venous thromboembolism using a risk assessment model - p. 200 186. The role of urokinase plasminogen activator and plasmin activator inhibitor-1 on vein wall remodeling in experimental deep vein thrombosis - p. 201 187. 15. Chronic Venous and Lymphatic and Disease - p. 202 188. Comparing endovenous laser ablation, foam sclerotherapy, and conventional surgery for great saphenous varicose veins - p. 203 189. Comparing endovenous laser ablation, foam sclerotherapy, and conventional surgery for great saphenous varicose veins - p. 204 190. Increasing ablation distance peripheral to the saphenofemoral junction may result in a diminished rate of endothermal heat-induced thrombosis - p. 205 191. Minimally invasive treatment of chronic iliofemoral venous occlusive disease - p. 206 192. Multicenter assessment of the repeatability and reproducibility of the revised Venous Clinical Severity Score (rVCSS) - p. 207 193. Clinical and anatomic outcomes of endovenous radiofrequency ablation performed on symptomatic small-diameter great saphenous veins - p. 208 194. Popliteal vein compression syndrome pathophysiology and correlation with popliteal compartment pressures - p. 209 195. Endovenous management of venous leg ulcers - p. 210 196. First human use of cyanoacrylate adhesive for treatment of saphenous vein incompetence - p. 211 197. First human use of cyanoacrylate adhesive for treatment of saphenous vein incompetence - p. 212 198. On the existence of helical flow in veins of the lower extremities - p. 213 199. The relationship between increased body mass index and primary venous disease severity and concomitant deep primary venous reflux - p. 214 200. Randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser ablation and stripping of the great saphenous vein with clinical and duplex outcome after 5 years - p. 215 201. Compression stockings significantly improve hemodynamic performance in post-thrombotic syndrome irrespective of class or length - p. 216 202. Compression stockings significantly improve hemodynamic performance in post-thrombotic syndrome irrespective of class or length - p. 217 203. Contemporary results after sapheno-popliteal bypass for chronic femoral vein occlusion - p. 219 204. Analysis of the Association Between an Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism Within the 3′ Untranslated Region of COL1A2 and Chronic Venous Insufficiency - p. 220 205. In vivo assessment of endothelial function in human lower extremity arteries - p. 221 206. Cyanoacrylate glue for the treatment of great saphenous vein incompetence in the anticoagulated patient - p. 222 207. HMGB1 and TLR4 mediate skeletal muscle recovery in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia - p. 223 208. Association between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content of red blood cells and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with peripheral artery disease - p. 224 209. Cost analysis of endovenous catheter ablation versus surgical stripping for treatment of superficial venous insufficiency and varicose vein disease - p. 225 210. Multicenter assessment of the repeatability and reproducibility of the revised Venous Clinical Severity Score (rVCSS) - p. 226 211. Compression Stockings after Endovenous Laser Ablation of the Great Saphenous Vein: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 227 212. A plasma oxidative stress global index in early stages of chronic venous insufficiency - p. 228 213. Postoperative pain and early quality of life after radiofrequency ablation and mechanochemical endovenous ablation of incompetent great saphenous veins - p. 229 214. A randomized double-blind trial of upward progressive versus degressive compressive stockings in patients with moderate to severe chronic venous insufficiency - p. 230 215. Great saphenous vein diameter does not correlate with worsening quality of life scores in patients with great saphenous vein incompetence - p. 231 216. A multicenter randomized controlled trial evaluating balneotherapy in patients with advanced chronic venous insufficiency - p. 232 217. 16. Technical Notes - p. 234 218. Transealing: A Novel and Simple Technique for Embolization of Type 2 Endoleaks Through Direct Sac Access From the Distal Stent-Graft Landing Zone - p. 235 219. Direct sonographic-guided superior gluteal artery access for treatment of a previously treated expanding internal iliac artery aneurysm - p. 236 220. Static contrast technique for creating transpedal arterial access in patients with tibioperoneal occlusions - p. 237 221. Clinical and Economic Evaluation of Ambulatory Endovascular Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Lesions - p. 238 222. 17. Miscellaneous - p. 239 223. Cannabis-Associated Arterial Disease - p. 240 224. Delayed presentations of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome in a middle-aged military population - p. 241 225. Comparison of open and endovascular treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia - p. 242 226. The risk of carotid artery stenting compared with carotid endarterectomy is greatest in patients treated within 7 days of symptoms - p. 243 227. Vascular surgery, self-awareness, and the University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville - p. 244 228. Feasibility and safety of endovascular treatment for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in patients with multiple sclerosis - p. 245 229. A nationwide survey of vascular surgery trainees reveals trends in operative experience, confidence, and attitudes about simulation - p. 246 230. A randomized comparison of a 3-week and 6-week vascular surgery simulation course on junior surgical residents' performance of an end-to-side anastomosis - p. 247 231. A Single-institution Experience: The Integrated Vascular Surgery Residency's Effect on Fellowship and General Surgery Resident Case Volume and Diversity - p. 248