A New Ecology: Systems Perspective, Second Edition, gives an overview of the commonalities of all ecosystems from a variety of properties, including physical openness, ontic openness, directionality, connectivity, a complex dynamic for growth and development, and a complex dynamic response to disturbances. Each chapter details basic and characteristic properties that help the reader understand how they can be applied to explain a wide spectrum of current ecological research and environmental management applications.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction: A New Ecology Is Needed - p. 1 2. Chapter 2. Ecosystems Have Thermodynamic Openness - p. 7 3. Chapter 3. Ecosystems Have Ontic Openness - p. 27 4. Chapter 4. Ecosystems Have Connectivity - p. 45 5. Chapter 5. Ecosystems as Self-organizing Hierarchies - p. 83 6. Chapter 6. Ecosystems Have Directionality - p. 97 7. Chapter 7. Ecosystems Have Complex Dynamics—Growth and Development - p. 111 8. Chapter 8. Ecosystems Have Complex Dynamics—Disturbance and Decay - p. 139 9. Chapter 9. Ecosystem Principles Have Broad Explanatory Power in Ecology - p. 159 10. Chapter 10. Ecosystem Principles Have Ecological Applications - p. 183 11. Chapter 11. Ecosystems Carry Important Messages to Managers and Policy Makers - p. 215 12. Chapter 12. Conclusions and Final Remarks - p. 235 13. Index - p. 257
A New Ecology: Systems Perspective, Second Edition, gives an overview of the commonalities of all ecosystems from a variety of properties, including physical openness, ontic openness, directionality, connectivity, a complex dynamic for growth and development, and a complex dynamic response to disturbances. Each chapter details basic and characteristic properties that help the reader understand how they can be applied to explain a wide spectrum of current ecological research and environmental management applications.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction: A New Ecology Is Needed - p. 1 2. Chapter 2. Ecosystems Have Thermodynamic Openness - p. 7 3. Chapter 3. Ecosystems Have Ontic Openness - p. 27 4. Chapter 4. Ecosystems Have Connectivity - p. 45 5. Chapter 5. Ecosystems as Self-organizing Hierarchies - p. 83 6. Chapter 6. Ecosystems Have Directionality - p. 97 7. Chapter 7. Ecosystems Have Complex Dynamics—Growth and Development - p. 111 8. Chapter 8. Ecosystems Have Complex Dynamics—Disturbance and Decay - p. 139 9. Chapter 9. Ecosystem Principles Have Broad Explanatory Power in Ecology - p. 159 10. Chapter 10. Ecosystem Principles Have Ecological Applications - p. 183 11. Chapter 11. Ecosystems Carry Important Messages to Managers and Policy Makers - p. 215 12. Chapter 12. Conclusions and Final Remarks - p. 235 13. Index - p. 257
