A Paradigm Shift to Prevent and Treat Alzheimer’s Disease: From Monotargeting Pharmaceuticals to Pleiotropic Plant Polyphenols is the first book to systematically exhibit the powerful pleiotropic pharmacological effects on Alzheimer’s disease of plant-based compounds from ancient foods that humans have been consuming safely with substantial health benefits for thousands of years.
These plant-based compounds include curcuminoids from turmeric, resveratrol from red wine and grape seed extract from other grape products, epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) from green tea, and oleocanthal and oleuropein from olive oil, in addition to a special extract, EGb 761, from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, the oldest living species of tree on earth.
This book also presents a new analytical framework that convincingly favors a multi-targeting ("pleiotropic") approach to the prevention and treatment of complex chronic diseases, in contrast to the mono-targeting of the pharmaceutical model.
A Paradigm Shift to Prevent and Treat Alzheimer’s Disease is a unique and exciting resource for pharmaceutical scientists, pharmacologists, neurologists, general practitioners, research scientists in various medical and life sciences, healthcare professionals in clinical and executive positions, conventional medical schools, schools of naturopathic medicine, healthcare and medical journalists, executives in both national public healthcare systems and private insurers, and informed general readers.
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. Quote - p. v 6. Praise for A Paradigm Shift to Prevent and Treat Alzheimer’s Disease - p. vi 7. Preface by Friel - p. xi 8. Preface by Frautschy - p. xv 9. Part I. Pleiotropism - p. xvi 10. Chapter 1. Monotargeting Versus Multitargeting - p. 3 11. Chapter 2. The Pleiotropic Pharmacology of Plant Polyphenols - p. 17 12. Part II. Pleiotropism and Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 36 13. Chapter 3. Primary Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 39 14. Chapter 4. Secondary Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 61 15. Chapter 5. Treatment Mechanisms in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 89 16. Curcuminoids (↑) Synaptic Function - p. 94 17. Ginkgo biloba Extracts (↑) Synaptic Function - p. 96 18. Green Tea Extracts (↑) Synaptic Function - p. 97 19. Olive Oil Extracts (↑) Synaptic Function - p. 98 20. Curcuminoids (↓) Tau Hyperphosphorylation - p. 102 21. Ginkgo biloba Extracts (↓) Tau Hyperphosphorylation - p. 103 22. Grape Seed Extract (↓) Tau Hyperphosphorylation - p. 104 23. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Tau Hyperphosphorylation - p. 104 24. Resveratrol (↓) Tau Hyperphosphorylation - p. 104 25. Curcuminoids (↓) Tau Aggregation - p. 105 26. Grape Seed Extract (↓) Tau Aggregation - p. 105 27. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Tau Aggregation - p. 106 28. Olive Oil Extracts (↓) Tau Aggregation - p. 106 29. Curcuminoids (↑) Tau Clearance - p. 107 30. Green Tea Extracts (↑) Tau Clearance - p. 107 31. Curcuminoids (↓) Neuroinflammation - p. 114 32. Grape Seed Extract (↓) Neuroinflammation - p. 116 33. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Neuroinflammation - p. 116 34. Resveratrol (↓) Neuroinflammation - p. 116 35. Curcuminoids (↓) Oxidative Stress - p. 118 36. Ginkgo biloba Extracts (↓) Oxidative Stress - p. 120 37. Grape Seed Extract (↓) Oxidative Stress - p. 122 38. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Oxidative Stress - p. 122 39. Resveratrol (↓) Oxidative Stress - p. 123 40. Curcuminoids (↑) Sirtuin 1 - p. 137 41. Ginkgo biloba Extract 761 (↑) Sirtuin 1 - p. 138 42. Green Tea Extracts (↑) Sirtuin 1 - p. 138 43. Resveratrol (↑) Sirtuin 1 - p. 139 44. Chapter 6. Pleiotropic Theory - p. 151 45. Curcuminoids (↓) Notch-1 Signaling - p. 153 46. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Notch-1 Signaling - p. 156 47. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 and Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 158 48. Curcuminoids (↓) Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 - p. 161 49. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 - p. 163 50. Resveratrol (↓) Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 - p. 164 51. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 165 52. Curcuminoids (↓) Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase - p. 168 53. Microglial Activation and Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 169 54. Curcuminoids (↓) Microglial Activation - p. 172 55. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Microglial Activation - p. 174 56. Resveratrol (↓) Microglial Activation - p. 175 57. N-Methyl-d-Aspartate and Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 179 58. Curcuminoids (↓) N-Methyl-d-Aspartate–Mediated Excitotoxicity - p. 182 59. Green Tea Extracts (↓) N-Methyl-d-Aspartate–Mediated Excitotoxicity - p. 184 60. Curcuminoids (↓) Nuclear Factor-Kappa B - p. 188 61. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Nuclear Factor Kappa B - p. 190 62. Resveratrol (↓) Nuclear Factor Kappa B - p. 191 63. Curcuminoids (↓) Interleukin-1Beta - p. 194 64. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Interleukin-1Beta - p. 195 65. Resveratrol (↓) Interleukin-1Beta - p. 196 66. Curcuminoids (↓) Interleukin-6 - p. 197 67. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Interleukin-6 - p. 198 68. Resveratrol (↓) Interleukin-6 - p. 199 69. Curcuminoids (↓) Tumor Necrosis Factor-α - p. 200 70. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Tumor Necrosis Factor-α - p. 200 71. Resveratrol (↓) Tumor Necrosis Factor-α - p. 201 72. Curcuminoids (↓) Iron and Copper - p. 202 73. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Iron and Copper - p. 205 74. Curcuminoids (↑) Memory, Cognition, Behavior - p. 211 75. Grape Products (↑) Memory, Cognition, Behavior - p. 213 76. Green Tea Extract (↑) Memory, Cognition, Behavior - p. 214 77. Olive Oil Extracts (↑) Memory, Cognition, Behavior - p. 215 78. Resveratrol (↑) Memory, Cognition, Behavior - p. 215 79. Part III. Rational Basis Versus Strict Scrutiny - p. 224 80. Chapter 7. Dose-Adherence and Intent-to-Treat - p. 227 81. Index - p. 265
A Paradigm Shift to Prevent and Treat Alzheimer’s Disease: From Monotargeting Pharmaceuticals to Pleiotropic Plant Polyphenols is the first book to systematically exhibit the powerful pleiotropic pharmacological effects on Alzheimer’s disease of plant-based compounds from ancient foods that humans have been consuming safely with substantial health benefits for thousands of years.
These plant-based compounds include curcuminoids from turmeric, resveratrol from red wine and grape seed extract from other grape products, epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) from green tea, and oleocanthal and oleuropein from olive oil, in addition to a special extract, EGb 761, from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, the oldest living species of tree on earth.
This book also presents a new analytical framework that convincingly favors a multi-targeting ("pleiotropic") approach to the prevention and treatment of complex chronic diseases, in contrast to the mono-targeting of the pharmaceutical model.
A Paradigm Shift to Prevent and Treat Alzheimer’s Disease is a unique and exciting resource for pharmaceutical scientists, pharmacologists, neurologists, general practitioners, research scientists in various medical and life sciences, healthcare professionals in clinical and executive positions, conventional medical schools, schools of naturopathic medicine, healthcare and medical journalists, executives in both national public healthcare systems and private insurers, and informed general readers.
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. Quote - p. v 6. Praise for A Paradigm Shift to Prevent and Treat Alzheimer’s Disease - p. vi 7. Preface by Friel - p. xi 8. Preface by Frautschy - p. xv 9. Part I. Pleiotropism - p. xvi 10. Chapter 1. Monotargeting Versus Multitargeting - p. 3 11. Chapter 2. The Pleiotropic Pharmacology of Plant Polyphenols - p. 17 12. Part II. Pleiotropism and Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 36 13. Chapter 3. Primary Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 39 14. Chapter 4. Secondary Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 61 15. Chapter 5. Treatment Mechanisms in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 89 16. Curcuminoids (↑) Synaptic Function - p. 94 17. Ginkgo biloba Extracts (↑) Synaptic Function - p. 96 18. Green Tea Extracts (↑) Synaptic Function - p. 97 19. Olive Oil Extracts (↑) Synaptic Function - p. 98 20. Curcuminoids (↓) Tau Hyperphosphorylation - p. 102 21. Ginkgo biloba Extracts (↓) Tau Hyperphosphorylation - p. 103 22. Grape Seed Extract (↓) Tau Hyperphosphorylation - p. 104 23. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Tau Hyperphosphorylation - p. 104 24. Resveratrol (↓) Tau Hyperphosphorylation - p. 104 25. Curcuminoids (↓) Tau Aggregation - p. 105 26. Grape Seed Extract (↓) Tau Aggregation - p. 105 27. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Tau Aggregation - p. 106 28. Olive Oil Extracts (↓) Tau Aggregation - p. 106 29. Curcuminoids (↑) Tau Clearance - p. 107 30. Green Tea Extracts (↑) Tau Clearance - p. 107 31. Curcuminoids (↓) Neuroinflammation - p. 114 32. Grape Seed Extract (↓) Neuroinflammation - p. 116 33. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Neuroinflammation - p. 116 34. Resveratrol (↓) Neuroinflammation - p. 116 35. Curcuminoids (↓) Oxidative Stress - p. 118 36. Ginkgo biloba Extracts (↓) Oxidative Stress - p. 120 37. Grape Seed Extract (↓) Oxidative Stress - p. 122 38. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Oxidative Stress - p. 122 39. Resveratrol (↓) Oxidative Stress - p. 123 40. Curcuminoids (↑) Sirtuin 1 - p. 137 41. Ginkgo biloba Extract 761 (↑) Sirtuin 1 - p. 138 42. Green Tea Extracts (↑) Sirtuin 1 - p. 138 43. Resveratrol (↑) Sirtuin 1 - p. 139 44. Chapter 6. Pleiotropic Theory - p. 151 45. Curcuminoids (↓) Notch-1 Signaling - p. 153 46. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Notch-1 Signaling - p. 156 47. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 and Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 158 48. Curcuminoids (↓) Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 - p. 161 49. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 - p. 163 50. Resveratrol (↓) Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 - p. 164 51. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 165 52. Curcuminoids (↓) Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase - p. 168 53. Microglial Activation and Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 169 54. Curcuminoids (↓) Microglial Activation - p. 172 55. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Microglial Activation - p. 174 56. Resveratrol (↓) Microglial Activation - p. 175 57. N-Methyl-d-Aspartate and Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 179 58. Curcuminoids (↓) N-Methyl-d-Aspartate–Mediated Excitotoxicity - p. 182 59. Green Tea Extracts (↓) N-Methyl-d-Aspartate–Mediated Excitotoxicity - p. 184 60. Curcuminoids (↓) Nuclear Factor-Kappa B - p. 188 61. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Nuclear Factor Kappa B - p. 190 62. Resveratrol (↓) Nuclear Factor Kappa B - p. 191 63. Curcuminoids (↓) Interleukin-1Beta - p. 194 64. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Interleukin-1Beta - p. 195 65. Resveratrol (↓) Interleukin-1Beta - p. 196 66. Curcuminoids (↓) Interleukin-6 - p. 197 67. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Interleukin-6 - p. 198 68. Resveratrol (↓) Interleukin-6 - p. 199 69. Curcuminoids (↓) Tumor Necrosis Factor-α - p. 200 70. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Tumor Necrosis Factor-α - p. 200 71. Resveratrol (↓) Tumor Necrosis Factor-α - p. 201 72. Curcuminoids (↓) Iron and Copper - p. 202 73. Green Tea Extracts (↓) Iron and Copper - p. 205 74. Curcuminoids (↑) Memory, Cognition, Behavior - p. 211 75. Grape Products (↑) Memory, Cognition, Behavior - p. 213 76. Green Tea Extract (↑) Memory, Cognition, Behavior - p. 214 77. Olive Oil Extracts (↑) Memory, Cognition, Behavior - p. 215 78. Resveratrol (↑) Memory, Cognition, Behavior - p. 215 79. Part III. Rational Basis Versus Strict Scrutiny - p. 224 80. Chapter 7. Dose-Adherence and Intent-to-Treat - p. 227 81. Index - p. 265
