Analysis and Design of Energy Geostructures gathers in a unified framework the theoretical and experimental competence available on energy geostructures: innovative multifunctional earth-contact structures that can provide renewable energy supply and structural support to any built environment. The book covers the broad, interdisciplinary and integrated knowledge required to address the analysis and design of energy geostructures from energy, geotechnical and structural perspectives. This knowledge includes (Part A) an introduction to the technology; (Part B) the fundamentals of heat and mass transfers as well as of the mechanics of geomaterials and structures required to address the unprecedented behavior of energy geostructures; (Part C) the experimental evidence characterizing the considered geostructures; (Part D) various analytical and numerical modeling approaches to analyze the response of energy geostructures; and (Part E) the performance-based design and detailing essentials of energy geostructures.
1. Part A: Introduction - p. xxxiii 2. Chapter 1. Energy and geotechnologies - p. 3 3. Chapter 2. Energy geostructures - p. 25 4. Part B: Fundamentals - p. 65 5. Chapter 3. Heat and mass transfers in the context of energy geostructures - p. 69 6. Abstract - p. 69 7. 3.1 Introduction - p. 69 8. 3.2 Idealisations and assumptions - p. 70 9. 3.3 Principles of heat transfer - p. 72 10. 3.4 Conduction - p. 74 11. 3.5 Convection - p. 86 12. 3.6 Radiation - p. 92 13. 3.7 Energy conservation equation - p. 95 14. 3.8 Initial and boundary conditions for energy conservation - p. 100 15. 3.9 Principles of mass transfer - p. 105 16. 3.10 Laminar and turbulent flows - p. 106 17. 3.11 Seepage flow - p. 108 18. 3.12 Mass conservation equation - p. 113 19. 3.13 Initial and boundary conditions for mass conservation - p. 114 20. 3.14 Boundary layers in flow problems - p. 115 21. 3.15 Momentum conservation equation - p. 117 22. References - p. g120 23. Questions and problems - p. g120 24. Chapter 4. Deformation in the context of energy geostructures - p. 137 25. Abstract - p. 137 26. 4.1 Introduction - p. 137 27. 4.2 Idealisations and assumptions - p. 138 28. 4.3 Strain - p. 140 29. 4.4 Compatibility equations - p. 144 30. 4.5 Stress - p. 145 31. 4.6 Momentum conservation equation - p. 153 32. 4.7 Boundary conditions - p. 155 33. 4.8 Generalities about stress–strain relations - p. 157 34. 4.9 Thermoelasticity - p. 157 35. 4.10 Plasticity and thermoplasticity - p. 171 36. References - p. 187 37. Questions and problems - p. 187 38. Part C: Observations - p. 205 39. Chapter 5. Thermohydromechanical behaviour of soils and soil–structure interfaces - p. 209 40. Chapter 6. Thermomechanical behaviour of single energy piles - p. 271 41. Chapter 7. Thermomechanical behaviour of energy pile groups - p. 299 42. Part D: Analysis - p. 330 43. Chapter 8. Analytical modelling of steady heat and mass transfers - p. 333 44. Abstract - p. 333 45. 8.1 Introduction - p. 333 46. 8.2 Idealisations and assumptions - p. 334 47. 8.3 Heat and mass transfers in pipes - p. 338 48. 8.4 Thermal resistance concept for time-independent solutions - p. 354 49. 8.5 Heat transfer within energy piles and other circular heat exchangers - p. 356 50. 8.6 Heat transfer in energy walls and other plane heat exchangers - p. 366 51. 8.7 Heat transfer analysis through equivalent composite thermal circuits - p. 370 52. 8.8 Heat transfer and storage capacities of energy piles - p. 374 53. 8.9 Required thermally active dimension of energy geostructures - p. 377 54. 8.10 The effectiveness-NTU analysis method for energy geostructures - p. 379 55. References - p. 380 56. Questions and problems - p. 380 57. Chapter 9. Analytical modelling of transient heat transfer - p. 409 58. Abstract - p. 409 59. 9.1 Introduction - p. 409 60. 9.2 Idealisations and assumptions - p. 410 61. 9.3 Analysis approaches - p. 411 62. 9.4 Thermal resistance concept for time-dependent solutions - p. 417 63. 9.5 Duhamel’s theorem - p. 419 64. 9.6 Heat transfer around energy piles and other circular heat exchangers - p. 422 65. 9.7 Heat transfer around energy walls and other plane heat exchangers - p. 431 66. 9.8 Heat transfer at short-to-medium timescales - p. 436 67. References - p. 438 68. Questions and problems - p. 438 69. Chapter 10. Analytical modelling of capacity and deformation of single energy piles - p. 457 70. Abstract - p. 457 71. 10.1 Introduction - p. 457 72. 10.2 Idealisations and assumptions - p. 458 73. 10.3 Generalised axial capacity formulation - p. 461 74. 10.4 Capacity in coarse-grained soil - p. 464 75. 10.5 Capacity in fine-grained soil - p. 473 76. 10.6 Capacity in rock - p. 480 77. 10.7 Generalised axial deformation formulation - p. 482 78. 10.8 Thermomechanical schemes - p. 485 79. 10.9 Displacement charts - p. 492 80. 10.10 Load-transfer analysis approach - p. 499 81. 10.11 Modelled and observed response - p. 514 82. References - p. 531 83. Questions and problems - p. 531 84. Chapter 11. Analytical modelling of capacity and deformation of energy pile groups - p. 567 85. Abstract - p. 567 86. 11.1 Introduction - p. 567 87. 11.2 Idealisations and assumptions - p. 568 88. 11.3 Generalised axial capacity formulation - p. 569 89. 11.4 Capacity in coarse-grained soil - p. 571 90. 11.5 Capacity in fine-grained soil - p. 571 91. 11.6 Generalised axial deformation formulation - p. 572 92. 11.7 Interaction factor method based on charts - p. 574 93. 11.8 Interaction factor method based on analytical models - p. 601 94. 11.9 Equivalent pier method - p. g614 95. 11.10 Comparison with rigorous solutions - p. 626 96. 11.11 Modelled and observed response - p. 644 97. References - p. 662 98. Questions and problems - p. 662 99. Chapter 12. Numerical modelling of energy geostructures - p. 681 100. Part E: Design - p. 747 101. Chapter 13. Performance-based design in the context of energy geostructures - p. 751 102. Abstract - p. 751 103. 13.1 Introduction - p. 751 104. 13.2 Holistic integrated design considerations - p. 752 105. 13.3 Available design recommendations - p. 756 106. 13.4 The Eurocode programme - p. 757 107. 13.5 Limit states - p. 759 108. 13.6 Design situations - p. 760 109. 13.7 Classification of actions - p. 760 110. 13.8 Verification of requirements through a partial factor method - p. 762 111. 13.9 Performance-based design approach for energy geostructures - p. 768 112. 13.10 Combination of actions at ultimate limit states - p. 768 113. 13.11 Combination of actions at serviceability limit states - p. 772 114. 13.12 Design data for some materials - p. 776 115. 13.13 Structural and geotechnical analysis - p. 783 116. 13.14 Design for ultimate limit states - p. 784 117. 13.15 Design for serviceability limit states - p. 801 118. References - p. 812 119. Questions and problems - p. 812 120. Chapter 14. Determination of design parameters for energy geostructures - p. 821 121. Abstract - p. 821 122. 14.1 Introduction - p. 821 123. 14.2 Characterisation of sites - p. 822 124. 14.3 Design parameters - p. 824 125. 14.4 Testing methods - p. 824 126. 14.5 Guarded hot plate testing - p. 831 127. 14.6 Oedometer testing under nonisothermal conditions - p. 838 128. 14.7 Triaxial testing under nonisothermal conditions - p. 852 129. 14.8 Direct shear testing under nonisothermal conditions - p. 864 130. 14.9 Thermal response testing - p. 876 131. 14.10 Load testing under nonisothermal conditions - p. 887 132. References - p. 898 133. Questions and problems - p. 898 134. Chapter 15. Performance-based design of energy piles - p. 933 135. Chapter 16. Design of details for construction of energy geostructures - p. 1003 136. Appendix A. Survey about energy geostructure projects worldwide - p. 1023 137. Appendix B. Thermohydromechanical modelling in the context of energy geostructures - p. 1025 138. Appendix C. Advanced Constitutive Model for Environmental Geomechanics-Temperature effects - p. 1033 139. Index - p. 1043
Analysis and Design of Energy Geostructures gathers in a unified framework the theoretical and experimental competence available on energy geostructures: innovative multifunctional earth-contact structures that can provide renewable energy supply and structural support to any built environment. The book covers the broad, interdisciplinary and integrated knowledge required to address the analysis and design of energy geostructures from energy, geotechnical and structural perspectives. This knowledge includes (Part A) an introduction to the technology; (Part B) the fundamentals of heat and mass transfers as well as of the mechanics of geomaterials and structures required to address the unprecedented behavior of energy geostructures; (Part C) the experimental evidence characterizing the considered geostructures; (Part D) various analytical and numerical modeling approaches to analyze the response of energy geostructures; and (Part E) the performance-based design and detailing essentials of energy geostructures.
1. Part A: Introduction - p. xxxiii 2. Chapter 1. Energy and geotechnologies - p. 3 3. Chapter 2. Energy geostructures - p. 25 4. Part B: Fundamentals - p. 65 5. Chapter 3. Heat and mass transfers in the context of energy geostructures - p. 69 6. Abstract - p. 69 7. 3.1 Introduction - p. 69 8. 3.2 Idealisations and assumptions - p. 70 9. 3.3 Principles of heat transfer - p. 72 10. 3.4 Conduction - p. 74 11. 3.5 Convection - p. 86 12. 3.6 Radiation - p. 92 13. 3.7 Energy conservation equation - p. 95 14. 3.8 Initial and boundary conditions for energy conservation - p. 100 15. 3.9 Principles of mass transfer - p. 105 16. 3.10 Laminar and turbulent flows - p. 106 17. 3.11 Seepage flow - p. 108 18. 3.12 Mass conservation equation - p. 113 19. 3.13 Initial and boundary conditions for mass conservation - p. 114 20. 3.14 Boundary layers in flow problems - p. 115 21. 3.15 Momentum conservation equation - p. 117 22. References - p. g120 23. Questions and problems - p. g120 24. Chapter 4. Deformation in the context of energy geostructures - p. 137 25. Abstract - p. 137 26. 4.1 Introduction - p. 137 27. 4.2 Idealisations and assumptions - p. 138 28. 4.3 Strain - p. 140 29. 4.4 Compatibility equations - p. 144 30. 4.5 Stress - p. 145 31. 4.6 Momentum conservation equation - p. 153 32. 4.7 Boundary conditions - p. 155 33. 4.8 Generalities about stress–strain relations - p. 157 34. 4.9 Thermoelasticity - p. 157 35. 4.10 Plasticity and thermoplasticity - p. 171 36. References - p. 187 37. Questions and problems - p. 187 38. Part C: Observations - p. 205 39. Chapter 5. Thermohydromechanical behaviour of soils and soil–structure interfaces - p. 209 40. Chapter 6. Thermomechanical behaviour of single energy piles - p. 271 41. Chapter 7. Thermomechanical behaviour of energy pile groups - p. 299 42. Part D: Analysis - p. 330 43. Chapter 8. Analytical modelling of steady heat and mass transfers - p. 333 44. Abstract - p. 333 45. 8.1 Introduction - p. 333 46. 8.2 Idealisations and assumptions - p. 334 47. 8.3 Heat and mass transfers in pipes - p. 338 48. 8.4 Thermal resistance concept for time-independent solutions - p. 354 49. 8.5 Heat transfer within energy piles and other circular heat exchangers - p. 356 50. 8.6 Heat transfer in energy walls and other plane heat exchangers - p. 366 51. 8.7 Heat transfer analysis through equivalent composite thermal circuits - p. 370 52. 8.8 Heat transfer and storage capacities of energy piles - p. 374 53. 8.9 Required thermally active dimension of energy geostructures - p. 377 54. 8.10 The effectiveness-NTU analysis method for energy geostructures - p. 379 55. References - p. 380 56. Questions and problems - p. 380 57. Chapter 9. Analytical modelling of transient heat transfer - p. 409 58. Abstract - p. 409 59. 9.1 Introduction - p. 409 60. 9.2 Idealisations and assumptions - p. 410 61. 9.3 Analysis approaches - p. 411 62. 9.4 Thermal resistance concept for time-dependent solutions - p. 417 63. 9.5 Duhamel’s theorem - p. 419 64. 9.6 Heat transfer around energy piles and other circular heat exchangers - p. 422 65. 9.7 Heat transfer around energy walls and other plane heat exchangers - p. 431 66. 9.8 Heat transfer at short-to-medium timescales - p. 436 67. References - p. 438 68. Questions and problems - p. 438 69. Chapter 10. Analytical modelling of capacity and deformation of single energy piles - p. 457 70. Abstract - p. 457 71. 10.1 Introduction - p. 457 72. 10.2 Idealisations and assumptions - p. 458 73. 10.3 Generalised axial capacity formulation - p. 461 74. 10.4 Capacity in coarse-grained soil - p. 464 75. 10.5 Capacity in fine-grained soil - p. 473 76. 10.6 Capacity in rock - p. 480 77. 10.7 Generalised axial deformation formulation - p. 482 78. 10.8 Thermomechanical schemes - p. 485 79. 10.9 Displacement charts - p. 492 80. 10.10 Load-transfer analysis approach - p. 499 81. 10.11 Modelled and observed response - p. 514 82. References - p. 531 83. Questions and problems - p. 531 84. Chapter 11. Analytical modelling of capacity and deformation of energy pile groups - p. 567 85. Abstract - p. 567 86. 11.1 Introduction - p. 567 87. 11.2 Idealisations and assumptions - p. 568 88. 11.3 Generalised axial capacity formulation - p. 569 89. 11.4 Capacity in coarse-grained soil - p. 571 90. 11.5 Capacity in fine-grained soil - p. 571 91. 11.6 Generalised axial deformation formulation - p. 572 92. 11.7 Interaction factor method based on charts - p. 574 93. 11.8 Interaction factor method based on analytical models - p. 601 94. 11.9 Equivalent pier method - p. g614 95. 11.10 Comparison with rigorous solutions - p. 626 96. 11.11 Modelled and observed response - p. 644 97. References - p. 662 98. Questions and problems - p. 662 99. Chapter 12. Numerical modelling of energy geostructures - p. 681 100. Part E: Design - p. 747 101. Chapter 13. Performance-based design in the context of energy geostructures - p. 751 102. Abstract - p. 751 103. 13.1 Introduction - p. 751 104. 13.2 Holistic integrated design considerations - p. 752 105. 13.3 Available design recommendations - p. 756 106. 13.4 The Eurocode programme - p. 757 107. 13.5 Limit states - p. 759 108. 13.6 Design situations - p. 760 109. 13.7 Classification of actions - p. 760 110. 13.8 Verification of requirements through a partial factor method - p. 762 111. 13.9 Performance-based design approach for energy geostructures - p. 768 112. 13.10 Combination of actions at ultimate limit states - p. 768 113. 13.11 Combination of actions at serviceability limit states - p. 772 114. 13.12 Design data for some materials - p. 776 115. 13.13 Structural and geotechnical analysis - p. 783 116. 13.14 Design for ultimate limit states - p. 784 117. 13.15 Design for serviceability limit states - p. 801 118. References - p. 812 119. Questions and problems - p. 812 120. Chapter 14. Determination of design parameters for energy geostructures - p. 821 121. Abstract - p. 821 122. 14.1 Introduction - p. 821 123. 14.2 Characterisation of sites - p. 822 124. 14.3 Design parameters - p. 824 125. 14.4 Testing methods - p. 824 126. 14.5 Guarded hot plate testing - p. 831 127. 14.6 Oedometer testing under nonisothermal conditions - p. 838 128. 14.7 Triaxial testing under nonisothermal conditions - p. 852 129. 14.8 Direct shear testing under nonisothermal conditions - p. 864 130. 14.9 Thermal response testing - p. 876 131. 14.10 Load testing under nonisothermal conditions - p. 887 132. References - p. 898 133. Questions and problems - p. 898 134. Chapter 15. Performance-based design of energy piles - p. 933 135. Chapter 16. Design of details for construction of energy geostructures - p. 1003 136. Appendix A. Survey about energy geostructure projects worldwide - p. 1023 137. Appendix B. Thermohydromechanical modelling in the context of energy geostructures - p. 1025 138. Appendix C. Advanced Constitutive Model for Environmental Geomechanics-Temperature effects - p. 1033 139. Index - p. 1043
